The Spatial Ideology for Brazilian national State constitution

Revista A1 InternacionalNo debate sobre a construção do Estado nacional brasileiro, partimos do pressuposto de que esse processo consolidou-se no cerne de uma valorização fragmentária de suas variantes estéticas, conformando uma controversa ideologia espacial de sentido identitário à nação. Progresso, modernização e integração territorial emergem como palavras de ordem no elo entre a nação imaginada, no Brasil Imperial, e a nação tal como se concretiza, ao longo do século XX, apesar do discurso e das ações em resgate à cultura síntese de brasilidade. Evidencia-se, nesse escopo, uma tendência a se pensar a nação mais como produto cultural de uma elite (fragmentos de cidades coloniais e do barroco consagrados) do que por meio de símbolos da formação de territórios híbridos representantes da totalidade de seus construtores: os antagônicos protagonistas. _________________________________________________________________________________ RESUMENEn el debate sobre la construcción del Estado nacional brasileño partimos del presupuesto de que ese proceso se consolidó en el centro de una valoración fragmentada de sus variantes estéticas, conformando una ideologia espacial controvertida que da sentido de identidade a la nación. Progreso, modernización e integración territorial emergen como palabras de orden en el enlace entre la nación imaginada, en el Brasil Imperial, y la nación tal y como se concreta a lo largo del siglo veinte, a pesar del discurso y de las acciones de rescate de la cultura que sintetiza lo que se considera brasileño. Se evidencia, en ese objetivo, una tendencia a pensar la nación más como producto cultural de una élite (fragmentos de ciudades coloniales y del barroco consagrados) que a través de lós símbolos de la formación de territórios híbridos, que son representantes de la tatilidad de sus constructores, a su vez, lós protagonistas antagônicos. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTIn the debate on Brazilian national state construction, we assume that this process was consolidated at the core of a fragmentary valorization of its aesthetic variants, forming a controversial spatial ideology with sense of identity to the nation. Progress, modernization and territorial integration emerge as watchwords on the link between the imagined nation in Imperial Brazil, and the nation as it concretizes itself throughout the twentieth century, although the speech and actions for rescue of brazilianness culture. It becomes evident, in that scope, a tendency to think the nation more as a cultural product of an elite (established pieces of colonial towns and baroque) than think it by symbols of hybrid territories formation representing the totality of its builders: the antagonistic protagonists

Materialismo histórico e existência : discurso geográfico e utopias

As utopias, que perpassaram a filosofia antiga e compõem a história da ciência, parece ser negligenciadas pelos geógrafos que fazem da crítica radical o objeto primeiro de seu fazer científico. Este ensaio introdutório, então, assume as utopias espaciais como possibilidades para um discurso geográfico que deve saltar a crítica radical dogmática. Para tanto, o materialismo histórico e o existencialismo são apresentados como métodos a serem trabalhados pelo geógrafo de forma não dicotômica, em nome de uma práxis manipulativa integradora e em prol da geografia como ciência e como existência. Faltam à fenomenologia da existência humana uma necessária plenitude e nitidez, ao passar indiferente diante da base material da existência histórica, em que existência humana, existência histórica e situação prática são elementos entrelaçados da realidade material e ideal. ________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACTUtopias, which have permeated the ancient philosophy and make up the history of science, seem to be neglected by geographers for which radical critique is the major object of their scientific work. This introductory essay considers the spatial utopias as possibilities for a geographic discourse that should pass by the dogmatic and radical critique. For this purpose, historical materialism and existentialism are presented as methods that must be worked out by the geographer in a non-dichotomous way, in the name of an integrative manipulative practice and on behalf of geography as a science and as existence. The phenomenology of human existence requires fullness and clearness, when passing indifferent to material basis of historical existence, where human existence, historical existence and practical situation are interwoven elements of material and ideal reality

Cyanotoxins: Bioaccumulation and Effects on Aquatic Animals

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic prokaryotes with wide geographic distribution that can produce secondary metabolites named cyanotoxins. These toxins can be classified into three main types according to their mechanism of action in vertebrates: hepatotoxins, dermatotoxins and neurotoxins. Many studies on the effects of cyanobacteria and their toxins over a wide range of aquatic organisms, including invertebrates and vertebrates, have reported acute effects (e.g., reduction in survivorship, feeding inhibition, paralysis), chronic effects (e.g., reduction in growth and fecundity), biochemical alterations (e.g., activity of phosphatases, GST, AChE, proteases), and behavioral alterations. Research has also focused on the potential for bioaccumulation and transferring of these toxins through the food chain. Although the herbivorous zooplankton is hypothesized as the main target of cyanotoxins, there is not unquestionable evidence of the deleterious effects of cyanobacteria and their toxins on these organisms. Also, the low toxin burden in secondary consumers points towards biodilution of microcystins in the food web as the predominant process. In this broad review we discuss important issues on bioaccumulation and the effects of cyanotoxins, with emphasis on microcystins, as well as drawbacks and future needs in this field of research

Properties of 12^{12}C in the {\it ab initio} nuclear shell-model

We obtain properties of $^{12}$C in the {\it ab initio} no-core nuclear shell-model. The effective Hamiltonians are derived microscopically from the realistic CD-Bonn and the Argonne V8' nucleon-nucleon (NN) potentials as a function of the finite harmonic oscillator basis space. Binding energies, excitation spectra and electromagnetic properties are presented for model spaces up to $5\hbar\Omega$. The favorable comparison with available data is a consequence of the underlying NN interaction rather than a phenomenological fit.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Relationship of psychological factors with physical activity stage of change in prime-and middle-aged Japanese

The present study aimed to investigate the status of physical activity and the differences in psychological factors associated with physical activity from the perspective of transtheoretical model stages between prime- and middle-aged Japanese. The study involved 375 prime-aged volunteers (175 men, 200 women) and 557 middle-aged volunteers (247 men, 310 women) living in Kuse, a town in Okayama Prefecture, Japan. We found that the prime-aged men at the preparation stage had significantly higher self-efficacy scores than at the contemplation stage (p&#60;0.01). Middle-aged men had significantly higher self-efficacy scores at the contemplation stage than at the precontemplation stage (p&#60;0.001). Middle-aged women, meanwhile, had significantly higher self-efficacy scores at the maintenance stage than at the action stage (p&#60;0.01), and at the contemplation stage than at the precontemplation stage (p&#60;0.001). The present findings provide valuable information about the differences in psychological factors affecting physical activity between prime-aged and middle-aged community-dwelling Japanese. This information may be useful to health professionals as they develop effective community-based intervention programs for target populations.</p

Lean Supply Chain Management: Insights from bibliometric analysis and literature review

The covid-19 pandemic has impacted many countries and with it arose a growing concern of organizations about the vulnerability and low resilience of global supply chains. The incorporation of lean manufacturing in the supply chains enables the systematic reduction of activities that do not add value in an organization and within a chain could improve business performance, which can be widely extended between areas. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the advancement of knowledge about the lean supply chain through bibliometric indicators of scientific production and literature review. Among the research results, the number of publications increased over the years (1996-2021), and the countries that published the most on the topic are Brazil (46 documents), Malaysia (42), and the United States of America (40). The most applied tool was the Value Stream Mapping (VSM). As for future research, there is a need to propose more applied and comprehensive research; study the impact of lean on the supply chain; evaluate the Lean Supply Chain implementation process, and study the relationship between sustainability and Lean Supply Chain Management

A unitary correlation operator method

The short range repulsion between nucleons is treated by a unitary correlation operator which shifts the nucleons away from each other whenever their uncorrelated positions are within the replusive core. By formulating the correlation as a transformation of the relative distance between particle pairs, general analytic expressions for the correlated wave functions and correlated operators are given. The decomposition of correlated operators into irreducible n-body operators is discussed. The one- and two-body-irreducible parts are worked out explicitly and the contribution of three-body correlations is estimated to check convergence. Ground state energies of nuclei up to mass number A=48 are calculated with a spin-isospin-dependent potential and single Slater determinants as uncorrelated states. They show that the deduced energy- and mass-number-independent correlated two-body Hamiltonian reproduces all "exact" many-body calculations surprisingly well.Comment: 43 pages, several postscript figures, uses 'epsfig.cls'. Submitted to Nucl. Phys. A. More information available at http://www.gsi.de/~fm

Few-nucleon systems in translationally invariant harmonic oscillator basis

We present a translationally invariant formulation of the no-core shell model approach for few-nucleon systems. We discuss a general method of antisymmetrization of the harmonic-oscillator basis depending on Jacobi coordinates. The use of a translationally invariant basis allows us to employ larger model spaces than in traditional shell-model calculations. Moreover, in addition to two-body effective interactions, three- or higher-body effective interactions as well as real three-body interactions can be utilized. In the present study we apply the formalism to solve three and four nucleon systems interacting by the CD-Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential. Results of ground-state as well as excited-state energies, rms radii and magnetic moments are discussed. In addition, we compare charge form factor results obtained using the CD-Bonn and Argonne V8' NN potentials.Comment: 25 pages. RevTex. 13 Postscript figure

The Nuclear Scissors Mode from Various Aspects

Three methods to describe collective motion, Random Phase Approximation (RPA), Wigner Function Moments (WFM) and the Green's Function (GF) method are compared in detail and their physical content analyzed on an example of a simple model, the harmonic oscillator with quadrupole--quadrupole residual interaction. It is shown that they give identical formulae for eigenfrequencies and transition probabilities of all collective excitations of the model, including the scissors mode, which is the subject of our special attention. The exact relation between the RPA and WFM variables and the respective dynamical equations is established. The transformation of the RPA spectrum into the one of WFM is explained. The very close connection of the WFM method with the GF one is demonstrated. The normalization factor of the ``synthetic'' scissors state and its overlap with physical states are calculated analytically. The orthogonality of the spurious state to all physical states is proved rigorously. A differential equation describing the current lines of RPA modes is established and the current lines of the scissors mode analyzed as a superposition of rotational and irrotational components.Comment: 52 pages, 2 figure