8,619 research outputs found
The generation of a Gaussian random process in a position parameter
Analog computer method for approximating stationary Gaussian random process depending only on position paramete
Female impersonation as an alternative reproductive strategy in giant cuttlefish
Out of all the animals, cephalopods possess an unrivalled ability to change their shape and body patterns. Our observations of giant cuttlefish (Sepia apama) suggest this ability has allowed them to evolve alternative mating strategies in which males can switch between the appearance of a female and that of a male in order to foil the guarding attempts of larger males. At a mass breeding aggregation in South Australia, we repeatedly observed single small males accompanying mating pairs. While doing so, the small male assumed the body shape and patterns of a female. Such males were never attacked by the larger mate-guarding male. On more than 20 occasions, when the larger male was distracted by another male intruder, these small males, previously indistinguishable from a female, were observed to change body pattern and behaviour to that of a male in mating display. These small males then attempted to mate with the female, often with success. This potential for dynamic sexual mimicry may have played a part in driving the evolution of the remarkable powers of colour and shape transformation which characterize the cephalopods
Keynote Lecture: Some Recent Developments in the Selection of Ground Motions for Design
This paper describes some recent developments in the selection of ground motions for design; the conditional mean spectrum approach and risk targeted ground motions. The conditional mean spectrum approach is just finding its way into practice and its application to a major dam is presented. Risk targeted ground motions are the basis for the next generation of building codes in the USA. The process of determining these motions is explained. Finally in the context of the retrofit of 800 schools in British Columbia, Canada, a performance based design procedure based on incremental dynamic analysis (IDA), with direct application to geotechnical earthquake engineering is presented. An interesting feature of this method is the segregation of hazard into subduction, sub-crustal and crustal earthquakes and the calculation of risk for each type independently and combining these risk components to obtain the total risk of violating the performance criterion
The Origin of Black Hole Entropy in String Theory
I review some recent work in which the quantum states of string theory which
are associated with certain black holes have been identified and counted. For
large black holes, the number of states turns out to be precisely the
exponential of the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. This provides a statistical
origin for black hole thermodynamics in the context of a potential quantum
theory of gravity.Comment: 18 pages (To appear in the proceedings of the Pacific Conference on
Gravitation and Cosmology, Seoul, Korea, February 1-6, 1996.
Optimal detection of burst events in gravitational wave interferometric observatories
We consider the problem of detecting a burst signal of unknown shape. We
introduce a statistic which generalizes the excess power statistic proposed by
Flanagan and Hughes and extended by Anderson et al. The statistic we propose is
shown to be optimal for arbitrary noise spectral characteristic, under the two
hypotheses that the noise is Gaussian, and that the prior for the signal is
uniform. The statistic derivation is based on the assumption that a signal
affects only affects N samples in the data stream, but that no other
information is a priori available, and that the value of the signal at each
sample can be arbitrary. We show that the proposed statistic can be implemented
combining standard time-series analysis tools which can be efficiently
implemented, and the resulting computational cost is still compatible with an
on-line analysis of interferometric data. We generalize this version of an
excess power statistic to the multiple detector case, also including the effect
of correlated noise. We give full details about the implementation of the
algorithm, both for the single and the multiple detector case, and we discuss
exact and approximate forms, depending on the specific characteristics of the
noise and on the assumed length of the burst event. As a example, we show what
would be the sensitivity of the network of interferometers to a delta-function
burst.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures in 3 groups. Submitted for publication to
Phys.Rev.D. A Mathematica notebook is available at
http://www.ligo.caltech.edu/~avicere/nda/burst/Burst.nb which allows to
reproduce the numerical results of the pape
Modeling the Large Scale Structures of Astrophysical Jets in the Magnetically Dominated Limit
We suggest a new approach that could be used for modeling both the large
scale behavior of astrophysical jets and the magnetically dominated explosions
in astrophysics. We describe a method for modeling the injection of magnetic
fields and their subsequent evolution in a regime where the free energy is
magnetically dominated. The injected magnetic fields, along with their
associated currents, have both poloidal and toroidal components, and they are
not force free. The dynamic expansion driven by the Lorentz force of the
injected fields is studied using 3-dimensional ideal magnetohydrodynamic
simulations. The generic behavior of magnetic field expansion, the interactions
with the background medium, and the dependence on various parameters are
investigated.Comment: Accepted to ApJ, May 10, 2006 issue, 12 figures total (3 color
figures
On recurrence and ergodicity for geodesic flows on noncompact periodic polygonal surfaces
We study the recurrence and ergodicity for the billiard on noncompact
polygonal surfaces with a free, cocompact action of or . In the
-periodic case, we establish criteria for recurrence. In the more difficult
-periodic case, we establish some general results. For a particular
family of -periodic polygonal surfaces, known in the physics literature
as the wind-tree model, assuming certain restrictions of geometric nature, we
obtain the ergodic decomposition of directional billiard dynamics for a dense,
countable set of directions. This is a consequence of our results on the
ergodicity of \ZZ-valued cocycles over irrational rotations.Comment: 48 pages, 12 figure
Alternative splicing of tropomyosin pre-mRNAs in vitro and in vivo
A single rat gene encodes both fibroblast TM-1 and skeletal muscle beta-tropomyosin by an alternative RNA-processing mechanism. The gene contains 11 exons: Exons 1-5 and exons 8 and 9 are constitutive exons common to all mRNAs expressed from this gene; exons 6 and 11 are used in fibroblasts as well as smooth muscle; exons 7 and 10 are used exclusively in skeletal muscle. We have studied the internal alternative RNA splice choice (exons 6 and 7) of the rat tropomyosin 1 gene in vitro, using nuclear extracts obtained from HeLa cells. Use of alternative splice sites in vitro is dependent on the ionic conditions of the assay, and correct splicing occurs only under well-defined salt conditions. Splicing of exon 5 to exon 6 (fibroblast-type splice) and exon 5 to exon 7 (skeletal muscle-type splice) was dependent on precursors in which exon 6 or 7 was first joined to exon 8. The same patterns of alternatively spliced RNAs were formed when similar templates were introduced in HeLa cells by transfection. Thus, there appears to be an ordered pathway of splicing in which the internal alternatively spliced exons must first be joined to the downstream constitutive exon before they can be spliced to the upstream constitutive exon. The data are consistent with a model in which the critical event in alternative splicing occurs during the joining of exon 6 to exon 8 (fibroblast-type splice) or exon 7 to exon 8 (skeletal muscle-type splice)
From fields to a super-cluster: the role of the environment at z=0.84 with HiZELS
At z=0, clusters are primarily populated by red, elliptical and massive
galaxies, while blue, spiral and lower-mass galaxies are common in low-density
environments. Understanding how and when these differences were established is
of absolute importance for our understanding of galaxy formation and evolution,
but results at high-z remain contradictory. By taking advantage of the widest
and deepest H-alpha narrow-band survey at z=0.84 over the COSMOS and UKIDSS UDS
fields, probing a wide range of densities (from poor fields to rich groups and
clusters, including a confirmed super-cluster with a striking filamentary
structure), we show that the fraction of star-forming galaxies falls
continuously from ~40% in fields to approaching 0% in rich groups/clusters. We
also find that the median SFR increases with environmental density, at least up
to group densities - but only for low and medium mass galaxies, and thus such
enhancement is mass-dependent at z~1. The environment also plays a role in
setting the faint-end slope (alpha) of the H-alpha luminosity function. Our
findings provide a sharper view on galaxy formation and evolution and reconcile
previously contradictory results at z~1: stellar mass is the primary predictor
of star formation activity, but the environment also plays a major role.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, to appear in the proceedings of JENAM 2010 S2:
`Environment and the Formation of Galaxies: 30 years later', ASSP, Springe
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