Single-cycle and fatigue strengths of adhesively bonded lap joints

This study considers a composite-to-steel tubular lap joint in which failure typically occurs when the adhesive debonds from the steel adherend. The same basic joint was subjected to compressive and tensile axial loads (single-cycle) as well as bending loads (fatigue). The purpose of these tests was to determine whether failure is more dependent on the plastic strain or the peel stress that develops in the adhesive. For the same joint, compressive and tensile loads of the same magnitude will produce similar plastic strains but peel stresses of opposite signs in the adhesive. In the axial tests, the tensile strengths were much greater than the compressive strengths - indicating that the peel stress is key to predicting the single-cycle strengths. To determine the key parameter(s) for predicting high-cycle fatigue strengths, a test technique capable of subjecting a specimen to several million cycles per day was developed. In these bending tests, the initial adhesive debonding always occurred on the compressive side. This result is consistent with the single-cycle tests, although not as conclusive due to the limited number of tests. Nevertheless, a fatigue test method has been established and future tests are planned

Editorial: Implausible discussions in saturated fat 'research'; definitive solutions won't come from another million editorials (or a million views of one).

The British Journal of Sports Medicine published an opinion editorial advocating a revision of public health guidance on saturated fat.1 Here, we offer a rebuttal, incorporating evidence-based principles absent in the original editorial, focusing on the quality of the evidence presented and we discuss contradictory evidence in relation to saturated fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), specific dietary interventions and cardiovascular disease (CVD) alongside future directions

Experiences of African American Orphan Educators Once Called "Girls From That Colored Orphanage"

First-hand stories about the experiences of orphan African American educators who grew up in the child welfare system are nonexistent. Typically, stories about orphans exclude African Americans and focus on male, European Americans. In cases where African Americans are not excluded from discussions on orphans, the focus tends to be on the negative rather than the positive aspects of their lives. This study investigates the positive outcomes of African American orphans who tell their own stories filtered, not through the eyes of childhood as the experiences take place, but through the mature eyes of educated adults. They narrate their own stories through first-hand knowledge about what it is like to live under the protection of child welfare. The methodology chosen for this study is narrative research. Narrative research allows the researcher to collect data by tape-recording life histories, transcribing, and analyzing the data, which I did with African American educators who were "orphans" in the 1950s and 1960s. In accordance with the theories of Kathleen Casey, Jean Clandinin, and Michael Connelly, open-ended questions were utilized so that the voices of the participants could be heard through their own words, with all the selectivities and silences that personal narratives entail without losing the richness of the stories. The six participants interviewed in this study are authors of their own narratives and they create meaning from their experiences through these narratives. Their understanding and interpretation of their orphan experiences may stand in sharp contrast to those of other researchers. My conceptual framework which incorporates narrative, resilience, and the hidden curriculum of resistance yielded important findings: success in foster care is likely to result from permanence, stability, and resilience; policymakers should assess and promote resilience in children of foster care

Multi-disciplinary Collaborations in Measurement of Human Motion

Comparative Medicine - OneHealth and Comparative Medicine Poster SessionBioengineering is a broad and rapidly-growing discipline defined as the application of engineering principles to biological systems. Although bioengineering is diverse in nature, the study of human movement is common to many bioengineering subdisciplines such as biomechanics and biometrics. Biomechanics is the science that examines the forces acting upon and within a biological structure and effects produced by such forces [1]. Measurement of ground reaction forces, limb motion, and muscle activation are fundamental research components in musculoskeletal biomechanics. Researchers in this field have used these measurements to quantify human gait, balance, and posture in a multitude of applications including age-related fall risk [2-4], muscle fatigue [5-7], and balance-related pathologies such as Parkinson's disease [8-10], and stroke [11, 12]. Additionally, these measurements play a vital role in computational biomechanics models. For example, the inverse dynamics method incorporates measured ground reaction forces and body motions to calculate the net reaction forces and torques acting on body joints [13]. Biometrics is the science of confirming or discovering individuals' identities based on their specific biological or behavioral traits [14]. Gait is one such modality which can be used for biometric identification. It is based on the uniqueness of an individual's locomotion patterns [15]. In addition, we are interested in high-speed video analyses of micro-saccades and blink reflexes for spoof-proofing of biometric identification systems, biometric identification, and psychometry. We have shown that startle blink intensity can be derived from high- speed video [18], enabling video-based psychophysiological biometrics for detection of subject-specific affective-cognitive information [19]. The Human Motion Laboratory at the University of Missouri - Kansas City is dedicated to measuring the characteristics of human motion. The lab includes a VICON MX 6-camera motion capture system, 4 AMTI OR6-6 force platforms, and a Delsys Myomonitor IV 16-channel wireless EMG system. This equipment represents an experimental infrastructure mutually supporting the biomechanics and biometrics research efforts of four research labs. The scope of these research efforts includes aging, affective computing, psychophysiological biometrics, orthopedics, and human dynamics pathology. The lab capitalizes on a synergistic environment for characterization and measurement of human movement and the interrelated nature of the research activities. The four main research areas that the Human Motion Laboratory supports are: •Computational Biomechanics •Biometrics of Human Motion •Experimental Biomechanics •Body Area Sensor Network

Spectroscopy of 13B via the 13C(t,3He) reaction at 115 AMeV

Gamow-Teller and dipole transitions to final states in 13B were studied via the 13C(t,3He) reaction at Et = 115 AMeV. Besides the strong Gamow-Teller transition to the 13B ground state, a weaker Gamow-Teller transition to a state at 3.6 MeV was found. This state was assigned a spin-parity of 3/2- by comparison with shell-model calculations using the WBP and WBT interactions which were modified to allow for mixing between nhw and (n+2)hw configurations. This assignment agrees with a recent result from a lifetime measurement of excited states in 13B. The shell-model calculations also explained the relatively large spectroscopic strength measured for a low-lying 1/2+ state at 4.83 MeV in 13B. The cross sections for dipole transitions up to Ex(13B)= 20 MeV excited via the 13C(t,3He) reaction were also compared with the shell-model calculations. The theoretical cross sections exceeded the data by a factor of about 1.8, which might indicate that the dipole excitations are "quenched". Uncertainties in the reaction calculations complicate that interpretation.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figure

Impact of Trucking Network Flow on Preferred Biorefinery Locations in the Southern United States

The impact of the trucking transportation network flow was modeled for the southern United States. The study addresses a gap in existing research by applying a Bayesian logistic regression and Geographic Information System (GIS) geospatial analysis to predict biorefinery site locations. A one-way trucking cost assuming a 128.8 km (80-mile) haul distance was estimated by the Biomass Site Assessment model. The median family income, timberland annual growth-to-removal ratio, and transportation delays were significant in determining mill location. Transportation delays that directly impacted the costs of trucking are presented. A logistic model with Bayesian inference was used to identify preferred site locations, and locations not preferential for a mill location. The model predicted that higher probability locations for smaller biomass mills (feedstock capacity, the size of sawmills) were in southern Alabama, southern Georgia, southeast Mississippi, southern Virginia, western Louisiana, western Arkansas, and eastern Texas. The higher probability locations for large capacity mills (feedstock capacity, the size for pulp and paper mills) were in southeastern Alabama, southern Georgia, central North Carolina, and the Mississippi Delta regions

Nuclear matrix element for two neutrino double beta decay from 136Xe

The nuclear matrix element for the two neutrino double beta decay (DBD) of 136Xe was evaluated by FSQP (Fermi Surface Quasi Particle model), where experimental GT strengths measured by the charge exchange reaction and those by the beta decay rates were used. The 2 neutrino DBD matrix element is given by the sum of products of the single beta matrix elements via low-lying (Fermi Surface) quasi-particle states in the intermediate nucleus. 136Xe is the semi-magic nucleus with the closed neutron-shell, and the beta + transitions are almost blocked. Thus the 2 neutrino DBD is much suppressed. The evaluated 2 neutrino DBD matrix element is consistent with the observed value.Comment: 7 pages 6 figure

“Fake news” may have limited effects beyond increasing beliefs in false claims

This is the final version. Available from the Shorenstein Center for Media, Politics, and Public Policy via the DOI in this recordData availability: The data and code necessary to replicate all the findings in this article will be made available on Dataverse upon publication of this article. Per our human subjects protocols, we will protect respondent privacy by only including individual-level summary data of respondents’ web consumption (e.g., number of untrustworthy websites visited) in the replication data.Since 2016, there has been an explosion of interest in misinformation and its role in elections. Research by news outlets, government agencies, and academics alike has shown that millions of Americans have been exposed to dubious political news online. However, relatively little research has focused on documenting the effects of consuming this content. Our results suggest that many claims about the effects of exposure to false news may be overstated, or, at the very least, misunderstood.Democracy FundEuropean Union Horizon 2020Nelson A. Rockefeller Center, Dartmouth CollegeWeidenbaum Center on the Economy, Government, and Public Policy, Washington University, St. Louis