Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis

Background Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis. Methods A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis). Results Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent). Conclusion Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified

Conformational changes induced in alpha-elastin by cholesterol, taurocolate and unsatured fatty acids

The ability of sodium taurocholate, cholesterol and oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic acids to induce conformational changes in \u3b1-elastin has been studied by circular dichroism. In addition, the influence of Ca2+ ions has been investigated. The formation of inelastic structure (\u3b1-helix, \u3b2-form) in the protein has been evidenced by spectral data. These results could be of interest in relation to aging and atherogenesi

Struttura e dinamica dell\u2019elastina

Struttura e dinamica dell\u2019elastin

Human alpha-elastins: lipid\u2013induced conformational changes

\u3b1-Elastins from young and old human aortas have been prepared and the interaction of these modified proteins with taurocholate, oleate, linoleate and palmitoleate has been studied by means of circular dichroism. Multiple conformational transitions were observed possibly involving, in addition to the aperiodic form, structures such as the \u3b2-bend and \u3b2-like forms. At the molecular level, a correlation between the aging of elastin and its interaction with lipids has been found that could be extended, at the macroscopic scale, to processes such as atherosclerosis and aging of the arterial wall

Elastin-like supramolecular structures in polytripeptides

Elastin-like supramolecular structures in polytripeptide

Polipeptidi sintetici come modelli strutturali della elastina

Polipeptidi sintetici come modelli strutturali della elastin