Distribución del ingreso en Argentina

Uno de los objetivos centrales de toda sociedad es la equidad. Económicamente, ese objetivo se traduce en una asignación equitativa de bienes y servicios. Como es sabido, en nuestro país el análisis de la distribución del ingreso se ha concentrado crecientemente, desde mediados de la década del setenta, en la denominada distribución personal, desplazando así a la, por entonces más usual, distribución funcional del ingreso, esto es, aquella asociada a los servicios de los factores productivos o, dicho en otros términos, a la propiedad de la fuerza de trabajo, por un lado, y de los medios de producción, por el otro. Las cuestiones distributivas ocupan hoy un lugar importante en el debate económico y social en Argentina. Este trabajo presenta un análisis abarcativo del problema de la distribución del ingreso en Argentina(a partir de los años 90´). Y muestra la evolución de dicha variable en la Provincia de Mendoza

La plataforma "Aprendo en casa" en el aprendizaje del área de matemática en los estudiantes de la I.E. Nº 2085 San Agustín 2021

La presente tesis titulada "Aprendo en casa" en el aprendizaje del área de matemática en los estudiantes de la I.E. Nº 2085 San Agustín, tiene como objetivo determinar la influencia de la plataforma "Aprendo en casa” en el aprendizaje del área de matemática de los alumnos de la I.E. Nº 2085 San Agustín, 2021. El diseño de investigación es de tipo pre experimental con una muestra de 29 estudiantes del1er grado “A” de primaria. El instrumento fue un examen, consta de 16 ítems. Los resultados mostraron que el pretest la mayoría de estudiantes se encontraban en inicio 27,6% y un 72,4 % en proceso, después de la aplicación del `programa de sesiones, en el postest se logró un 100%. Concluyendo que la aplicación de sesiones mejora significativamente en la unidad de investigación aplicada, corroborando por la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon, cuyos resultados arrojaron p= 0.000 menos que 0.05 y z -4,807b, por ende, se rechaza la hipótesis nula y se acepta la hipótesis alterna

Optimization of Verapamil Drug Analysis by Excitation-Emission Fluorescence in Combination with Second-order Multivariate Calibration

Abstract Excitation emission fluorescence matrices (EEMs) of Verapamil drug were obtained by direct and by derivatization fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths were displaced to longer wavelengths and the fluorescence intensity was enhanced upon derivation with respect to the native fluorescence of the drug. The complete EEM of the native fluorescence of the drug and of the derivatization product were rapidly acquired by using a charged-coupled device detector (CCD), which is advantageous in terms of speed in the analysis, with respect to the use of a conventional photomultiplier detector. The EEMs were analyzed by several second-order multivariate calibration methods exploiting the second order advantage. The three-dimensional decomposition methods used, based in different assumptions about the trilinearity of the three way data structure under analysis, were parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), bilinear least squares (BLLS), parallel factor analysis 2 (PARAFAC2) and multivariate curve resolution—alternating least squares (MCR-ALS). The determination was performed by using the standard addition approach. The figures of merit of the PARAFAC and BLLS methods were calculated, obtaining a lower limit of detection with the derivatization procedure, when compared with the direct measurement of the fluorescence of the drug. In Verapamil drug the best estimations were found with the BLLS and the MCR-ALS models. In the quantification of Verapamil in a pharmaceutical formulation the best estimation, when compared with the result obtained by the US Pharmacopeia high performance liquid chromatography approach, was obtained by direct fluorescence spectroscopy with MCR-ALS and by derivatization fluorescence spectroscopy with the PARAFAC2 model

Influence of Rotations on the Critical State of Soil Mechanics

The ability of grains to rotate can play a crucial role on the collective behavior of granular media. It has been observed in computer simulations that imposing a torque at the contacts modifies the force chains, making support chains less important. In this work we investigate the effect of a gradual hindering of the grains rotations on the so-called critical state of soil mechanics. The critical state is an asymptotic state independent of the initial solid fraction where deformations occur at a constant shear strength and compactness. We quantify the difficulty to rotate by a friction coefficient at the level of particles, acting like a threshold. We explore the effect of this particle-level friction coefficient on the critical state by means of molecular dynamics simulations of a simple shear test on a poly-disperse sphere packing. We found that the larger the difficulty to rotate, the larger the final shear strength of the sample. Other micro-mechanical variables, like the structural anisotropy and the distribution of forces, are also influenced by the threshold. These results reveal the key role of rotations on the critical behavior of soils and suggest the inclusion of rotational variables into their constitutive equations.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, Accepted for publication in Computer Physics Communication

On the use of wind profiles to assess surface boundary-layer parameters

Wind profiles measured at the research platform FINO1 are used to retrieve surface boundary-layer parameters, namely, the friction velocity, heat flux, and Obukhov length. The latter is used to assess atmospheric stability. Two different retrieval algorithms, the 2D parametric solver [1] and the Hybrid-Wind method [2], are compared with reference to sonic-anemometers retrievals. Regarding atmospheric stability classification, the 2D algorithm provided better performance than the Hybrid-Wind method. When comparing the 2D-estimated (HW-estimated) friction velocity to the anemometers’ reference, a determination coefficient of ρ 2 = 0.70 (ρ 2 = 0.00) were obtained.This research is part of the project PID2021-126436OB-C21 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigacion (MCIN)/ Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)/ 10.13039/501100011033 y FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”. The work of M.P Araujo da Silva was supported under Grant PRE2018-086054 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”. The work of A. Salcedo Bosch was supported under grant 2020 FISDU 00455 funded by Generalitat de Catalunya—AGAUR. The European Commission collaborated under projects H2020 ATMO-ACCESS (GA-101008004) and H2020 ACTRISIMP (GA-871115). Data was made available by the FINO (Forschungsplattformen in Nord- und Ostsee) initiative, which was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) on the basis of a decision by the German Bundestag, organised by the Projekttraeger Juelich (PTJ) and coordinated by the German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH).Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Retrieving Monin-Obukhov dimensionless wind shear and stability from floating lidar observations

Floating-lidar-derived wind profiles are used to retrieve the vertical wind speed gradient, dimensionless wind shear, and dimensionless stability using Monin-Obukhov similarity theory (MOST) in the context of IJmuiden campaign. Reference retrievals are obtained by applying the same methodology to metmast-derived wind profiles. Wind gradient estimates from floating lidar measurements are successfully compared to those from the reference metmast at three different heights, yielding coefficients of determination higher than ρ 2 = 0.83. MOST flux relationships are also re-encountered when representing the dimensionless wind shear estimates as a function of dimensionless stability.This research is part of the project PID2021-126436OB-C21 funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigacion (MCIN)/ Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI)/ 10.13039/501100011033 y FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”. The work of M.P Araujo da Silva was supported under Grant PRE2018-086054 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”. The work of A. Salcedo Bosch was supported under grant 2020 FISDU 00455 funded by Generalitat de Catalunya—AGAUR. The European Commission collaborated under projects H2020 ACTRIS-IMP (GA-871115) and H2020 ATMO-ACCESS (GA-101008004).Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Linking vegetation and soil functions during secondary forest succession in the Atlantic forest

Secondary forest succession can be an effective and low-cost strategy to increase forest cover and the associated biodiversity and soil functions. However, little is known about how soil functions develop during succession, and how vegetation attributes influence soil functions, especially in highly biodiverse and fragmented landscapes in the tropics. Here we assessed a wide range of indicators of taxonomic (e.g. number of tree species), structural (e.g. basal area, canopy openness) and functional diversity (e.g. community weighted means of functional traits) of tree species, as well as indicators for soil functions related to soil organic matter accumulation, nutrient cycling and soil cover in secondary forest patches ranging from 5 to 80 years. Two recently abandoned agricultural fields were included as the starting point of forest succession and two primary forest patches served as references for the end point of forest succession. Four ecological hypotheses, centred around the role of functional diversity, structural diversity and biomass, were tested to explore mechanisms in which forest vegetation may influence soil functions. Most measures of structural, taxonomic and functional diversity converged to values found in primary forests after 25–50 years of succession, whereas functional composition changed from acquisitive to conservative species. Soil carbon and nutrient cycling showed a quick recovery to the levels of primary forests after 15 years of succession. Although soil cover also increased during succession, levels of primary forests were not reached within 80 years. Variation in tree height and trait dominance were identified as aboveground drivers of carbon and nutrient cycling, while aboveground biomass was the main driver of litter accumulation, and the associated soil cover and water retention. Our results indicate that secondary forest succession can lead to a relative fast recovery of nutrient and carbon cycling functions, but not of soil cover. Our findings highlight the essential role of secondary forests in providing multiple ecosystem services. These results can be used to inform management and reforestation programmes targeted at strengthening soil functions, such as soil cover, nutrient and carbon cycling.Previo

Assessing Obukhov length and friction velocity from floating lidar observations: A data screening and sensitivity computation approach

This work presents a parametric-solver algorithm for estimating atmospheric stability and friction velocity from floating Doppler wind lidar (FDWL) observations close to the mast of IJmuiden in the North Sea. The focus of the study was two-fold: (i) to examine the sensitivity of the computational algorithm to the retrieved variables and derived stability classes (the latter through confusion-matrix theory), and (ii) to present data screening procedures for FDWLs and fixed reference instrumentation. The performance of the stability estimation algorithm was assessed with reference to wind speed and temperature observations from the mast. A fixed-to-mast Doppler wind lidar (DWL) was also available, which provides a reference for wind-speed observations free from sea-motion perturbations. When comparing FDWL- and mast-derived mean wind speeds, the obtained determination coefficient was as high as that of the fixed-to-mast DWL against the mast (ρ2=0.996) with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.25 m/s. From the 82-day measurement campaign at IJmuiden (10,833 10 min records), the parametric algorithm showed that the atmosphere was neutral (31% of the cases), stable (28%), or near-neutral stable (19%) during most of the campaign. These figures satisfactorily agree with values estimated from the mast measurements (31%, 27%, and 19%, respectively).This research was part of the projects PGC2018-094132-B-I00 and MDM-2016-0600 (Comm- SensLab Excellence Unit) funded by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigación (MCIN)/Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)/10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER. The work of M.P.A.S was supported under grant PRE2018-086054 funded by MCIN/AEU/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE in- vierte en tu futuro”. The work of A.S-B was supported by grant 2020 FISDU 00455 funded by Generalitat de Catalunya—AGAUR. The European Commission collaborated under projects H2020 ACTRIS-IMP (GA-871115) and H2020 ATMO-ACCESS (GA-101008004). The European Institute of Innovation and Technology (EIT), KIC InnoEnergy project NEPTUNE (call FP7), supported the measurement campaigns.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Floating lidar assessment of atmospheric stability in the North Sea

In this work, the 2D parametric-solver algorithm [1] used to assess atmospheric stability from floating Doppler wind lidar (FDWL) measurements is revisited. The algorithm performance is studied using data from IJmuiden campaign. Mast-measured temperature and wind-speed provided the reference parameters used to evaluate the performance of the stability estimation algorithm. From 5,922 10-min samples available, the algorithm classified the atmosphere as stable (52% of the cases), neutral (31%) and unstable (17%), which successfully agreed with the mast-derived reference classification (53%, 30% and 17%, respectively).This research is part of the projects PGC2018-094132-B-I00 and MDM2016-0600 (“CommSensLab” Excellence Unit) funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Investigación (MCIN)/ Agencia Estatal de Investigación (AEI)/10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”. The work of M.P Araujo da Silva was supported under Grant PRE2018-086054 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and FSE “El FSE invierte en tu futuro”. The work of A. Salcedo-Bosch was supported under grant 2020 FISDU 00455 funded by Generalitat de Catalunya—AGAUR. The European Commission collaborated under projects H2020 ACTRIS-IMP (GA-871115) and H2020 ATMO-ACCESS (GA-101008004).Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

Toy Model for Pion Production in Nucleon-Nucleon Collisions

We develop a toy model of pion production in nucleon-nucleon collisions that reproduces some of the features of the chiral Lagrangian calculations. We calculate the production amplitude and examine some common approximations.Comment: 9 pages, 3 figure