Space shuttle EVA opportunities

A technology assessment is presented on space extravehicular activities (EVA) that will be possible when the space shuttle orbiter is completed and launched. The use of EVA in payload systems design is discussed. Also discussed is space crew training. The role of EVA in connection with the Large Space Telescope and Skylab are described. The value of EVA in constructing structures in space and orbital assembly is examined. Excellent color illustrations are provided which show the proposed EVA functions that were described

TTF: a flexible approach to narrowband imaging

The Taurus Tunable Filter (TTF) is a tunable narrowband interference filter covering wavelengths from 6300 A to the sensitivity drop-off of conventional CCDs (9600 A), although a blue `arm' (3700-6500 A) is to be added by the end of 1997. The TTF offers monochromatic imaging at the cassegrain foci of both the Anglo-Australian and William Herschel Telescopes, with an adjustable passband of between 6 and 60 A. In addition, frequency switching with the TTF can be synchronized to movement of charge (charge shuffling) on the CCD which has many important applications in astrophysics. Here we review different modes of TTF. We maintain a web site at http://msowww.anu.edu.au/~dhj/ttf.html describing all aspects of TTF and its operation. In addition to general use, the instrument is available in AAT service time. Details can be found at http://www.aao.gov.au/local/www/jmc/service/service.html.Comment: 8 pages; Latex; 5 encapsulated postscript figures. Invited talk at the "AAO/UKST Galactic Plane H-alpha Survey", International Workshop, Sydney, Australi

Calculation of unsteady aerodynamics for four AGARD standard aeroelastic configurations

Calculated unsteady aerodynamic characteristics for four Advisory Group for Aeronautical Research Development (AGARD) standard aeroelastic two-dimensional airfoils and for one of the AGARD three-dimensional wings are reported. Calculations were made using the finite-difference codes XTRAN2L (two-dimensional flow) and XTRAN3S (three-dimensional flow) which solve the transonic small disturbance potential equations. Results are given for the 36 AGARD cases for the NACA 64A006, NACA 64A010, and NLR 7301 airfoils with experimental comparisons for most of these cases. Additionally, six of the MBB-A3 airfoil cases are included. Finally, results are given for three of the cases for the rectangular wing

MMTF: The Maryland-Magellan Tunable Filter

This paper describes the Maryland-Magellan Tunable Filter (MMTF) on the Magellan-Baade 6.5-meter telescope. MMTF is based on a 150-mm clear aperture Fabry-Perot (FP) etalon that operates in low orders and provides transmission bandpass and central wavelength adjustable from ~5 to ~15 A and from ~5000 to over ~9200 A, respectively. It is installed in the Inamori Magellan Areal Camera and Spectrograph (IMACS) and delivers an image quality of ~0.5" over a field of view of 27' in diameter (monochromatic over ~10'). This versatile and easy-to-operate instrument has been used over the past three years for a wide variety of projects. This paper first reviews the basic principles of FP tunable filters, then provides a detailed description of the hardware and software associated with MMTF and the techniques developed to observe with this instrument and reduce the data. The main lessons learned in the course of the commissioning and implementation of MMTF are highlighted next, before concluding with a brief outlook on the future of MMTF and of similar facilities which are soon coming on line.Comment: 38 pages, 12 figures, 3 tables, now accepted for publication to the Astronomical Journa

A Tunable Echelle Imager

We describe and evaluate a new instrument design called a Tunable Echelle Imager (TEI). In this instrument, the output from an imaging Fabry-Perot interferometer is cross-dispersed by a grism in one direction and dispersed by an echelle grating in the perpendicular direction. This forms a mosaic of different narrow-band images of the same field on a detector. It offers a distinct wavelength multiplex advantage over a traditional imaging Fabry-Perot device. Potential applications of the TEI include spectrophotometric imaging and OH-suppressed imaging by rejection.Comment: 11 pages, 12 figures, accepted by PAS

Controlling the EEZ: Implications for Naval Force Planning

The precipitate action by many of the world\u27s coastal nations in claiming a 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) has created an enforcement problem which is perplexing naval staffs and their civilian governments alike

Understanding Trauma Through a Behavior Analytic Lens: A Comparative Case Study

Although other therapeutic approaches across human service disciplines have acknowledged the importance of understanding the impacts of trauma, the field of behavior analysis has seen less frequent discussions. To address this growing need, the purpose of this study was to explore how three participant board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs): (a) define trauma-informed behavior analysts (TIBA), (b) use TIBA to guide their decisions for identifying appropriate interventions, (c) determine appropriate evidence-based interventions for students with a history of trauma, and (d) obtained their training to confidently implement TIBA in their practices. Using a comparative case study, the participants provided information about their approaches through an interview as well as by providing a copy of their resumes and a redacted behavior intervention plan (BIP). Commonalities and differences among the participants’ uses of behavior analytic practices are identified and discussed. Through a cross-case analysis, the results of the study demonstrated important practices in behavior analysis which include: (a) developing a therapeutic relationship with both the client and their caregivers, (b) training for generalization, (c) identifying meaningful reinforcement contingencies, (d) teaching social and self-management skills, (e) implementing antecedent strategies, and (f) limiting or avoiding punishment and extinction. The implications for practice resulting from this study identified important elements to incorporate into a BIP. In conjunction with providing an operational definition of the targeted behaviors, BIPs that are trauma-informed should also describe personal and medical histories which may impact a student’s behavior (for example, if the behavior is more likely to occur as the result of a medication or if the client has any psychiatric or neurological conditions). In addition, the BIP should provide antecedent interventions, skills to be taught, and appropriate reactive strategies that reduce the risk of retraumatization. Next, implications of evidence-based practices were discussed. Although a list of evidence-based practices utilized by the participants was described, the study looked beyond what behavior analytic research says and provided details on what the participants have determined to be effective and ineffective. For example, although it is identified to be an evidence-based practice, all three participants described how extinction of a behavior can not only lead to retraumatization but can actually do more harm than good. Furthermore, the study addressed the question on whether the field should expand its practices beyond interventions deemed effective based upon single-subject designs such as dialectical behavior therapy (DBT). Lastly, the paper discussed ways to expand upon the research provided in this study. For instance, this study consisted of three BCBAs who use a trauma-informed approach within their practices. This number limits the number of experiences and resources BCBAs within the field have found to be effective in behavior change procedures. To gather more perspectives and experiences, the paper identified using a survey method of research. In addition, the paper suggested conducting a phenomenological study gathering the perspectives of parents or caregivers who have had experiences working with BCBAs who utilize a trauma-informed approach and those who do not. This would add to the social validity of TIBA with the hope to ignite a desire for change within the field. Finally, this study added to the limited body of literature on trauma-informed practices within the field of behavior analysis. Because the concept of using a trauma lens within the field is a relatively new concept, it is critical to explore the perceptions and experiences of BCBAs within the field

Experience with transonic unsteady aerodynamic calculations

Comparisons of calculated and experimental transonic unsteady pressures and airloads for four of the AGARD Two Dimensional Aeroelastic Configurations and for a rectangular supercritical wing are presented. The two dimensional computer code, XTRAN2L, implementing the transonic small perturbation equation was used to obtain results for: (1) pitching oscillations of the NACA 64A010A; NLR 7301 and NACA 0012 airfoils; (2) flap oscillations for the NACA 64A006 and NRL 7301 airfoils; and (3) transient ramping motions for the NACA 0012 airfoils. Results from the three dimensional code XTRAN3S are compared with data from a rectangular supercritical wing oscillating in pitch. These cases illustrate the conditions under which the transonic inviscid small perturbation equation provides reasonable predictions