7,844 research outputs found
Exploring the movement dynamics of deception
Both the science and the everyday practice of detecting a lie rest on the same assumption: hidden cognitive states that the liar would like to remain hidden nevertheless influence observable behavior. This assumption has good evidence. The insights of professional interrogators, anecdotal evidence, and body language textbooks have all built up a sizeable catalog of non-verbal cues that have been claimed to distinguish deceptive and truthful behavior. Typically, these cues are discrete, individual behaviors—a hand touching a mouth, the rise of a brow—that distinguish lies from truths solely in terms of their frequency or duration. Research to date has failed to establish any of these non-verbal cues as a reliable marker of deception. Here we argue that perhaps this is because simple tallies of behavior can miss out on the rich but subtle organization of behavior as it unfolds over time. Research in cognitive science from a dynamical systems perspective has shown that behavior is structured across multiple timescales, with more or less regularity and structure. Using tools that are sensitive to these dynamics, we analyzed body motion data from an experiment that put participants in a realistic situation of choosing, or not, to lie to an experimenter. Our analyses indicate that when being deceptive, continuous fluctuations of movement in the upper face, and somewhat in the arms, are characterized by dynamical properties of less stability, but greater complexity. For the upper face, these distinctions are present despite no apparent differences in the overall amount of movement between deception and truth. We suggest that these unique dynamical signatures of motion are indicative of both the cognitive demands inherent to deception and the need to respond adaptively in a social context
Problem and treatment of DC offsets in FDTD simulations
Journal ArticleThis paper discusses the causes of and some solutions to the commonly observed problem of dc field offsets in finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations. DC electric and magnetic field offsets are shown to be valid calculated responses of the modeled systems, resulting from interaction between the turn-on characteristics of the source and the properties of the models. The dc offsets may be avoided in the time domain by tailoring the source waveforms or in the frequency domain by post-processing the FDTD output
Failure to obtain positive MEM tests in either cell-mediated immune conditions in the guinea-pig or in human cancer.
The macrophage electrophoretic mobility test described by Caspary and Field (1971) and modified by Pritchard et al. (1973) was investigated in various models of cell-mediated immune conditions in the guinea-pig and in cancer in man. No positive results were obtained in 92 guinea-pig experiments. Only 17 of 154 experiments on 74 patients gave definite positives in experiments with human cancer and a few positive results were obtained with normal healthy subjects
X-ray scattering from surfaces: discrete and continuous components of roughness
Incoherent surface scattering yields a statistical description of the
surface, due to the ensemble averaging over many independently sampled volumes.
Depending on the state of the surface and direction of the scattering vector
relative to the surface normal, the height distribution is discrete,
continuous, or a combination of the two. We present a treatment for the
influence of multimodal surface height distributions on Crystal Truncation Rod
scattering. The effects of a multimodal height distribution are especially
evident during in situ monitoring of layer-by-layer thin-film growth via Pulsed
Laser Deposition. We model the total height distribution as a convolution of
discrete and continuous components, resulting in a broadly applicable
parameterization of surface roughness which can be applied to other scattering
probes, such as electrons and neutrons. Convolution of such distributions could
potentially be applied to interface or chemical scattering. Here we find that
this analysis describes accurately our experimental studies of SrTiO3
annealing and homoepitaxial growth.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
Internet Protocol (IP) Videoconferencing for Networking During a Crisis
The Alabama Cooperative Extension System (ACES) responded to clientele needs during the severe droughts in 2006 and 2007. The ACES Agronomic Crops Program Priority Team utilized interactive videoconferencing through Internet Protocol (IP), allowing real-time communication between producers, agricultural industry representatives, and state and federal officials. Travel time and costs were minimized, while information exchange was maximized. Planning through teleconferencing prior to the videoconference allowed on-site moderators to function efficiently with regard to time and topic management. Our intent is to develop procedures and infrastructure to allow faster response time and more efficient information exchange during times of crisis
Generating multimedia presentations: from plain text to screenplay
In many Natural Language Generation (NLG) applications, the output is limited to plain text – i.e., a string of words with punctuation and paragraph breaks, but no indications for layout, or pictures, or dialogue. In several projects, we have begun to explore NLG applications in which these extra media are brought into play. This paper gives an informal account of what we have learned. For coherence, we focus on the domain of patient information leaflets, and follow an example in which the same content is expressed first in plain text, then in formatted text, then in text with pictures, and finally in a dialogue script that can be performed by two animated agents. We show how the same meaning can be mapped to realisation patterns in different media, and how the expanded options for expressing meaning are related to the perceived style and tone of the presentation. Throughout, we stress that the extra media are not simple added to plain text, but integrated with it: thus the use of formatting, or pictures, or dialogue, may require radical rewording of the text itself
Temperature and Density Distribution in the Molecular Gas Toward Westerlund 2: Further Evidence for Physical Association
Furukawa et al. 2009 reported the existence of a large mass of molecular gas
associated with the super star cluster Westerlund 2 and the surrounding HII
region RCW49, based on a strong morphological correspondence between NANTEN2
12CO(J=2-1) emission and Spitzer IRAC images of the HII region. We here present
temperature and density distributions in the associated molecular gas at 3.5 pc
resolution, as derived from an LVG analysis of the 12CO(J=2-1), 12CO(J=1-0) and
13CO(J=2-1) transitions. The kinetic temperature is as high as 60-150 K within
a projected distance of 5-10 pc from Westerlund 2 and decreases to as low as 10
K away from the cluster. The high temperature provides robust verification that
the molecular gas is indeed physically associated with the HII region,
supporting Furukawa et al.'s conclusion. The derived temperature is also
roughly consistent with theoretical calculations of photo dissociation regions
(PDRs), while the low spatial resolution of the present study does not warrant
a more detailed comparison with PDR models. We suggest that the molecular
clouds presented here will serve as an ideal laboratory to test theories on
PDRs in future higher resolution studies.Comment: 23 pages, 5 figures, accepted for publication in Ap
Spitzer Observations of Cold Dust Galaxies
We combine new Spitzer Space Telescope observations in the mid- and
far-infrared with SCUBA 850 micron observations to improve the measurement of
dust temperatures, masses and luminosities for 11 galaxies of the SCUBA Local
Universe Galaxy Survey (SLUGS). By fitting dust models we measure typical dust
masses of 10E7.9 M_sol and dust luminosities of ~ 10E10 L_sol, for galaxies
with modest star formation rates. The data presented in this paper combined
with previous observations show that cold dust is present in all types of
spiral galaxies and is a major contributor to their total luminosity. Because
of the lower dust temperature of the SCUBA sources measured in this paper, they
have flatter Far-IR nu F_nu(160um)/nu F_nu(850um) slopes than the larger
Spitzer Nearby Galaxies Survey (SINGS), the sample that provides the best
measurements of the dust properties of galaxies in the nearby universe. The new
data presented here added to SINGS extend the parameter space that is well
covered by local galaxies, providing a comprehensive set of templates that can
be used to interpret the observations of nearby and distant galaxies.Comment: Accepted by A.J. 16 pages, 10 figures, 7 tables. High resolution
version at http://mips.as.arizona.edu/~cnaw/slugs_hires.pd
The hidden HI-massive LIRG HIZOA J0836-43: Inside-out galaxy formation
HIZOA J0836-43 is an extreme gas-rich (=7.5\times10^{10}
M_{\sun}) disk galaxy which lies hidden behind the strongly obscuring Vela
region of the Milky Way. Utilizing observations from the {\it Spitzer Space
Telescope}, we have found it to be a luminous infrared starburst galaxy with a
star formation rate of \sim 21 M_{\sun} \rm{yr^{-1}}, arising from
exceptionally strong molecular PAH emission (L_{7.7\micron} = 1.50 \times
10^{9} L_{\odot}) and far-infrared emission from cold dust. The galaxy
exhibits a weak mid-infrared continuum compared to other starforming galaxies
and U/LIRGs. This relative lack of emission from small grains suggests atypical
interstellar medium conditions compared to other starbursts. We do not detect
significant Ne {\sc v} or O {\sc iv}, which implies an absent or
very weak AGN. The galaxy possesses a prominent bulge of evolved stars and a
stellar mass of 4.4(1.4)\times10^{10} M_{\sun}. With its plentiful gas
supply and current star formation rate, a doubling of stellar mass would occur
on a timescale of 2 Gyr. Compared to local galaxies, HIZOA J0836-43
appears to be a "scaled-up" spiral undergoing inside-out formation, possibly
resembling stellar disk building processes at intermediate redshifts.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, 1 table; Accepted for publication in ApJL: August
25 2008. A version with full resolution figures is available at
http://spider.ipac.caltech.edu/staff/jarrett/Cluver_ApJL.pd
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