Characterizing the Chemistry of the Milky Way Stellar Halo: Detailed Chemical Analysis of a Metal-Poor Stellar Stream

We present the results of a detailed abundance analysis of one of the confirmed building blocks of the Milky Way stellar halo, a kinematically-coherent metal-poor stellar stream. We have obtained high resolution and high S/N spectra of 12 probable stream members using the MIKE spectrograph on the Magellan-Clay Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory and the 2dCoude spectrograph on the Smith Telescope at McDonald Observatory. We have derived abundances or upper limits for 51 species of 46 elements in each of these stars. The stream members show a range of metallicity (-3.4 < [Fe/H] < -1.5) but are otherwise chemically homogeneous, with the same star-to-star dispersion in [X/Fe] as the rest of the halo. This implies that, in principle, a significant fraction of the Milky Way stellar halo could have formed from accreted systems like the stream. The stream stars show minimal evolution in the alpha or Fe-group elements over the range of metallicity. This stream is enriched with material produced by the main and weak components of the rapid neutron-capture process and shows no evidence for enrichment by the slow neutron-capture process.Comment: v2: Removed references to M15 after learning that the source kinematic data for M15 were incorrect in an earlier paper. M15 is not related to this stream. (ApJ, accepted; 31 pages, 18 figures, 11 tables

First narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves from known pulsars in advanced detector data

Spinning neutron stars asymmetric with respect to their rotation axis are potential sources of continuous gravitational waves for ground-based interferometric detectors. In the case of known pulsars a fully coherent search, based on matched filtering, which uses the position and rotational parameters obtained from electromagnetic observations, can be carried out. Matched filtering maximizes the signalto- noise (SNR) ratio, but a large sensitivity loss is expected in case of even a very small mismatch between the assumed and the true signal parameters. For this reason, narrow-band analysis methods have been developed, allowing a fully coherent search for gravitational waves from known pulsars over a fraction of a hertz and several spin-down values. In this paper we describe a narrow-band search of 11 pulsars using data from Advanced LIGO’s first observing run. Although we have found several initial outliers, further studies show no significant evidence for the presence of a gravitational wave signal. Finally, we have placed upper limits on the signal strain amplitude lower than the spin-down limit for 5 of the 11 targets over the bands searched; in the case of J1813-1749 the spin-down limit has been beaten for the first time. For an additional 3 targets, the median upper limit across the search bands is below the spin-down limit. This is the most sensitive narrow-band search for continuous gravitational waves carried out so far

Expanding the knowledge about Leishmania species in wild mammals and dogs in the Brazilian savannah

Background: Wild, synanthropic and domestic mammals act as hosts and/or reservoirs of several Leishmania spp. Studies on possible reservoirs of Leishmania in different areas are fundamental to understand host-parasite interactions and develop strategies for the surveillance and control of leishmaniasis. In the present study, we evaluated the Leishmania spp. occurrence in mammals in two conservation units and their surroundings in Brasília, Federal District (FD), Brazil. Methods: Small mammals were captured in Brasília National Park (BNP) and Contagem Biological Reserve (CBR) and dogs were sampled in residential areas in their vicinity. Skin and blood samples were evaluated by PCR using different molecular markers (D7 24Sα rRNA and rDNA ITS1). Leishmania species were identified by sequencing of PCR products. Dog blood samples were subjected to the rapid immunochromatographic test (DPP) for detection of anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies. Results: 179 wild mammals were studied and 20.1% had Leishmania DNA successfully detected in at least one sample. Six mammal species were considered infected: Clyomys laticeps, Necromys lasiurus, Nectomys rattus, Rhipidomys macrurus, Didelphis albiventris and Gracilinanus agilis. No significant difference, comparing the proportion of individuals with Leishmania spp., was observed between the sampled areas and wild mammal species. Most of the positive samples were collected from the rodent N. lasiurus, infected by L. amazonensis or L. braziliensis. Moreover, infections by Trypanosoma spp. were detected in N. lasiurus and G. agilis. All 19 dog samples were positive by DPP; however, only three (15.8%) were confirmed by PCR assays. DNA sequences of ITS1 dog amplicons showed 100% identity with L. infantum sequence. Conclusions: The results suggest the participation of six species of wild mammals in the enzootic transmission of Leishmania spp. in FD. This is the first report of L. amazonensis in N. lasiurus

ACIDENTE DURANTE A MODELAGEM INJETANDO HIPOCLORITO DE SÓDIO NOS TECIDOS PERIAPICAIS – RELATO DE CASO

A irrigação dos canais radiculares se inicia na fase da abertura coronária e se estende durante toda etapa da instrumentação, onde o agente irrigador é geralmente o hipoclorito de sódio que é aplicado dentro do canal utilizando-se uma seringa e uma cânula. Ela deve ser executada mantendo-se um trajeto de refluxo entre a cânula de irrigação e o canal radicular. Se muito afastada da região apical compromete a limpeza dessa área, e se muito próxima eliminará o trajeto de refluxo. Foi produzido um vídeo como componente de avaliação para a disciplina de Prevenção Terapêutica Polpa Dentária II com o intuito de tornar mais didática a forma de aprendizado, relatando um acidente na irrigação ocorrido em uma situação de um consultório. Durante a irrigação dos canais radiculares acidentes podem ocorrer atrapalhando a execução do tratamento, dentre eles destaca-se a injeção de líquido no tecido periapical, pois apesar das suas ações benéficas como dissolver matéria orgânica, o hipoclorito de sódio quando infiltrado sob pressão promove um efeito tóxico sobre tecidos vitais, ulceração da pele e necrose. Os principais sinais e sintomas são dor severa e edema imediato nos tecidos circunjacentes, hemorragia abundante no canal radicular, equimose e quando a injeção é no seio maxilar há queixa de gosto de cloro e irritação na garganta. A melhor forma de evitar tal acidente é adotar medidas preventivas como uso do isolamento absoluto, colocação de cursores de borracha nas limas e agulhas irrigadoras, além da irrigação lenta. O tratamento é paliativo, a dor pode ser controlada por anestesia local ou analgésicos, aplicação de compressas frias para o edema e bochechos com água morna para estimular a circulação local, além do monitoramento do paciente nos dias seguintes para controle da sua recuperação.  Palavras-chave: Endodontia. Acidentes. Hipoclorito

Evaluation of the Quality of Perinatal Assistance in the Municipality of São Luís-Ma

Women and newborns must receive quality care during the perinatal period. Prenatal care is important for health care, including health promotion, screening, diagnosis, and disease prevention. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of perinatal care in the city of São Luís-MA. A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out with 201 pregnant women in three Health Districts of São Luís-MA, from January to December of 2019. For data collection, the perinatal form, which is attached to the medical records of pregnant and postpartum women, was used. Regarding the data, it was observed that in the age variable, there was a predominance of the age group between 21-34 years (71.64%), with a higher prevalence for 6 appointments performed: 96 (75.00%) (p = 0.31). Regarding marital status, 82.59% were married, with a higher prevalence for 6 appointments performed: 106 (82.81%) (p=0.91). As for education, high school predominated (68.18%) and with a higher prevalence for 6 appointments performed: 92 (71.88%) (p=0.28). 83.08% did not plan the pregnancy, with a higher prevalence for 6 appointments performed: 103 (80.47%) (p = 0.19). As for the beginning of prenatal care, 85.07% in a timely manner, with a higher prevalence for 6 appointments performed: 122 (95.31%) (p=0.00). 90.55% were immunized, with a higher prevalence for 6 appointments performed: 124 (96.88%) (p=0.00). Only 5.47% had a postpartum appointment, with statistical significance (p≤ 0.10). The study allowed us to observe that some indicators are satisfactory, such as immunization and timely start of prenatal care. As for unsatisfactory indicators, there is the puerperal appointment, the values of which ​​are below the recommended. Keywords: Quality of Assistance. Perinatal Assistance. Primary Care. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-22-04 Publication date: November 30th 2021

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

GW170104: Observation of a 50-Solar-Mass Binary Black Hole Coalescence at Redshift 0.2

We describe the observation of GW170104, a gravitational-wave signal produced by the coalescence of a pair of stellar-mass black holes. The signal was measured on January 4, 2017 at 10: 11: 58.6 UTC by the twin advanced detectors of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory during their second observing run, with a network signal-to-noise ratio of 13 and a false alarm rate less than 1 in 70 000 years. The inferred component black hole masses are 31.2(-6.0)(+8.4)M-circle dot and 19.4(-5.9)(+5.3)M(circle dot) (at the 90% credible level). The black hole spins are best constrained through measurement of the effective inspiral spin parameter, a mass-weighted combination of the spin components perpendicular to the orbital plane, chi(eff) = -0.12(-0.30)(+0.21) . This result implies that spin configurations with both component spins positively aligned with the orbital angular momentum are disfavored. The source luminosity distance is 880(-390)(+450) Mpc corresponding to a redshift of z = 0.18(-0.07)(+0.08) . We constrain the magnitude of modifications to the gravitational-wave dispersion relation and perform null tests of general relativity. Assuming that gravitons are dispersed in vacuum like massive particles, we bound the graviton mass to m(g) &lt;= 7.7 x 10(-23) eV/c(2). In all cases, we find that GW170104 is consistent with general relativity