19,078 research outputs found
Quantum local-field corrections and spontaneous decay
A recently developed scheme [S. Scheel, L. Knoll, and D.-G. Welsch, Phys.
Rev. A 58, 700 (1998)] for quantizing the macroscopic electromagnetic field in
linear dispersive and absorbing dielectrics satisfying the Kramers-Kronig
relations is used to derive the quantum local-field correction for the standard
virtual-sphere-cavity model. The electric and magnetic local-field operators
are shown to be consistent with QED only if the polarization noise is fully
taken into account. It is shown that the polarization fluctuations in the local
field can dramatically change the spontaneous decay rate, compared with the
familiar result obtained from the classical local-field correction. In
particular, the spontaneous emission rate strongly depends on the radius of the
local-field virtual cavity.Comment: 7 pages, using RevTeX, 4 figure
Elementary Excitations of a Bose-Einstein Condensate in an Effective Magnetic Field
We calculate the low energy elementary excitations of a Bose-Einstein
Condensate in an effective magnetic field. The field is created by the
interplay between light beams carrying orbital angular momentum and the trapped
atoms. We examine the role of the homogeneous magnetic field, familiar from
studies of rotating condensates, and also investigate spectra for vector
potentials with a more general radial dependence. We discuss the instabilities
which arise and how these may be manifested.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure
Atmospheric transmission computer program CP
A computer program is described which allows for calculation of the effects of carbon dioxide, water vapor, methane, ozone, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide on earth resources remote sensing techniques. A flow chart of the program and operating instructions are provided. Comparisons are made between the atmospheric transmission obtained from laboratory and spacecraft spectrometer data and that obtained from a computer prediction using a model atmosphere and radiosonde data. Limitations of the model atmosphere are discussed. The computer program listings, input card formats, and sample runs for both radiosonde data and laboratory data are included
Flexible Invariants Through Semantic Collaboration
Modular reasoning about class invariants is challenging in the presence of
dependencies among collaborating objects that need to maintain global
consistency. This paper presents semantic collaboration: a novel methodology to
specify and reason about class invariants of sequential object-oriented
programs, which models dependencies between collaborating objects by semantic
means. Combined with a simple ownership mechanism and useful default schemes,
semantic collaboration achieves the flexibility necessary to reason about
complicated inter-object dependencies but requires limited annotation burden
when applied to standard specification patterns. The methodology is implemented
in AutoProof, our program verifier for the Eiffel programming language (but it
is applicable to any language supporting some form of representation
invariants). An evaluation on several challenge problems proposed in the
literature demonstrates that it can handle a variety of idiomatic collaboration
patterns, and is more widely applicable than the existing invariant
methodologies.Comment: 22 page
Feral Dogs of the Galapagos Islands: Impact and Control
The history of feral dogs on the Galapagos Islands is described. The authors discuss feral dogs\u27 prey of domestic animals and wildlife, such as marine iguanas, and the urgent need for effective dog control programs and the attempts to control the feral dog populations
Large-uncertainty intelligent states for angular momentum and angle
The equality in the uncertainty principle for linear momentum and position is
obtained for states which also minimize the uncertainty product. However, in
the uncertainty relation for angular momentum and angular position both sides
of the inequality are state dependent and therefore the intelligent states,
which satisfy the equality, do not necessarily give a minimum for the
uncertainty product. In this paper, we highlight the difference between
intelligent states and minimum uncertainty states by investigating a class of
intelligent states which obey the equality in the angular uncertainty relation
while having an arbitrarily large uncertainty product. To develop an
understanding for the uncertainties of angle and angular momentum for the
large-uncertainty intelligent states we compare exact solutions with analytical
approximations in two limiting cases.Comment: 20 pages, 9 figures, submitted to J. Opt. B special issue in
connection with ICSSUR 2005 conferenc
s-ordered phase-sum and phase-difference distribuitons of entangled coherent states
The -ordered phase-sum and phase-difference distributions are considered
for Bell-like superpositions of two-mode coherent states. The distributions are
sensitive, respectively, to the sum and difference of the phases of the
entangled coherent states. They show loss of information about the entangled
state and may take on negative values for some orderings .Comment: 8 pages, 2 figures, iopart. accepted for publication in J. Opt. B:
Quantum Semiclass Op
A pilot survey of junior doctors’ attitudes and awareness around medication review: time to change our educational approach?
© 2015, BMJ Publishing Group. All rights reserved.Objectives Our aim was to explore junior doctors attitudes and awareness around concepts related to medication review, in order to find ways to change the culture for reviewing, altering and stopping inappropriate or unnecessary medicines. Having already demonstrated the value of team working with senior doctors and pharmacists and the use of a medication review tool, we are now looking to engage first year clinicians and undergraduates in the process. Method An online survey about medication review was distributed among all 42 foundation year one (FY1) doctors at the Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust in November 2014. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results Twenty doctors completed the survey (48%). Of those, 17 believed that it was the pharmacists duty to review medicines; and 15 of 20 stated the general practitioner (GP). Sixteen of 20 stated that they would consult a senior doctor first before stopping medication. Eighteen of 20 considered the GP and consultant to be responsible for alterations, rather than themselves. Sixteen of 20 respondents were not aware of the availability of a medication review tool. Seventeen of 20 felt that more support from senior staff would help them become involved with medication review. Conclusions Junior doctors report feeling uncomfortable altering mediations without consulting a senior first. They appear to be building confidence with prescribing in their first year but not about the medication review process or questioning the drugs already prescribed. Consideration should be given to what we have termed a bottom-up educational approach to provide early experience of and change the culture around medication review, to include the education of undergraduate and foundation doctors and pharmacists
Entanglement criteria via the uncertainty relations in su(2) and su(1,1) algebra: detection of non-Gaussian entangled states
We derive a class of inequalities, from the uncertainty relations of the
SU(1,1) and the SU(2) algebra in conjunction with partial transposition, that
must be satisfied by any separable two-mode states. These inequalities are
presented in terms of the su(2) operators J_x, J_y, and the total photon number
N_a+N_b. They include as special cases the inequality derived by Hillery and
Zubairy [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 050503 (2006)], and the one by Agarwal and Biswas
[New J. Phys. 7, 211 (2005)]. In particular, optimization over the whole
inequalities leads to the criterion obtained by Agarwal and Biswas. We show
that this optimal criterion can detect entanglement for a broad class of
non-Gaussian entangled states, i.e., the su(2) minimum-uncertainty states.
Experimental schemes to test the optimal criterion are also discussed,
especially the one using linear optical devices and photodetectors.Comment: published version, presentation polished with references added, 7
pages, 4 figure
Dydrogesterone and norethisterone regulate expression of lipoprotein lipase and hormones-sensitive lipase in human subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes
Aim: In premenopausal women, hyper-androgenicity is associated with central obesity and an increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated the effects of dydrogesterone (DYD)(a non-androgenic progestogen) and norethisterone (NET)(an androgenic progestogen) on lipoprotein lipase (LPL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and glycerol release in adipocytes isolated from subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue. Methods: Adipose tissue was obtained from 12 non-diabetic women, mean age 51 years (range 37-78) and mean BMI 25.4kg/m2 (range 20.3-26.4). Adipocytes were treated with increasing doses of DYD and NET for 48 hours prior to protein extraction. Effects on lipogenesis and lipolysis were assessed using western blotting to determine the expression of key enzymes, LPL (56kDa) and HSL (84kDa) respectively. Measurement of glycerol release into the medium provided an assessment of lipolytic activity. Results: Expression of LPL was increased by DYD and NET (mean protein expression relative to control ± SEM); with greatest effect at 10-8M for DYD: 2.32±0.51(p0.05). Conclusions: DYD and NET significantly increased LPL expression relative to control whilst significantly reducing HSL expression. At the concentrations studied, similar effects were observed with the androgenic NET and the non-androgenic DYD despite differing effects on the lipid profile when taken
in combination with estrogen. Further work in this area may improve knowledge about the effects of different progestogens on body fat distribution and enable progestogen use to be tailored to the individual to achieve maximal benefits
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