REPRESENTATIONS OF EDGE REGULAR BIPOLAR FUZZY GRAPHS

V. Ramadass & D. Kalpana, “Representations of Edge Regular Bipolar Fuzzy Graphs”, International Journal of Applied and Advanced Scientific Research, Volume 2, Issue 2, Page Number 267-272, 2017

The purification and properties of a ribonuclease from Salmonella typhimurium extract

A ribonuclease has been purified about 140-fold from extracts of Salmonella typhimurium through ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration, and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The optimum pH for the hydrolytic breakdown of RNA is 7. The enzyme hydrolyzes polyadenylic acid (poly A), polycytidylic acid (poly C), and polyuridylic acid (poly U) at much faster rates than transfer RNA. Polyinosinic acid (poly I) was not hydrolyzed at all. Higher concentrations of poly A and poly U (above 200 μg per ml) were inhibitory. A mixture of poly A and poly U in the proportion 1:2, which is known to produce maximum secondary interaction, is also inhibitory. These results indicate that the secondary structures of nucleic acids interfere with the action of the nuclease. The first product of hydrolysis is a 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide which is poorly hydrolyzed to the 3'-nucleotide. The enzyme behaves as an endonuclease. The properties of the S. typhimurium nuclease have been compared with those of RNase I of Escherichia coli. Although there are some differences, the S. typhimurium nuclease is like RNase I in its mode of action

A comparative study to assess the awareness of antibiotic resistance amongst first and second year medical undergraduate students in a medical college

Background: With the rising instances of antibiotic resistance and decline in the discovery of newer antibiotics, it is high time to prevent the emergence of antibiotic resistance. One of the best measures regarding the above problem is education and creating awareness regarding antibiotic resistance, and that too primarily among healthcare professionals. The initiation should start at the basic level and that too in the early days of medical profession, so that there is greater awareness and strong foundation for antibiotic prescribing pattern. The present study is taken up to compare awareness among 1st year and 2nd year medical students in a private medical college with 2nd year medical students having prior education regarding antibiotics resistance and first year students representing general public without any education regarding antibiotics resistance.Methods: This study was a comparative, cross-sectional, questionnaire based study. The questionnaire was validated for face validity and content validity from subject experts. The two groups selected were 1st year and 2nd year medical undergraduates. Data was analysed using simple descriptive statistics.Results: 136 students from 1st year and 88 students from 2nd year participated in the study. In both the groups studied, majority of the respondents completed the full course of antibiotics. 77% of 1st year and all 2nd year students were aware of the antibiotic resistance. 99% of 2nd year students and only 49% of the 1st year students were aware of the reasons for it (p<0.01). Awareness regarding prophylactic usage of antibiotics, usage for simple common cold and usage of higher antibiotics for mid infection leading to Antibiotic Resistance was significantly less among first year students. 2nd year students were well aware of consequences of antibiotic resistance like ineffective treatment, prolongation of illness, emergence of bacterial resistance and additional cost burden than 1st year students. Awareness regarding other aspects of antibiotic resistance was not significant between two groups.Conclusions: Stressing upon awareness and education regarding antibiotic resistance in the early days of medical curriculum will help in change of behaviour and habits of antibiotic usage and rational prescribing of antibiotics by the future doctors.

MATLAB based Brain Tumour Extraction using Artificial Neural Network

Brain tumour is the major cause of mortality among children and adults. The chance of survival can be greater when the tumour is detected correctly at its early stage. This paper presents a neural network techniques for the classification of magnetic resonance brain image. The proposed technique consists of three stages, features extraction from gray scale MR Image using gray level co-occurrence matrix, MR image segmentation using k-mean clustering method and classification of MR Image into normal and abnormal (tumourous) image using feed-forward neural network. This technique have been developed on MATLAB version 7.5.0 platform

Insight into Diabetes Management - A Kriyatmak Approach

Madhumeha is one of the leading lifestyle disorders which is posing a big challenge for the health care fraternity. Before planning the treatment it is very essential to know the Samprapti Ghatakas as well as the principles behind each Yoga which is recommended for treating Madhumeha. An insight into these aspects of Madhumeha Chikitsa has been reviewed in this article

Serum Soluble α Klotho and FGF 23 levels in Chronic Kidney Disease

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease is an emerging global health issue with prevalence between 11 to 13%. Pathological variations of Klotho – FGF 23 in chronic kidney disease are implicated as clinical biomarkers and may bring forth novel therapeutic strategies. The FGF 23 – Klotho endocrine axis plays a vital role in mineral metabolism. Transmembrane Klotho is expressed in renal tubules and acts as a coreceptor for FGF 23. Circulating α Klotho results from the shedding of membrane Klotho and involves in transport of calcium and phosphate. AIM OF THE STUDY: To estimate the level of serum soluble α Klotho and FGF 23 levels in CKD patients and to establish its role in chronic kidney disease - mineral bone disease. STUDY DESIGN: Case control study. Group A - individuals diagnosed with CKD (KDOQI guidelines). Group B - age and sex matched healthy subjects. METHODOLOGY: Serum urea, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, urine PCR - spectrophotometric method Serum soluble α Klotho & FGF 23 –ELISA. Serum PTH-ECLIA. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Data analysis- SPSS software, Student-t test, Chi-square test, multiple regression analysis, Pearson correlation and ROC. RESULTS: Serum soluble α Klotho and FGF23 were assayed in 60 CKD patients (age 51 ± 11 years) in various stages. Serum Klotho was lower than normal (3.33 ± 1.37 versus 5.61 ± 2.12 ng/mL, p value -0.001). Klotho correlated positively with Egfr and negatively with FGF 23. FGF 23 was higher than normal (337.17±156.17 versus 221.67±37.13pg/mL, p value -0.001). FGF 23 correlated negatively with eGFR and Klotho. Changes in Klotho and FGF23 precede the changes in PTH, calcium and phosphate. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate a negative effect of renal disease on Klotho causing tubular resistance to FGF 23 which is increased accordingly. Thus Klotho and FGF 23 may be considered as early markers of CKD progression and complications

Nuclear receptor coactivators: Regulators of steroid action in brain and behavior

Steroid hormones act in specific regions of the brain to alter behavior and physiology. While it has been well established that the bioavailability of the steroid and the expression of its receptor is critical to understanding steroid action in brain, the importance of nuclear receptor coactivators in brain is becoming more apparent. This review will focus on the function of the p160 family of coactivators, which includes steroid receptor coactivator-1 (SRC-1), SRC-2 and SRC-3, in steroid receptor action in brain. The expression, regulation and function of these coactivators in steroiddependent gene expression in brain and behavior will be discussed

Improved Micropropagation Method for the Enhancement of Biomass in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Incorporation of a range of higher concentrations of CuSO4_5H2O in MS medium significantly enhanced direct shoot bud induction and proliferation from cultured leaf and nodal explants taken from mature plants of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Shoot bud induction medium was supplemented with BAP (2.2 µM) and NAA (2.8 µM). When the concentration of CuSO4_5H2O in the induction medium was raised to 0.5 µM (five times the MS level, i.e. 0.1 µM) there was significant increase in percentage response along with increase in shoot bud number per explant. The shoots were healthy, well developed with dark green broader leaves. There was remarkable increase in total biomass at increased (0.5 µM) copper level in the medium. During proliferation stage also presence of high copper levels in the medium favoured increase in shoots bud number per explant