3,184 research outputs found
Constraining decaying dark energy density models with the CMB temperature-redshift relation
We discuss the thermodynamic and dynamical properties of a variable dark
energy model with density scaling as , z being the
redshift. These models lead to the creation/disruption of matter and radiation,
which affect the cosmic evolution of both matter and radiation components in
the Universe. In particular, we have studied the temperature-redshift relation
of radiation, which has been constrained using a recent collection of cosmic
microwave background (CMB) temperature measurements up to . We find
that, within the uncertainties, the model is indistinguishable from a
cosmological constant which does not exchange any particles with other
components. Future observations, in particular measurements of CMB temperature
at large redshift, will allow to give firmer bounds on the effective equation
of state parameter for such types of dark energy models.Comment: 9 pages, 1 figure, to appear in the Proceedings of the 3rd
Italian-Pakistani Workshop on Relativistic Astrophysics, Lecce 20-22 June
2011, published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS
A Low Noise Thermometer Readout for Ruthenium Oxide Resistors
The thermometer and thermal control system, for the Absolute Radiometer for
Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission (ARCADE) experiment, is
described, including the design, testing, and results from the first flight of
ARCADE. The noise is equivalent to about 1 Omega or 0.15 mK in a second for the
RuO_2 resistive thermometers at 2.7 K. The average power dissipation in each
thermometer is 1 nW. The control system can take full advantage of the
thermometers to maintain stable temperatures. Systematic effects are still
under investigation, but the measured precision and accuracy are sufficient to
allow measurement of the cosmic background spectrum.
Journal-ref: Review of Scientific Instruments Vol 73 #10 (Oct 2002)Comment: 5 pages text 7 figure
Submillimeter wavelength survey of the galactic plane from l = -5 deg to l = +62 deg: Structure and energetics of the inner disk
Results from a large scale survey of the first quadrant of the Milky Way galactic plane at wavelengths of 150, 250, and 300 microns with a 10x10 arcmin beam are presented. The emission detected in the survey arises from compact sources, most of which are identified with known peaks of 5 GHz and/or CO emission, and from an underlying diffuse background with a typical angular width of approximately 0.9 deg (FWHM) which accounts for most of the emission. A total of 80 prominent discrete sources were identified and characterized, of which about half were not previously reported at far infrared wavelengths. The total infrared luminosity within the solar circle is approximately 1 to 2x10 to the 10th power L sub 0, and is probably emitted by dust that resides in molecular clouds
How Big of an Effect Do Small Dams Have? Using Geomorphological Footprints to Quantify Spatial Impact of Low-Head Dams and Identify Patterns of Across-Dam Variation
Citation: Fencl, J. S., Mather, M. E., Costigan, K. H., & Daniels, M. D. (2015). How Big of an Effect Do Small Dams Have? Using Geomorphological Footprints to Quantify Spatial Impact of Low-Head Dams and Identify Patterns of Across-Dam Variation. Plos One, 10(11), 22. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0141210Longitudinal connectivity is a fundamental characteristic of rivers that can be disrupted by natural and anthropogenic processes. Dams are significant disruptions to streams. Over 2,000,000 low-head dams (<7.6 m high) fragment United States rivers. Despite potential adverse impacts of these ubiquitous disturbances, the spatial impacts of low-head dams on geomorphology and ecology are largely untested. Progress for research and conservation is impaired by not knowing the magnitude of low-head dam impacts. Based on the geomorphic literature, we refined a methodology that allowed us to quantify the spatial extent of low-head dam impacts (herein dam footprint), assessed variation in dam footprints across low-head dams within a river network, and identified select aspects of the context of this variation. Wetted width, depth, and substrate size distributions upstream and downstream of six low-head dams within the Upper Neosho River, Kansas, United States of America were measured. Total dam footprints averaged 7.9 km (3.0-15.3 km) or 287 wetted widths (136437 wetted widths). Estimates included both upstream (mean: 6.7 km or 243 wetted widths) and downstream footprints (mean: 1.2 km or 44 wetted widths). Altogether the six low-head dams impacted 47.3 km (about 17%) of the mainstem in the river network. Despite differences in age, size, location, and primary function, the sizes of geomorphic footprints of individual low-head dams in the Upper Neosho river network were relatively similar. The number of upstream dams and distance to upstream dams, but not dam height, affected the spatial extent of dam footprints. In summary, ubiquitous low-head dams individually and cumulatively altered lotic ecosystems. Both characteristics of individual dams and the context of neighboring dams affected low-head dam impacts within the river network. For these reasons, low-head dams require a different, more integrative, approach for research and management than the individualistic approach that has been applied to larger dams
A new kind of Lax-Oleinik type operator with parameters for time-periodic positive definite Lagrangian systems
In this paper we introduce a new kind of Lax-Oleinik type operator with
parameters associated with positive definite Lagrangian systems for both the
time-periodic case and the time-independent case. On one hand, the new family
of Lax-Oleinik type operators with an arbitrary as
initial condition converges to a backward weak KAM solution in the
time-periodic case, while it was shown by Fathi and Mather that there is no
such convergence of the Lax-Oleinik semigroup. On the other hand, the new
family of Lax-Oleinik type operators with an arbitrary
as initial condition converges to a backward weak KAM solution faster than the
Lax-Oleinik semigroup in the time-independent case.Comment: We give a new definition of Lax-Oleinik type operator; add some
reference
The Galactic Exoplanet Survey Telescope (GEST)
The Galactic Exoplanet Survey Telescope (GEST) will observe a 2 square degree
field in the Galactic bulge to search for extra-solar planets using a
gravitational lensing technique. This gravitational lensing technique is the
only method employing currently available technology that can detect Earth-mass
planets at high signal-to-noise, and can measure the frequency of terrestrial
planets as a function of Galactic position. GEST's sensitivity extends down to
the mass of Mars, and it can detect hundreds of terrestrial planets with
semi-major axes ranging from 0.7 AU to infinity. GEST will be the first truly
comprehensive survey of the Galaxy for planets like those in our own Solar
System.Comment: 17 pages with 13 figures, to be published in Proc. SPIE vol 4854,
"Future EUV-UV and Visible Space Astrophysics Missions and Instrumentation
Constraints on radiative decay of the 17-keV neutrino from COBE Measurements
It is shown that, for a nontrivial radiative decay channel of the 17-keV
neutrino, the photons would distort the microwave background radiation through
ionization of the universe. The constraint on the branching ratio of such
decays from COBE measurements is found to be more stringent than that from
other considerations. The limit on the branching ratio in terms of the Compton
parameter is for an
universe.Comment: 7 pages. (figures will be sent on request) (To appear in Phys. Rev.
D.
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