Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation - An increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity

Aboriginal Australians represent one of the oldest continuous cultures outside Africa, with evidence indicating that their ancestors arrived in the ancient landmass of Sahul (present-day New Guinea and Australia) ∼55 thousand years ago. Genetic studies, though limited, have demonstrated both the uniqueness and antiquity of Aboriginal Australian genomes. We have further resolved known Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial haplogroups and discovered novel indigenous lineages by sequencing the mitogenomes of 127 contemporary Aboriginal Australians. In particular, the more common haplogroups observed in our dataset included M42a, M42c, S, P5 and P12, followed by rarer haplogroups M15, M16, N13, O, P3, P6 and P8. We propose some major phylogenetic rearrangements, such as in haplogroup P where we delinked P4a and P4b and redefined them as P4 (New Guinean) and P11 (Australian), respectively. Haplogroup P2b was identified as a novel clade potentially restricted to Torres Strait Islanders. Nearly all Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial haplogroups detected appear to be ancient, with no evidence of later introgression during the Holocene. Our findings greatly increase knowledge about the geographic distribution and phylogenetic structure of mitochondrial lineages that have survived in contemporary descendants of Australia's first settlers. © The Author(s) 2017

Detecção Precoce do Câncer Infantil em Foz do Iguaçu, PR

Contexto: o câncer infantil pode ser definido como alterações no DNA das células que se não diagnosticado precocemente pode modificar de forma bruta o dia a dia da criança, podendo futuramente levar a óbito. Objetivo: orientar profissionais da saúde e da educação sobre a identificação precoce dos sinais e sintomas do câncer infantil. Método: este projeto foi desenvolvido em parceria com a Secretaria de Saúde de Foz do Iguaçu, PR, com ações iniciadas no PARANÁ EM AÇÃO. Resultados: o diagnóstico precoce do câncer infantil têm importante papel na redução de mortalidade e morbidade do tratamento. O melhor entendimento da sociedade perante o tema está ligado as novas estratégias disponibilizadas por servidores da saúde pública, para que a detecção precoce do câncer infantil se faça eficaz

Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) a new established species in the Southwestern Atlantic

Trypauchen vagina (Bloch & Schneider, 1801) is a goby that lives burrowed into the substrata feeding on small invertebrates. It is native to the Indo-pacific region, ranging from Kuwait to China. Recently, this fish has been reported outside the original range of distribution, being found in the Mediterranean Sea, and more recently in the northeastern Brazilian coast. The Mediterranean reports are usually associated with Lessepsian migration, while the reports from Brazil are possibly related to ballast water transportation. In the present work, we provide eight new records from southeastern Brazilian coast, all made in São Paulo state, far from the first record. These additional records raised concern since the presence of an alien species could implicate in environmental and economic losses. Thus, we decide to model the environmental suitability for this goby in the Brazilian coast, specially focusing on major ports, usually places with high ballast water propagule pressure. In addition, an analysis of the suitability in the Red Sea was also made, to verify the hypothesis of Lessepsian migration. The results revealed that temperature and primary productivity are among the most important parameters for the presence of T. vagina, also indicating a high environmental suitability for this species in the Red Sea and Brazilian coast, especially in southeastern region, where the new records were made. Due to the number of collected individuals, it is hard to affirm that this taxon presents a self-sustaining population in Brazilian waters, but the several registers, in different locations and different life stages point to an establishment of the species in this new region. This population status allied with a high environmental suitability is alarming and should motivate new studies concerning T. vagina in Brazilian waters.Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Museum of Zoology of the University of São PauloLaboratory of Fish Diversity Ecology and Evolution (DEEP Lab) Oceanographic Institute of the University of São PauloGraduate Program in Sustainability of Coastal and Marine Ecosystems at Santa Cecília UniversityZoological Collection of the Santa Cecília UniversityNational Institute of Biodiversity Science and Technology and Sustainable Use of Neotropical FishBiology Institute (INBIO) Laboratório de Ecologia de Ecossistemas Aquáticos (LEEA) Federal University of Uberlândia (UFU)Departamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais / Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP -Campus de São VicenteDepartamento de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais / Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP -Campus de São VicenteCAPES: CAPES# 88887.510015/2020-00CNPq: CNPq #151038/2022-8FAPESP: FAPESP #2022/14954-