Da deriva nacionalista de direita no século XXI: o caso da HUNGRIA no contexto do Grupo de Visegrado

Entre os países do Grupo de Visegrado, a Hungria tem sido apresentada como o caso mais “dramático”, aquele onde os partidos de direita nacionalista têm maior expressão eleitoral e parlamentar. Neste sentido, comparando este país com a Eslováquia, a Polónia e a República Checa e numa perspetiva atitudinal, a presente investigação visou responder à seguinte questão: que fatores explicam as semelhanças e as diferenças entre o voto nos partidos políticos de direita nacionalista na Hungria e nos restantes países do Grupo de Visegrado? Por forma a enquadrar esta pergunta foram feitas duas análises descritivas e contextuais. Com recurso a dados de desproporcionalidade do sistema eleitoral, fragmentação partidária, volatilidade eleitoral e polarização ideológica, concluímos que é na Hungria que o sistema eleitoral é mais desproporcional e o sistema partidário mais institucionalizado, favorecendo a ascensão dos grandes partidos. Tendo por base as sete rondas do European Social Survey (ESS), aferimos que as atitudes nacionalistas, conservadoras, autoritárias e favoráveis a um Estado social nacional são uma realidade nos países do V4. Para responder, diretamente, à questão de partida, foi feita uma análise multivariada, com base nas rondas 5, 6 e 7 do ESS. O presente estudo revela que são o nacionalismo introvertido, a xenofobia e a religiosidade que explicam as semelhanças entre o voto nos partidos políticos de direita nacionalista na Hungria e nos restantes países do V4. No que diz respeito às diferenças, são o nacionalismo étnico e propensão para um Estado forte que singularizam o voto no Fidesz-KDNP ou no Jobbik.Among the Visegrad Group’s countries, Hungary has been said to be the most “dramatic” case, in which the right-wing nationalist parties have more electoral and parliamentary weight. Thus, comparing this country with Slovakia, Poland and Czech Republic in an atitudinal perspective, the aim of this investigation was to answer the following question: which factors explain the similarities and differences between the vote in right wing political parties in Hungary and the other countries in the Visegrad Group? Two descriptive and contextual analyses were made to frame this question. Using electoral system disproportionality, party system fragmentation, electoral volatility and ideological polarisation data, we concluded that Hungary has the most disproportional electoral system and its party system is the most institutionalised, favouring the rise of the biggest parties. Based on European Social Survey (ESS) seven rounds, we concluded that the nationalist, conservative, authoritarian and favourable to a social national State attitudes are a reality in the V4 countries. To answer the research question, we conducted a multivariate analysis, based on the 5th, 6th and 7th rounds of the ESS. This study reveals that introverted nationalism, xenophobia and religiosity explain the similarities between the voting among the right wing nationalist parties in Hungary and in the other V4 countries. In what concerns the differences, ethnical nationalism and the tendency to a strong State led to the singular vote in Fidesz-KDNP or Jobbik

Migration communication campaigns : the state of the practice and an open database

Published online: 23 February 2024-- Every year governments, international organisations, and civil society associations produce communications campaigns designed to affect numerous facets of migration. -- Despite their increasing ubiquity, resources, and—possibly—impact, as well as their profound scientific relevance, such campaigns remain understudied, and existing practice and research is disjointed across various sectors and disciplines. -- As such, policymakers wishing to design migration communication campaigns (MCCs) have no central pool of experience or expertise to draw upon. -- This report takes three steps to overcoming this shortcoming by proposing and starting a unified, interdisciplinary practitioner and research agenda on migration communication campaigns (MCCs). -- We, first, overview the increased substantive importance and scientific interest of MCCs and outline six themes of research and a typology of MCCs. -- We then present our open-access, collaborative database of 301 migration communication campaigns conducted in Europe between 2012 and 2022. -- The Migration Campaigns Database (MCD) codes each campaign according to the following—theoreticallyjustified—variables: -- I. Demographics (“when, where, by and for whom?”): time, location, platform, subject actor (institution or person) and impact assessment -- II. Objective (“why?”): type, object of change, specific objective, and target audience of the campaign -- III. Substantive content (“what?”): topic and subject of interest -- IV. Message (“how?”): strategies, values, and emotions -- We provide initial analyses of how the above factors vary amongst the MCCs, as well as example observations. Findings include that the values-basis of the appeals are most commonly “universalism” and then “stimulation” while the most common emotional appeal is “sadness” (in both cases, contra the recommendations of Dennison, 2020 and 2023b, respectively). -- Finally, we argue that the MCD provides practical understanding of MCCs to practitioners and an opportunity to begin more systematic research in this field. -- We invite ongoing submission of all types of MCCs globally to create a bridge between communities of academics, policymakers, and communicators by filling a dedicated form online (https://tinyurl.com/4t78hn23). -- The live MCD can be found at: https://migrationpolicycentre.eu/the-migration-campaigns-dataset-4

Migration Communication Campaigns Database

1 data file, 1 documentation filesThe Migration Communication Campaigns Database is an interactive and open source database with 301 migration communication campaigns conducted across Europe between 2012 and 2022. The database allows users to analyse and explore migration campaigns by demographics, objectives, content, and strategy. The database is a useful too to explore, inform, and improve migration communication.Data sources: Migration Communication Campaigns that are available and accessible online in 32 countries in the European Union, the European Free Trade Association, and the United Kingdom between 2012 and 2022

Abordagens atuais no manejo da dor aguda: da farmacoterapia convencional às abordagens terapêuticas inovadoras

A dor aguda é um problema comum na prática clínica, com implicações significativas para a qualidade de vida do paciente e os cuidados de saúde. Este artigo revisa as abordagens atuais no manejo da dor aguda, com foco na farmacoterapia convencional e nas abordagens terapêuticas inovadoras. A farmacoterapia convencional, incluindo analgésicos opióides e não opióides, continua sendo a base do manejo da dor, apesar de suas limitações conhecidas. As abordagens inovadoras discutidas incluem modulação neural, terapia genética, farmacologia de precisão, terapia baseada em realidade virtual e terapia com canabinóides. Embora essas abordagens ainda estejam em estágios iniciais de desenvolvimento, estudos preliminares sugerem que elas podem oferecer alternativas eficazes à farmacoterapia convencional. No entanto, a importância de uma abordagem individualizada e multidisciplinar para o manejo da dor é enfatizada, dada a complexidade da dor e a variabilidade na resposta ao tratamento

Arbustus unedo essence: morphological and genetic characterization of the strawberry tree of Castelo de Paiva

O medronheiro é um arbusto da região mediterrânica que pode ser encontrada por todo o país. Ao contrário do que verifica na região sul do país, no concelho de Castelo de Paiva é atribuída uma reduzida importância económica a esta espécie. Com o intuito de preservar e potenciar a produção desta espécie e contribuir para a dinamização da economia do concelho, procedeu-se à caracterização morfológica e genética de uma amostra da população de medronheiros de Castelo de Paiva. A caracterização morfológica e genética foi realizada para um total de 10 genótipos. Para tal recolheram-se 70 folhas aleatoriamente em cada árvore. Em 40 folhas mediu-se o comprimento, largura, comprimento do pedúnculo, peso fresco, peso seco e determinou-se a área foliar. Dos caracteres morfológicos analisados, aqueles que se revelaram mais úteis na distinção dos vários genótipos foram: comprimento do pedúnculo, peso fresco e peso seco. As restantes 30 folhas foram utilizadas para a caracterização genética. Esta caracterização foi realizada recorrendo a um marcador de DNA, ISSR. Os 5 primeiros exemplaresutilizados na técnica de ISSR demonstraram-se polimórficos. Os resultados da caracterização genética sugerem que a variabilidade genética na população é média a alta.The strawberry tree is a shrub native in the Mediterranean region and it can be found throughout Portugal. Unlike the case in the southern region of the country, in Castelo de Paiva a minor economic importance is given to this species. In order to preserve, to enhance the production of this species and to contribute to the boosting of the economy of the region, we proceeded to the characterization of a small sample population of this fruit tree of Castelo de Paiva in what concerns to its morphology and genetics. The morphological and genetic characterization was performed for a total of 10 genotypes. For this, 70 leaves were randomly collected from each tree. For 40 leaves, it was measured the length, the width, the peduncle length, the wet weight, the dry weight and determined the leaf area. Of the morphological characteristics analyzed, the ones that proved most useful in distinguishing the various genotypes were: the length peduncle, the wet weight and the dry weight. The remaining 30 leaves were used in the genetic characterization. This characterization was performed using a DNA marker, the ISSR. The 5 primers used in the ISSR technique proved to be polymorphic. The results from the genetic characterization suggest that variability in population genetics is medium to high

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost