4,724 research outputs found
Differential gaze behavior towards sexually preferred and non-preferred human figures
The gaze pattern associated with image exploration is a sensitive index of our attention, motivation and preference. To examine whether an individualâs gaze behavior
can reflect his/her sexual interest, we compared gaze patterns of young heterosexual men and women (M = 19.94 years, SD = 1.05) while viewing photos of plain-clothed male and female figures aged from birth to sixty years old. Our analysis revealed a clear gender difference in viewing sexually preferred figure images. Men displayed a distinctive gaze pattern only when viewing twenty-year-old female images, with more fixations and longer viewing time dedicated to the upper body and waist-hip region. Women also
directed more attention at the upper body on female images in comparison to male images, but this difference was not age-specific. Analysis of local image salience revealed that observersâ eye-scanning strategies could not be accounted for by low-level processes, such as analyzing local image contrast and structure, but were associated with
attractiveness judgments. The results suggest that the difference in cognitive processing of sexually preferred and non-preferred figures can be manifested in gaze patterns
associated with figure viewing. Thus, eye-tracking holds promise as a potential sensitive measure for sexual preference, particularly in men
Relative entropy as a measure of inhomogeneity in general relativity
We introduce the notion of relative volume entropy for two spacetimes with
preferred compact spacelike foliations. This is accomplished by applying the
notion of Kullback-Leibler divergence to the volume elements induced on
spacelike slices. The resulting quantity gives a lower bound on the number of
bits which are necessary to describe one metric given the other. For
illustration, we study some examples, in particular gravitational waves, and
conclude that the relative volume entropy is a suitable device for quantitative
comparison of the inhomogeneity of two spacetimes.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure
The formation of organizational reputation
In this article, we review four decades of research on the formation of organizational reputation. Our review reveals six perspectives that have informed past studies: a game theoretic, a strategic, a macro-cognitive, a micro-cognitive, a cultural-sociological, and communicative one. We compare and contrast the different assumptions about what reputation is and how it forms that characterize these perspectives, and we discuss the implications of these differences for our theoretical understanding of stability and change, control and contestation, and the micro-macro relationship in the complex process of reputation formation
Transyears Competing with the Seasons in Tropical Malaria Incidence
Communicable and nonâcommunicable diseases show coperiodisms (shared cycles) with the sun\u27s and earth\u27s magnetism. About 11âyear cycles and components with periods a few weeks or a few months longer than one year (nearâ and farâtransyears, respectively) are the cases in point. Published data on the incidence of malaria in Burundi, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand are analysed by the linearânonlinear cosinor to assess the relative prominence of transyears versus the calendar year. An about 2.3âyear component characterizes malaria incidence in Burundi and Papua New Guinea (Thailand data were only sampled yearly). Longâterm trends cannot be distinguished from the presence of an about 11âyear cycle found in a 100âyear long record from Chizhevsky on mortality from cholera in Russia, albeit its second harmonic is statistically significant in Burundiâs data. Whereas farâ and nearâtransyears characterize malaria incidence in Burundi more prominently than the calendar year, only a candidate nearâtransyear of small amplitude is barely detected in Papua New Guinea, where the calendar year is most prominently expressed. Both regions are located near the equator. Selectivelyâassorted geographic differences such as these, observed herein for a communicable disease, have been previously observed for nonâcommunicable conditions, such as sudden cardiac death
Audio-visual interaction in emotion perception for communication
Information from multiple modalities contributes to recognizing emotions. While it is known interactions occur between modalities, it is unclear what characterizes these. These interactions, and changes in these interactions due to sensory impairments, are the main subject of this PhD project. This extended abstract for the Doctoral Symposium of ETRA 2018 describes the project; its background, what I hope to achieve, and some preliminary results.</p
Controlling small hive beetles, Aethina tumida, in western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies by trapping wandering beetle larvae
The small hive beetle (SHB, Aethina tumida) is an invasive honey bee pest. It has been introduced into many countries worldwide and it will continue to spread. The lifecycle of the SHB is divided between a feeding and reproduction phase inside honey bee colonies and a pupation phase in the soil, surrounding colonies. Once larvae have achieved their ideal weight, they leave the hive in search of suitable soil in which to pupate. Trapping larvae when they leave the hive could reduce the reproductive success of SHBs, as this would break their lifecycle. Therefore, we investigated the larvae containment rate of different trap designs. Dry and wet larvae were released into traps and left to wander for 12 h, after which we counted the larvae remaining in the trap. Similarly, we tested the permeability of different mesh sizes for dry and wet larvae. Finally, we investigated the speed dry larvae are capable of crawling, by recording the time it took them to crawl a known distance. Dry larvae were contained by all traps. While most designs were unable to contain wet larvae, a trap with walls of sandpaper was able to contain all larvae successfully. Larvae could not pass through a mesh size of 1 mm in dry or wet conditions. The mean wandering larvae speed observed was 0.42 cm/sc. We recommend the use of traps for wandering SHB larvae as a mitigative measure for new introductions and a control method for established populations.</p
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