Towards a Generic Trace for Rule Based Constraint Reasoning

CHR is a very versatile programming language that allows programmers to declaratively specify constraint solvers. An important part of the development of such solvers is in their testing and debugging phases. Current CHR implementations support those phases by offering tracing facilities with limited information. In this report, we propose a new trace for CHR which contains enough information to analyze any aspects of \CHRv\ execution at some useful abstract level, common to several implementations. %a large family of rule based solvers. This approach is based on the idea of generic trace. Such a trace is formally defined as an extension of the $\omega_r^\lor$ semantics of CHR. We show that it can be derived form the SWI Prolog CHR trace

Pensée géosystémique orientale (voix et réverbération)

Teorias genuínas que, em tom holístico, votam-se à dinâmica e ao arranjo paisagísticos, apareceram no pensamento de autores alemães. Mas antes que (poucos anos à frente) recebessem o tratamento que viria a instituir epicentros franceses, são apropriadas pela ótica soviética. Há, portanto, uma versão teórica precedente ao insight antropocêntrico francês. E é essa versão oriental que consolidará o conceito de geossistema, firmando-o como instrumento prioritariamente operacional. Viktor Sochava, atuando desde o Instituto de Geografia de Irkutsk (leste siberiano), produz textos notáveis a respeito – publicações que o ocidente teve acesso graças ao periódico Soviet Geography (no qual fomos buscar registros). Contudo, por contingência de privação bibliográfica, a maioria dos pesquisadores brasileiros conhece apenas um texto de Sochava (aliás, feliz tradução de Carlos A. de F. Monteiro, editada em 1977). Destacaremos o pensamento deste que é um dos autores mais referidos em se tratando da teoria geossistêmica; mencionando, em seguida, o pensamento seu sucessor. Exemplificado pelo nome Beroutchachvili, o pensamento herdeiro de Sochava autoriza-nos a falar em escola soviética dos geossistemas – escola que, atrelada às circunstâncias geopolíticas, foi compelida à teorização fundamentalmente naturalista e com fins pragmáticos. Este artigo talvez reduza a rarefação de documentos que, em língua portuguesa, historiografem a Geografia russa. __________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉThéories génuines qui, dans un accent holistique, se dédient à la dynamique et à l’arrangement paysager, sont apparues chez la pensée d’auteurs allemands. Mais ces théories avant recevoir (peu d’années après) le traitement, lequel instaurerait des épicentres français, sont saisies par l’optique soviétique. Il y a donc une version précédente de l’intuition anthropocentrique française. Cette version orientale c’est juste celle qui consolidera le concept de géosystème, en lui établissant en tant qu’outil spécialement opérationnel. Viktor Sochava, en effectuant ses études auprès de l’Institut de Géographie de Irkutsk (dans l’est sibérien), a produit des textes remarquables à propos – des publications que l’occident a eu accès grâce à la revue Soviet Geography (dans laquelle nous les avons trouvé). Cependant, à cause de la contingence d’un défaut bibliographique, la plupart des géographes brésiliens ne connaissent qu’un seul article de Sochava (d’ailleurs, une traduction très bienvenue de Carlos A. de F. Monteiro, parue en 1977). Nous détacherons la pensée de ce qui est un auteur de référence en ce qui concerne la théorie géosystémique; en mentionnant, ensuite, la pensée qui lui succède. Exemplifiée par le nom Beroutchachvili, la pensée héritière de Sochava nous autorise à parler d’une “école soviétique” des géosystèmes – celle qui, attelée aux circonstances géopolitiques, a été entraînée vers une théorisation dont la pierre angulaire et le but étaient, respectivement, naturaliste et pragmatique. Peut-être cet article-là pourra amenuiser la raréfaction des documents qui, en langue portugaise, historiographent la Géographie russe

ASPECTOS DO PROJETO POLÍTICO PEDAGÓGICO INSTITUCIONAL NAS UNIVERSIDADES FEDERAIS BRASILEIRAS

A autonomia universitária é principio fundamental para o crescimento e desenvolvimento da educação superior brasileira, não só pela liberdade de crítica, mas também pelo aspecto da racionalidade do uso dos recursos, instrumento básico da liberdade acadêmica. Compreendendo autonomia como a possibilidade e a capacidade da instituição de elaborar e implementar um projeto político pedagógico que seja relevante à comunidade e à sociedade a que serve, coloca-se esse tema como relevante no que diz respeito ao compromisso social dessas instituições. Assim, o presente trabalho apresenta um breve apanhado teórico sobre o tema “projeto político pedagógico” e relata o resultado de uma pesquisa que objetiva demonstrar o nível de conhecimento sobre o assunto nas Universidades Federais brasileiras

Atomic-scale grain boundary engineering to overcome hot-cracking in additively-manufactured superalloys

There are still debates regarding the mechanisms that lead to hot cracking in parts build by additive manufacturing (AM) of non-weldable Ni-based superalloys. This lack of in-depth understanding of the root causes of hot cracking is an impediment to designing engineering parts for safety-critical applications. Here, we deploy a near-atomic-scale approach to investigate the details of the compositional decoration of grain boundaries in the coarse-grained, columnar microstructure in parts built from a non-weldable Ni-based superalloy by selective electron-beam melting. The progressive enrichment in Cr, Mo and B at grain boundaries over the course of the AM-typical successive solidification and remelting events, accompanied by solid-state diffusion, causes grain boundary segregation induced liquation. This observation is consistent with thermodynamic calculations. We demonstrate that by adjusting build parameters to obtain a fine-grained equiaxed or a columnar microstructure with grain width smaller than 100 $\mu$m enables to avoid cracking, despite strong grain boundary segregation. We find that the spread of critical solutes to a higher total interfacial area, combined with lower thermal stresses, helps to suppress interfacial liquation.Comment: Accepted version at Acta Materiali

Water quality and water-use conflicts in Lake Taabo (Ivory Coast)

The Lake Taabo (Ivory Coast, Africa) results of the construction of the Taabo dam on the Ban- dama River. The changes in the water level of the 69-km² lake depend on 1) the rainfall linked to alternating dry/wet seasons; 2) the extraction of water for human uses; 3) the discharge of water from the upstream dam and the volumes tur- bined by the Kossou dam; 4) the various an- thropic effects (discharge of untreated waste water from towns and industries, and leaching from agricultural land). The average concentra- tions of nutrients (NH4-N: 1.1 mg/L, NO3-N: 1.62 mg/L, PO4-P: 10 mg/L, SiO2: 15 mg/L) and chlo- rophyll a (from 4.8 to 16.5 μg/L, average 11.4 μg/L) indicates some degree of eutrophication. The cumulated effects that threaten the ecosys- tem (degradation of water quality and eutrophi- cation) are such that they are likely to interfere with various water uses. In a context of growing health and environmental concerns in Africa, this study demonstrates conflicts between dif- ferent uses of this water resource and the urgent need for an appropriate policy including specific monitoring of lake water quality, wastewater control, and a programme to reduce agricultural fertilizers

Laser Action in dye-infused biological tissue

The narrowing of the spectral linewidth and the increasing of the peak intensity characteristic of laser action was observed in emission spectra of dye-infused biological tissues. The fresh tissue was infused with a solution of Rhodamine 640 perchlorate in ethanol and then excited with frequency-doubled Q-switched Nd:YAG laser pulses. The sharp spectral peaks of laser action in tissues may find applications in detection of superficial disease

DISCUSSION ON THE COMPOSITION AND TRANSPORT COEFFICIENTS CALCULATION MADE IN PLASMA OUT OF EQUILIBRIUM

International audienceIn this paper, the composition calculation in plasma out of thermal equilibrium is discussed and we test the viscosity formulations of Wilke, Gupta et al, Chapman Enskog and Sutherland in air plasma out of thermal equilibrium. Finally we applied the formulations to Fire II reentry

How a plantar pressure-based, tongue-placed tactile biofeedback modifies postural control mechanisms during quiet standing

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of a plantar pressure-based, tongue-placed tactile biofeedback on postural control mechanisms during quiet standing. To this aim, sixteen young healthy adults were asked to stand as immobile as possible with their eyes closed in two conditions of No-biofeedback and Biofeedback. Centre of foot pressure (CoP) displacements, recorded using a force platform, were used to compute the horizontal displacements of the vertical projection the centre of gravity (CoGh) and those of the difference between the CoP and the vertical projection of the CoG (CoP-CoGv). Altogether, the present findings suggest that the main way the plantar pressure-based, tongue-placed tactile biofeedback improves postural control during quiet standing is via both a reduction of the correction thresholds and an increased efficiency of the corrective mechanism involving the CoGh displacements

L'espace public ou l'incontournable spatialité de la politique

National audienceDans son acception classique, dite républicaine, l'espace public traverse une crise dont beaucoup pensent qu'il ne se remettra pas. Menacé aussi dans ses manifestations matérielles par la violence, l'insécurité et les divers communautarismes ou replis sur soi, l'espace public ne semble plus pouvoir répondre aux attentes dont il avait fait l'objet par l'intermédiaire de l'aménagement. L'ouvrage prend le contre-pied de ces interprétations en montrant que la préoccupation pour l'espace public demeure essentielle. Une approche nouvelle est proposée ici, qui associe étroitement trois composantes : la matérialité, la politique, l'action. L'espace public mis à l'épreuve des grands enjeux contemporains permet de parler tout autant de régressions que d'émergences