257 research outputs found

    MAS-MoM Hybrid Method with Wire\u27s Image using in Excitation Problems

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    An important class of problems is the interaction of an antenna with the cavity of a semi-open metallic structure. In a working environment, an antenna may change its performance due to interactions with its surroundings. This is especially true in automotive applications. Therefore, it is important to consider the interaction of an antenna with possible resonating parts, and to solve these complex electrodynamics problems together. The development of methods for modeling and studying electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) problems has practical value. The method of auxiliary sources (MAS) with the method of moments (MoM) is applied to solve the excitation problem where a wire, with voltage source excitation, is connected to an open metallic surface. For verification of the proposed algorithm, an experimental structure was built and measured. Computer modeling results and the experimental results are in good agreement. Some aspects and principles are described, which provide hybridization of MAS and MoM. Image of objects is effectively applied for the solution of the particular problem

    The Method of Auxiliary Sources as an Efficient Numerical Technique for Large 3D Semi Open Structures

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    The method of auxiliary sources (MAS) has been demonstrated as suitable for solution of diffraction and inverse problems in complex 2D large objects. Based on MAS numerical study of 3D RCS, EMC/EMI and SAR problems, related to the EM field resonance enhancement inside vehicles and the interaction of the cellular telephone radiation with the user\u27\u27s head are given in other work. The objective of this paper is to present details of MAS application to the wide 3D electrodynamic problems. The area of its efficient application, some features and advantages to achieving efficient solutions, are discussed. The extension of the MAS for semi-open structures with partitions is also presented

    Electromagnetic Analysis for Vehicle Antenna Development Using Method of Auxiliary Sources

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    In paper [l] the electromagnetic analysis of large semi-open structures like vehicles was presented formulated as scattering problem, illuminated by a wide range of incident EM fields. The effect of resonances within the semi-open structure on the RCS, near fields and pattem of reradiated fields had been shown. In this paper the interaction of the entire semi-open structure on the performance of an antenna is considered together with the investigation of near field distributions inside the cavity. The Method of Auxiliary Sources (MAS) [2] is utilized. For a simple geometry the results are compared to measurements

    Circulating Concentrations of Vitamin B6 and Kidney Cancer Prognosis: A Prospective Case-Cohort Study

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    Prospective cohort studies have found that prediagnostic circulating vitamin B6 is inversely associated with both risk of kidney cancer and kidney cancer prognosis. We investigated whether circulating concentrations of vitamin B6 at kidney cancer diagnosis are associated with risk of death using a case-cohort study of 630 renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Blood was collected at the time of diagnosis, and vitamin B6 concentrations were quantified using LC-MS/MS. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using Cox regression models. After adjusting for stage, age, and sex, the hazard was 3 times lower among those in the highest compared to the lowest fourth of B6 concentration (HR4vs1 0.33, 95% CI [0.18, 0.60]). This inverse association was solely driven by death from RCC (HR4vs1 0.22, 95% CI [0.11, 0.46]), and not death from other causes (HR4vs1 0.89, 95% CI [0.35, 2.28], p-interaction = 0.008). These results suggest that circulating vitamin B6 could provide additional prognostic information for kidney cancer patients beyond that afforded by tumour stage

    ВзаимодСйствиС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды ΠΈ гСнСтичСского ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² этиологии злокачСствСнных ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ

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    Π•nvironmental and lifestyle factors play a dominant role in etiology of cancer. In addition, genetic factors significantly influence interindividualΒ variation in cancer incidence. The epidemiological studies in which effects of genetic polymorphism on the risk of cancer have beenΒ elucidated are somewhat disappointing. An important problem of these studies is their size. Moreover some of them do not have informationΒ on life-style and environmental exposures.Β The epidemiological method used to investigate the effect of genetic polymorphism on cancer risk is a retrospective case-control study.Β The chance of discovery of the specific Β«frequentΒ» allelic variant which is associated with small increase in the risk is higher in studies includingΒ large numbers of cases and controls.Β This paper reviews the epidemiologic studies conducted in Department of epidemiology (Institute of carcinogenesis, Russian N. N. BlokhinΒ Cancer Research Centre) in cooperation with countries of Central and Eastern Europe (Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovakia) and coordinated byΒ the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). We will cover the studies, in which an attempt has been made to investigate the interactionΒ between polymorphisms of phase 2 xenobiotic metabolism genes (GST), alcohol and aldehyde-metabolizing genes (ADH, ALDH), folate metabolismΒ genes (MTHFR, TYMS) and CHECK2 with environmental and life-style factors in etiology of cancers of the lung, kidney and upper aerodigestive tract.Β The analyses of these studies suggest that genetic polymorphism modifies the effect of environmental exposures (including occupational carcinogens)Β and life-style factors (including tobacco, alcohol and diet) on the risk of cancer. The risk of cancer associated with known carcinogenicΒ exposure may increase or decrease depending on the genotype. Interaction between exposure to carcinogenic factor and genotypeΒ is a major and significant determinant of cancer risk. Spontaneous tumors develop as a result of a combined effect of environmental factorsΒ and genetic polymorphism or endogenous and exogenous factors.Π”ΠΎΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ Π² этиологии злокачСствСнных ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎΒ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ΄ΡƒΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ риск развития Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° опрСдСляСтся гСнСтичСской ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π°ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ. Вопросу влияния гСнСтичСского ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π½Π° риск развития ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ посвящСно мноТСство Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚. Однако ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹Β Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΡ‡Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‚. Π“Π»Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΉ этих исслСдований являСтся нСбольшоС количСство наблюдСни. ΠšΡ€ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ… Π½Π΅ ΡƒΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚Ρ‹Π²Π°Π»Π°ΡΡŒ информация ΠΎ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°Ρ… ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π°Π½Π΄ΠΎΠ².Β ΠœΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ ΡΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π°ΠΉβ€“ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ – основной эпидСмиологичСский ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ изучСния гСнСтичСских Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π° риск развития рака. Для выявлСния часто Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², влияниС ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π° риск Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎ, Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΡ‹ большиС Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³Ρ€ΡƒΠΏΠΏΡ‹. Π’ связи с этим ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΅ исслСдованиС – принятый ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ Π² области молСкулярной эпидСмиологии.Β Π’ настоящСм ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€Π΅ прСдставлСны Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… молСкулярно-эпидСмиологичСских исслСдований, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ эпидСмиологии НИИ ΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ†Π΅Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° РОНЦ ΠΈΠΌ. Н. Н. Π‘Π»ΠΎΡ…ΠΈΠ½Π° совмСстно с ΠΊΠΎΠ»Π»Π΅Π³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠ· стран Π¦Π΅Π½Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ Восточной Π•Π²Ρ€ΠΎΠΏΡ‹Β (ВСнгрия, Польша, Румыния, Бловакия). ИсслСдованиС ΠΊΠΎΠΎΡ€Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΎ ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ΅ агСнтство ΠΏΠΎ ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° (Π›ΠΈΠΎΠ½, Ѐранция).Β Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Ρ‹, Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€, посвящСны ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² II Ρ„Π°Π·Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ксСнобиотиков (GSTM1 ΠΈ GSTT1),Β Π°Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹ (ADH1Π’ ΠΈ ADH1C) ΠΈ Π°Π»ΡŒΠ΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Π΄Π΅Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π°Π·Ρ‹ (ALDH2), ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° солСй Ρ„ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ кислоты – ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΎΠ»Π°Ρ‚Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΡƒΠΊΡ‚Π°Π·Ρ‹ (MTHFR) ΠΈ тимидилатсинтСтазы (TYMS) ΠΈ Π³Π΅Π½Π° CHECK2 Π² этиологии Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, Π²Π΅Ρ€Ρ…Π½ΠΈΡ… Π΄Ρ‹Ρ…Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΡ‰Π΅Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡ΠΊΠΈ. Анализ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований позволяСт Π·Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ гСнСтичСский ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ риск развития Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅Β ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΊ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΡƒ ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡƒ Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½Π΅ΠΌΡƒ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ. ΠŸΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ P, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ взаимодСйствиС (ΠΈΠ½Ρ‚Π΅Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΡŽ) ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ влияниСм Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ риском развития Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ°, часто ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ статистичСски достовСрноС Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.Β Π’Π°ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΎΠΌ, Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ спонтанных ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ взаимодСйствия гСнСтичСского ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΠΈ Π²Π½Π΅ΡˆΠ½ΠΈΡ… Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ²

    ЀАКВОРЫ РИБКА ΠŸΠžΠ§Π•Π§ΠΠž-ΠšΠ›Π•Π’ΠžΠ§ΠΠžΠ“Πž РАКА

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    Smoking, overweight, obesity, hypertension, occupational exposures to pesticides, specifically to trichloroethylene are considered causal risk factors for sporadic i.e. non-hereditary renal cell cancer (RCC). Some of these factors not only increase the risk of RCC but also affect the survival of patients. For example, in patients with RCC who continue smoking, the risk of dying from other causes is twice as high as in patient who quit smoking. The risk of second cancer is 5 times higher in patients who continue smoking 20 or more cigarettes per day than in non-smokers. The low penetrance polymorphism is an important factor in etiology of sporadic RCC, which contrary to high penetrance mutations is a common event. However, the risk associated with this type of inheritance is quite low. The majority of sporadic RCC have polygenic etiology. They develop as a result of combined effect of large number of low penetrance genetic susceptibility genes (genetic polymorphism). Environmental factors play a decisive role in causation of sporadic RCC. The interplay of exposures to environmental risk factors and genetic susceptibility of exposed individuals is believed to influence the risk of developing sporadic RCC. The studies in molecular epidemiology based on candidate gene approach have shown that polymorphisms of certain genes, for example glutathione-S-transferase family genes, are associated with RCC. The genome wide association studies identified about twenty loci with single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) affecting the risk of RCC. However the risk loci so far identified for RCC account for only about 10 % of the familial risk of RCC. The power of largest studies which include many thousands of observations allow to detect 80 % of the major common loci (with minor allele frequency – MAF>0.2) conferring risk β‰₯1.2. However, for detecting alleles with smaller effects and/or MAF<0.1, more studies with larger sample size are needed. By implication, variants with such profiles probably represent a much larger class of susceptibility loci for RCC and hence a large number of variants remain to be discovered. Future investigation of the genes targeted by the risk SNPs is likely to yield increased insight into biology of RCC and will lead to new approaches for prevention, early detection and treatment.Π”ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°ΠΌΠΈ риска спонтанного, Ρ‚.Π΅. Π½Π΅ наслСдствСнного, ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎ-ΠΊΠ»Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° (ПКР) ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, ΠΈΠ·Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ вСс, ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, гипСртония, Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹, экспозиция ΠΊ пСстицидам ΠΈ трихлорэтилСну. Π€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ ΠΊΡƒΡ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅, Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ риск развития ПКР, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡŽΡ‚ Π½Π° Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с этим Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π’Π°ΠΊ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€, риск смСрти ΠΎΡ‚ нСонкологичСских ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ПКР Π² Π΄Π²Π° Ρ€Π°Π·Π° Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° Π½Π΅ ΠΊΡƒΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ, a риск развития Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Ρƒ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π²ΡˆΠΈΡ… ΠΊΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ПКР Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 20 сигарСт Π² дСнь Π² 5 Ρ€Π°Π· Π²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅, Ρ‡Π΅ΠΌ Ρƒ нСкурящих ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ². Π’ этиологии спонтанного ПКР Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Π½Ρ‚Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ гСнСтичСский ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ высокопСнСтрантных ΠΌΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ встрСчаСтся довольно часто. Однако риск развития Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ°, ассоциированный с этим Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏΠΎΠΌ наслСдствСнности, нСвысок. Π’Π΅ΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π΅ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΡˆΠΈΠ½ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎ ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ±ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ эффСкта большого числа Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ² с Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅Π½Π΅Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ, Ρ‚.Π΅. ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ ΡΡ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡŽ. Π’ этиологии этих ΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΉ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡƒΡŽ Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΡŒ ΠΈΠ³Ρ€Π°ΡŽΡ‚ экзогСнныС Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹: ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅Ρ‚ мСсто взаимодСйствиС наслСдствСнности ΠΈ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π° ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ срСды. ΠœΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡΡ€Π½ΠΎ-эпидСмиологичСскиС исслСдования, основанныС Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠΏΠΎΡ‚Π΅Π·Π΅, ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΈ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… Π³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ сСмСйства Π³Π»ΡƒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠΎΠ½-S-трансфСраз, влияСт Π½Π° риск ПКР. Π’ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ†ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎ 20 ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² (ОНП) высокого риска, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅, Π²ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‡Π΅ΠΌ, ΠΎΠ±ΡŠΡΡΠ½ΡΡŽΡ‚ лишь 10 % риска сСмСйных случаСв ПКР. Π Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ самых ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… исслСдований, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠ΅ тысячи наблюдСний, позволяСт Π²Ρ‹ΡΠ²ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ лишь 80 % ΠΎΡ‚ основных, часто Π²ΡΡ‚Ρ€Π΅Ρ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ…ΡΡ Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² (с частотой ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ >0,2), ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ°ΡŽΡ‚ риск ПКР Π² 1,2 ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π·. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя для выявлСния ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с мСньшим эффСктом Π½Π° риск ПКР, с частотой ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡ€Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π»Π»Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ <0,1, Ρ€Π°Π·ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€ΠΊΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ Π±Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ большС. Π‘ΠΊΠΎΡ€Π΅Π΅ всСго, этот Ρ‚ΠΈΠΏ Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² содСрТит большС ОНП ΠΏΠΎΠ²Ρ‹ΡˆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ прСдрасполоТСнности ΠΊ Ρ€Π°Π·Π²ΠΈΡ‚ΠΈΡŽ ПКР ΠΈ ΠΈΡ… прСдстоит ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΡ€Ρ‹Ρ‚ΡŒ. Π‘ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ исслСдования, Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π½Π° ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ½ΡƒΠΊΠ»Π΅ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡ€Ρ„ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² высокого риска, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΠΊ Π»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅ΠΌΡƒ пониманию Π±ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ ПКР ΠΈ Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ‹Ρ… Π½Π°ΠΏΡ€Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ„ΠΈΠ»Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, Ρ€Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΉ диагностики ΠΈ лСчСния этого заболСвания

    Loss of chromosome Y leads to down regulation of KDM5D and KDM6C epigenetic modifiers in clear cell renal cell carcinoma

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    Recent genomic studies of sporadic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) have uncovered novel driver genes and pathways. Given the unequal incidence rates among men and women (male:female incidence ratio approaches 2:1), we compared the genome-wide distribution of the chromosomal abnormalities in both sexes. We observed a higher frequency for the somatic recurrent chromosomal copy number variations (CNVs) of autosomes in male subjects, whereas somatic loss of chromosome X was detected exclusively in female patients (17.1%). Furthermore, somatic loss of chromosome Y (LOY) was detected in about 40% of male subjects, while mosaic LOY was detected in DNA isolated from peripheral blood in 9.6% of them, and was the only recurrent CNV in constitutional DNA samples. LOY in constitutional DNA, but not in tumor DNA was associated with older age. Amongst Y-linked genes that were downregulated due to LOY, KDM5D and KDM6C epigenetic modifiers have functionally-similar X-linked homologs whose deficiency is involved in ccRCC progression. Our findings establish somatic LOY as a highly recurrent genetic defect in ccRCC that leads to downregulation of hitherto unsuspected epigenetic factors, and suggest that different mechanisms may underlie the somatic and mosaic LOY observed in tumors and peripheral blood, respectively

    ΠžΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΎΡ‚ курСния послС постановки Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ· заболСвания

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    Abstract: The presented clinical and epidemiological study is the worldΒ»s first large prospective study of the effect of smoking cessation after lung cancer (LC) diagnosis on the prognosis. Follow‑up of 517 patients with NSCLC for 7 years in average showed that continued smoking after diagnosis is a serious negative prognostic factor. At the same time smoking cessation improves OS and PFS by 22,6 months and specific cancer mortality by 22,8 months; reduces the risk of all‑cause mortality by 33β€Š%, the risk of progression by 30β€Š% and the risk of specific cancer mortality by 25β€Š%. Almost 60β€Š% of patients in our study continued smoking after diagnosis. Consequently, they had avoidable excess mortality which eventually reduced their life by 2 years.The positive effect of smoking cessation after diagnosis found in our study significantly exceeds the Β«meaningful benefitΒ» (improvement in median overall survival by 2,5–6 months) for antineoplastic agents proposed by the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO). Moreover, the study suggests that the benefits of smoking cessation after LC diagnosis are at least equal or superior to the significant results obtained in clinical studies of the effectiveness of innovative treatments.We hope that the results of our study will contribute to the inclusion of smoking cessation in clinical guidelines for the treatment of NSCLC and other cancers. The treatment program for cancer patients should include evidence‑based methods of smoking cessation presented in the form of Β«Clinical Guidelines for Smoking Cessation for Cancer PatientsΒ».Treating smoking in cancer patients is cost‑effective for the health care system, especially when compared to other treat‑ments. Conversely, continuing smoking after diagnosis significantly increases treatment costs.The introduction of recommendations on smoking cessation and treatment of nicotine addiction into the practice will improve the overall mortality rate by 30–35β€Š% in more than 60,000 patients annually diagnosed with lung cancer in Russia. The clinical value of this method is obvious, since it has been proven to be highly efficient in improving the life expectancy of patients, and, ultimately, in reducing cancer mortality in Russia.Аннотация: ΠŸΡ€Π΅Π΄ΡΡ‚Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎ-эпидСмиологичСскоС исслСдованиС β€” ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π²ΠΎΠ΅ Π² ΠΌΠΈΡ€Π΅ ΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ проспСктивноС исслСдованиС, Π² ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΠΌ изучался эффСкт ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚ курСния послС постановки Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° Π»Π΅Π³ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (Π Π›) Π½Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·.ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 517 ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с ΠΠœΠšΠ Π› Π² Ρ‚Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ 7 Π»Π΅Ρ‚ Π² срСднСм ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ курСния послС постановки Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° β€” ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π½ΡŒ ΡΠ΅Ρ€ΡŒΠ΅Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ прогностичСский Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΎΡ€. Π’ Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΆΠ΅ врСмя ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π· ΠΎΡ‚ курСния ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ°Π΅Ρ‚ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰ΡƒΡŽ Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ (ΠžΠ’) ΠΈ Π²Ρ‹ΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π±Π΅Π· прогрСссирования (Π’Π‘ΠŸ) Π½Π° 22,6 мСсяцСв ΠΈ сниТаСт ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ Π½Π° 22,8 мСсяцСв; Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΎ сниТСниС риска смСртности ΠΎΡ‚ всСх ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ½ Π½Π° 33%, риска прогрСссирования β€” Π½Π° 30% ΠΈ риска спСцифичСской онкологичСской смСртности β€” Π½Π° 25%. Π’ нашСй ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎΡ€Ρ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΡ‡Ρ‚ΠΈ 60% Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… послС постановки Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΊΡƒΡ€ΠΈΡ‚ΡŒ. Π‘Ρ€Π΅Π΄ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡ… ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π»Π° мСсто прСдотвратимая избыточная ΡΠΌΠ΅Ρ€Ρ‚Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ, которая Π² Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Π΅ сократила ΠΈΠΌ Тизнь Π½Π° 2 Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π°.ΠŸΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΉ Π² нашСй Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΉ эффСкт ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚ курСния послС постановки Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ прСвосходит Β«Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡƒΡŽ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΒ» (meaningful benefit) β€” достиТСниС ΠΌΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π½Ρ‹ ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ выТиваСмости Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π°Ρ… 2,5–6 мСсяцСв для ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡƒΡ…ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΏΡ€Π΅ΠΏΠ°Ρ€Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡƒΡŽ АмСриканским общСством клиничСских ΠΎΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² (ASCO). Π‘ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΈΠ· исслСдования слСдуСт, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ польза ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚ курСния послС постановки Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π Π›, ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ ΠΌΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΡƒΠΌ, Ρ€Π°Π²Π½ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°Ρ‡Π½Π°, ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ прСвосходит Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΠΌΡ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Π΅ Π² клиничСских исслСдованиях эффСктивности ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² лСчСния Π Π›.ΠœΡ‹ надССмся, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ нашСго исслСдования Π±ΡƒΠ΄ΡƒΡ‚ ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±ΡΡ‚Π²ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚ курСния Π² клиничСскиС Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ ΠΠœΠ Π› ΠΈ Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΡ… онкологичСских Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ³Ρ€Π°ΠΌΠΌΠ° лСчСния онкологичСских Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ½Π° Π²ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°Ρ‚ΡŒ Π½Π°ΡƒΡ‡Π½ΠΎ обоснованныС ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Π° ΠΎΡ‚ курСния, прСдставлСнныС Π² Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ Β«ΠšΠ»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Ρƒ ΠΎΡ‚ курСния для онкологичСских Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…Β».Π›Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ табакокурСния Ρƒ ΠΏΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠ΅Π½Ρ‚ΠΎΠ² с онкологичСским Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ экономичСски Π²Ρ‹Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ для систСмы здравоохранСния, особСнно ΠΏΠΎ ΡΡ€Π°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°ΠΌΠΈ лСчСния. И, Π½Π°ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡ€ΠΎΡ‚, ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ курСния послС Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·Π° Π·Π½Π°Ρ‡ΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎ ΡƒΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡ‡ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚Ρ€Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π½Π° Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅.Π’Π½Π΅Π΄Ρ€Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠΊΡƒ лСчСния Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… с Π΄ΠΈΠ°Π³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌ Π Π› Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ°Π·Ρƒ ΠΎΡ‚ курСния ΠΈ Π»Π΅Ρ‡Π΅Π½ΠΈΡŽ Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ зависимости Π½Π° 30–35% ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠΈΡ‚ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Ρ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒ ΠΎΠ±Ρ‰Π΅ΠΉ смСртности Ρƒ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅ 60 000 Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π Π›, диагностируСмых Π΅ΠΆΠ΅Π³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎ Π² России. ΠžΡ‡Π΅Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π½Π° клиничСская Ρ†Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒ этого ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Π°, с Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ высокой ΡΡ„Ρ„Π΅ΠΊΡ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΡŒΡŽ Π² ΡƒΠ»ΡƒΡ‡ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΆΠΈΡ‚Π΅Π»ΡŒΠ½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Ρ…, Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅Ρ‡Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΡ‚ΠΎΠ³Π΅ β€” сниТСнии смСртности ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ€Π°ΠΊΠ° Π² России
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