2,032 research outputs found
Uniform Asymptotics for Polynomials Orthogonal With Respect to a General Class of Discrete Weights and Universality Results for Associated Ensembles: Announcement of Results
We compute the pointwise asymptotics of orthogonal polynomials with respect
to a general class of pure point measures supported on finite sets as both the
number of nodes of the measure and also the degree of the orthogonal
polynomials become large. The class of orthogonal polynomials we consider
includes as special cases the Krawtchouk and Hahn classical discrete orthogonal
polynomials, but is far more general. In particular, we consider nodes that are
not necessarily equally spaced. The asymptotic results are given with error
bound for all points in the complex plane except for a finite union of discs of
arbitrarily small but fixed radii. These exceptional discs are the
neighborhoods of the so-called band edges of the associated equilibrium
measure. As applications, we prove universality results for correlation
functions of a general class of discrete orthogonal polynomial ensembles, and
in particular we deduce asymptotic formulae with error bound for certain
statistics relevant in the random tiling of a hexagon with rhombus-shaped
tiles.
The discrete orthogonal polynomials are characterized in terms of a a
Riemann-Hilbert problem formulated for a meromorphic matrix with certain pole
conditions. By extending the methods of [17, 22], we suggest a general and
unifying approach to handle Riemann-Hilbert problems in the situation when
poles of the unknown matrix are accumulating on some set in the asymptotic
limit of interest.Comment: 28 pages, 7 figure
Exponential torsion growth for random 3-manifolds
We show that a random 3-manifold with positive first Betti number admits a tower of cyclic covers with exponential torsion growth
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Distinct mechanisms of Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME-mediated light-evoked membrane depolarization and in vivo clock resetting.
Drosophila CRYPTOCHROME (dCRY) mediates electrophysiological depolarization and circadian clock resetting in response to blue or ultraviolet (UV) light. These light-evoked biological responses operate at different timescales and possibly through different mechanisms. Whether electron transfer down a conserved chain of tryptophan residues underlies biological responses following dCRY light activation has been controversial. To examine these issues in in vivo and in ex vivo whole-brain preparations, we generated transgenic flies expressing tryptophan mutant dCRYs in the conserved electron transfer chain and then measured neuronal electrophysiological phototransduction and behavioral responses to light. Electrophysiological-evoked potential analysis shows that dCRY mediates UV and blue-light-evoked depolarizations that are long lasting, persisting for nearly a minute. Surprisingly, dCRY appears to mediate red-light-evoked depolarization in wild-type flies, absent in both cry-null flies, and following acute treatment with the flavin-specific inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium in wild-type flies. This suggests a previously unsuspected functional signaling role for a neutral semiquinone flavin state (FADHâą) for dCRY. The W420 tryptophan residue located closest to the FAD-dCRY interaction site is critical for blue- and UV-light-evoked electrophysiological responses, while other tryptophan residues within electron transfer distance to W420 do not appear to be required for light-evoked electrophysiological responses. Mutation of the dCRY tryptophan residue W342, more distant from the FAD interaction site, mimics the cry-null behavioral light response to constant light exposure. These data indicate that light-evoked dCRY electrical depolarization and clock resetting are mediated by distinct mechanisms
Dynamics of a tagged particle in the asymmetric exclusion process with the step initial condition
The one-dimensional totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) is
considered. We study the time evolution property of a tagged particle in TASEP
with the step-type initial condition. Calculated is the multi-time joint
distribution function of its position. Using the relation of the dynamics of
TASEP to the Schur process, we show that the function is represented as the
Fredholm determinant. We also study the scaling limit. The universality of the
largest eigenvalue in the random matrix theory is realized in the limit. When
the hopping rates of all particles are the same, it is found that the joint
distribution function converges to that of the Airy process after the time at
which the particle begins to move. On the other hand, when there are several
particles with small hopping rate in front of a tagged particle, the limiting
process changes at a certain time from the Airy process to the process of the
largest eigenvalue in the Hermitian multi-matrix model with external sources.Comment: 48 pages, 8 figure
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Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of persons who experienced spontaneous hepatitis C viral clearance.
BackgroundIn the United States Hepatitis C virus (HCV) viral clearance is estimated to range between 20 and 30%. The objective of this study was to estimate the frequency of HCV clearance and identify correlates of viral clearance among patients newly identified as HCV antibody positive in a large urban health system in Los Angeles, California.MethodsWe identified patients between November 2015 and September 2017 as part of a newly implemented HCV screening and linkage-to-care program at University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Health System. All patients were eligible for screening, though there were additional efforts to screen patients born between 1945 and 1965. We reviewed Medical records to categorize anti-HCV antibody positive patients as having spontaneously cleared HCV infection (HCV RNA not detected) or not (HCV RNA detected). We excluded those with a prior history of anti-HCV positivity or history of HCV treatment. We compared differences between those with and without detectable HCV RNA using chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and t-test as appropriate. We assessed factors associated with HCV clearance using logistic regression analysis.ResultsAmong the 320 patients included in this study, 56% were male. Baby boomers (52-72âyears of age) comprised the single largest age group (62%). We found spontaneous HCV clearance in 58% (nâ=â185). HCV viral clearance was slightly higher among women as compared to men (63% vs. 53%; p valueâ=â0.07) and varied by race/ethnicity: clearance among Blacks/African Americans was 37% vs. 58% among whites (p valueâ=â0.02). After adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, and sex we found that those diagnosed with chronic kidney disease had a tendency of decreased HCV viral clearance (adjusted ORâ=â0.34; 95% CI 0.14-1.03).ConclusionOf those patients newly identified as anti-HCV positive, 58% had cleared HCV virus, while the rest showed evidence of active infection. In addition, we found that clearance varied by race/ethnicity and clinical characteristics
An Anisotropic Ballistic Deposition Model with Links to the Ulam Problem and the Tracy-Widom Distribution
We compute exactly the asymptotic distribution of scaled height in a
(1+1)--dimensional anisotropic ballistic deposition model by mapping it to the
Ulam problem of finding the longest nondecreasing subsequence in a random
sequence of integers. Using the known results for the Ulam problem, we show
that the scaled height in our model has the Tracy-Widom distribution appearing
in the theory of random matrices near the edges of the spectrum. Our result
supports the hypothesis that various growth models in dimensions that
belong to the Kardar-Parisi-Zhang universality class perhaps all share the same
universal Tracy-Widom distribution for the suitably scaled height variables.Comment: 5 pages Revtex, 3 .eps figures included, new references adde
Genetic Classification of Populations using Supervised Learning
There are many instances in genetics in which we wish to determine whether
two candidate populations are distinguishable on the basis of their genetic
structure. Examples include populations which are geographically separated,
case--control studies and quality control (when participants in a study have
been genotyped at different laboratories). This latter application is of
particular importance in the era of large scale genome wide association
studies, when collections of individuals genotyped at different locations are
being merged to provide increased power. The traditional method for detecting
structure within a population is some form of exploratory technique such as
principal components analysis. Such methods, which do not utilise our prior
knowledge of the membership of the candidate populations. are termed
\emph{unsupervised}. Supervised methods, on the other hand are able to utilise
this prior knowledge when it is available.
In this paper we demonstrate that in such cases modern supervised approaches
are a more appropriate tool for detecting genetic differences between
populations. We apply two such methods, (neural networks and support vector
machines) to the classification of three populations (two from Scotland and one
from Bulgaria). The sensitivity exhibited by both these methods is considerably
higher than that attained by principal components analysis and in fact
comfortably exceeds a recently conjectured theoretical limit on the sensitivity
of unsupervised methods. In particular, our methods can distinguish between the
two Scottish populations, where principal components analysis cannot. We
suggest, on the basis of our results that a supervised learning approach should
be the method of choice when classifying individuals into pre-defined
populations, particularly in quality control for large scale genome wide
association studies.Comment: Accepted PLOS On
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