Computational identification of putative miRNAs and their target genes in pathogenic amoeba Naegleria fowleri

Naegleria fowleri is a parasitic unicellular free living eukaryotic amoeba. The parasite spreads through contaminated water and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM). Therefore, it is of interest to understand its molecular pathogenesis. Hence, we analyzed the parasite genome for miRNAs (microRNAs) that are non-coding, single stranded RNA molecules. We identified 245 miRNAs using computational methods in N. fowleri, of which five miRNAs are conserved. The predicted miRNA targets were analyzed by using miRanda (software) and further studied the functions by subsequently annotating using AmiGo (a gene ontology web tool)

Regulatory Model of Mirna-125 in Leukemia

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, subtypes of RNA that are 22-25 nucleotides in length that regulate the gene expression by targeting homologous sequences in messenger RNA (mRNA). Their unusual expressions have been observed in various types of cancers. In this paper we first briefly outline of multiple pairwise alignment of primiRNA- 125 of three organisms and secondary structure. We then discuss in detail on binding sites of miRNA-125 with different target genes to known the binding energy using computational tool. Finally, we discuss on mechanism of miRNA-125 over-expression causes different types of leukemia due to abnormal expression of gene present on chromosome 21. Thus we have reported that one of the major causes of leukemia is abnormal expression of miRNA- 125. Ful

Facilities and services of the career information centres of public libraries in Karnataka: A study

The paper focuses on the various information services being offered by the competitive examination and career information centres of the public libraries in Karnataka. Altogether, there are 27 competitive examination and career information centres attached to the city central libraries in Karnataka which are catering to the information needs of youths who appear for competitive examinations and also seek job opportunities. The study has also covered aspects pertaining to the library infrastructure facilities being extended to the users of the centres. The responses pertaining to the facilities and services have been elucidated from the chief librarians of the public libraries through the questionnaire method

Computational prediction and identification of miRNAs in ssRNA viruses

MiRNAs are conserved endogenous small non-​coding RNA mols. play a very important role in posttranscriptional regulation of gene by binding to mRNA.miRNAs have been identified in plants, animals, invertebrates and even in viruses. Recent studies have proved that as like DNA viruses even cytoplasmic RNA viruses encodes miRNA by noncanonical pathway.To find the miRNAs encoded by both (+) ssRNA and (-​) ssRNA viruses, we used computational tool VMir to screen the complete genomes of selected RNA viruses. The predicted precursor miRNA hairpin structures obtained from VMir were further analyzed in miPred to identify real and pseudo miRNA. The real miRNAs analyzed in blastx program to exclude protein coding sequences and then finally identified mature miRNAs by using matureBayes.In our studies we analyzed 45 viral genomes, finally we obsd. that more miRNAs encoded by (-​) ssRNA than the (+) ssRNA

Physico-chemical Properties of Chloramine-T: Part III- Conductometric Study of the Interaction of Chloramine-T with Th(IV) & Zr(IV) Solutions

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Effect of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthetic and transpiration rate in Sandal (Santalum album L.)

Sandalwood (Santalum album L.) belongs to family Santalaceae. It has gained prominence over other tree species, because of high demand for heartwood and essential oil, to fulfill the increasing demand it is needed to achieve fast growth of the seedling in the nursery stage and as well in the planted site. In the present study the response of elevated carbon dioxide concentration on photosynthetic and transpiration rate in sandal was assessed with the following treatments control (ambient condition), elevated CO2 treatment with FYM (i.e., 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 kg of FYM) and elevated CO2 treatment with no FYM. The morphological parameters such as plant height, collar diameter, and number of leaves, leaf area, seedling biomass; physiological parameter such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, and stomatal conductance were recorded at 120 days. Growth parameters found to be higher in the treatment of elevated CO2 with 15 kg FYM such as seedling height (26.32 cm) and leaf area per plant (247.84 cm2) compare to the other treatments. Photosynthetic rate (19.66 μ mol. m-2 s-1), transpiration rate (3.04 m mol. m-2 s-1) and stomatal conductance (0.30 m mol. m-2 s-1) was found maximum in 15 kg FYM treatment

Profile of pathogens isolated from different clinical samples and their antimicrobial pattern: a retrospective study

Background: Since there is a significant rise in resistant bacteria to different antimicrobial agents, there is a need to study the resistance pattern of different isolates from different clinical samples for effective use of available antimicrobials by clinicians. The aim of the present study was to detect the resistance pattern of various antimicrobials against different clinical isolates in hospitalised patients in out setting.Methods: This is a retrospective study involving the collection of the data from the records of microbiology laboratory. All clinical specimens were processed as per standard microbiological procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar plate as per CLSI guidelines.Results: A total of 153 isolates were recovered from 219 clinical samples accounting for 69.86% of total positivity. Which includes gram negative bacilli 107/153 (69.93%) gram positive cocci 36/153 (23.53%) and yeast 10/153 (6.54%). Among the total isolates gram negative bacilli account for major number of isolates 69.93% followed by gram positive cocci 23.53% and yeast 6.54%. Gram positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli showed a significant level of antimicrobial resistance. Nitrofurantoin is highly effective against urinary isolates of Escherichia coli. vancomycin and linezolid are most effective antimicrobials against gram positive cocci. Among gram negative bacilli meropenem and amikacin are most effective antimicrobials. Statistical significance of occurrence of Escherichia coli as predominant isolate as compared to other isolates were analysed by chi square test by using GraphPad online calculator. A p value<0.001 was obtained.Conclusions: Significant rise in antimicrobial resistant pathogens were observed. Local antimicrobial policy should be developed for effective selection of available antimicrobials which are the need of the day to reduce the burden of diseases on global health care system

A multicomponent model of the infrared emission from Comet Halley

A model based on a mixture of coated silicates and amorphous carbon grains produces a good spectral match to the available Halley data and is consistent with the compositional and morphological information derived from interplanetary dust particle studies and Halley flyby data. The dark appearance of comets may be due to carbonaceous coatings on the dominant (by mass) silicates. The lack of a 10 micrometer feature may be due to the presence of large silicate grains. The optical properties of pure materials apparently are not representative of cometary materials. The determination of the optical properties of additional silicates and carbonaceous materials would clearly be of use

ORAL DISINTEGRATION TABLETS – AN UPDATED REVIEW

The purpose of writing this review is Oral delivery is currently the gold standard in the pharmaceutical industry where it is regarded as the safest, most convenient and most economical method of drug delivery having the highest patient compliance. It is leads to development of orally disintegrating tablets. This disintegrates in the mouth in seconds without chewing and the need of water which is advantageous mainly for pediatrics, geriatrics and patients having difficulty in swallowing tablets and capsules. The prepared tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time and in vitro drug release ODTs are solid dosage forms containing medicinal substances which disintegrate rapidly, usually in a matter of seconds, when placed on the tongue. The aim of this article is to review the development of ODTs, challenges in formulation, new ODT technologies and evaluation methodologies, suitability of drug candidates, and future prospects. Key words: Orally disintegrating tablet, Oral route, Excipients