ANALYTICAL APPROACH TO DETERMINING OF PARAMETERS WHICH CHARACTERIZE SURFACE LAYER QUALITY OF THE PARTS HARDENED BY A TRAVELING DIAMOND SPHERE

Abstract The present work is dedicated to analysis of a plane boundary problem of a sphere movement along an elastic semi-plane. Moreover it is supposed that in the area of contact between the sphere and the semi-plane there will be sectors with multidirectional frictional load as well as a sector with adhesive bonds. By means of the received solution of the boundary problem we've evaluated the area of plastic deformation below the sphere based on the condition of equality of load and plasticity invariable (yield point ( y σ )). Plastic deformation height was considered to be the maximum height of plastic deformations penetration under the traveling sphere. Comparison of experimental and estimated data demonstrated accuracy acceptable for use of the elaborated method in real production. 1. Introduction Production process of a part surface hardening by its deformation by means of a traveling diamond sphere is distinguished from other surface plastic deformation methods due to resulting stable quality indices of the processed surface. Basic parameters characterizing the surface layer quality of the parts inclusive of those hardened by a diamond sphere are as follows: surface roughness, residual strain and cold deformation, i.e. distribution of microhardness across the surface layer after its hardening. The methods used nowadays for control of residual strain and distribution of microhardness ( H h ) throughout a part surface layer height result in destruction of the explored surface which is not acceptable in some cases, in particular during evaluation of large and case parts. That's why development of nondestructive methods for quantitative estimation of the surface layer parameters is a technological problem of current concern. For the parts being operated under the conditions of friction or repeated loads the height of mechanical hardening ( H h ) to a large extent is indicative of performance characteristics of the parts [1]. In this respect there was developed a method for analytical determination of the height of a plastically deformed layer of a surface subjected to hardening by means of a diamond sphere. Methodology Experimental determination of a mechanical hardening profile was performed with use of angle laps at the samples preliminary processed by a diamond sphere. Microhardness was measured on the basis of a reproduced impress formed by indentation of a Vickers diamond point with the force of 2 N in accordance with the standard GOST 9450-76 "Measurement of microhardness by diamond instruments". For measurement of the impress diagonal size the microhardness tester PMT-3 made by OJSC LOMO (Saint-Petersburg), Russia, was used. For determination of the height of the part plastically deformed surface layer the measurements were made approximately at the interval of 10 μm. The hardened surface layer height was determined as a distance measured along normal to the surface starting from the surface and ending at the place at which geometric dimensions of the Vickers point impress are no longer changed. The rings with the outer diameter of 62 mm and the width of 12 mm made of stainless steel 12Х18Н9Т (the national standard GOST 5632-72 "Superalloyed steels and corrosion-resistant, heat-resistant and heatproof alloys. Makes") were taken as samples. S.R. Abulkhanov et al. / International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET

Interface reactions between Pd thin films and SiC by thermal annealing and SHI irradiation

The solid-state reactions between Pd thin films and 6H-SiC substrates induced by thermal annealing, room temperature swift heavy ion (SHI) irradiation and high temperature SHI irradiation have been investigated by in situ and real-time Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD). At room temperature, no silicides were detected to have formed in the Pd/SiC samples. Two reaction growth zones were observed in the samples annealed in situ and analysed by real time RBS. The initial reaction growth region led to formation of Pd3Si or (Pd2Si+Pd4Si) as the initial phase(s) to form at a temperature of about 450 °C. Thereafter, the reaction zone did not change until a temperature of 640 °C was attained where Pd2Si was observed to form in the reaction zone. Kinetic analysis of the initial reaction indicates very fast reaction rates of about 1.55×1015 at.cm-2/s and the Pd silicide formed grew linear with time. SHI irradiation of the Pd/SiC samples was performed by 167 MeV Xe26+ ions at room temperature at high fluences of 1.07×1014 and 4×1014 ions/cm2 and at 400 °C at lower fluences of 5×1013 ions/cm2. The Pd/SiC interface was analysed by RBS and no SHI induced diffusion was observed for room temperature irradiations. The sample irradiated at 400 °C, SHI induced diffusion was observed to occur accompanied with the formation of Pd4Si, Pd9Si2 and Pd5Si phases which were identified by GIXRD analysis.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/nimb2017-03-31hb2016Physic

Investigation of the microstructure of the fine-grained YPO4_4:Gd ceramics with xenotime structure after Xe irradiation

The paper reports on the preparation of xenotime-structured ceramics by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method. Phosphates Y$_{0.95}$Gd$_{0.05}$PO$_4$ (YPO$_4$:Gd) were obtained by the sol-gel method. The synthesized nanopowders are collected in large agglomerates 10-50 mkm in size. Ceramics has a fine-grained microstructure and a high relative density (98.67%). The total time of the SPS process was approximately 18 min. High-density sintered ceramics YPO$_4$:Gd with a xenotime structure were irradiated with Xe$^{+26}$ ions (E = 167 MeV) to fluences of $1\times10^{12}$-$3\times 10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$. Complete amorphization at maximum fluence was not achieved. As the fluence increases, an insignificant increase in the depth of the amorphous layer is observed. According to the results of grazing incidence XRD (GIXRD), with an increase in fluence from $1\times10^{12}$-$3\times 10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$, an increase in the volume fraction of the amorphous structure from 20 to 70% is observed. The intensity of XRD peak 200 YPO$_4$:Gd after recovery annealing (700$^\circ$C, 18 h) reached a value of ~80% of the initial intensity I0.Comment: 16 pages, 10 figure

Change in Magnetic Anisotropy at the Surface and in the Bulk of FINEMET Induced by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation

57 Fe transmission and conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as XRD were used to study the effect of swift heavy ion irradiation on stress-annealed FINEMET samples with a composition of Fe73.5 Si13.5 Nb3 B9 Cu1. The XRD of the samples indicated changes neither in the crystal structure nor in the texture of irradiated ribbons as compared to those of non-irradiated ones. However, changes in the magnetic anisotropy both in the bulk as well as at the surface of the FINEMET alloy ribbons irradiated by 160 MeV132 Xe ions with a fluence of 1013 ion cm−2 were revealed via the decrease in relative areas of the second and fifth lines of the magnetic sextets in the corresponding Mössbauer spectra. The irradiation-induced change in the magnetic anisotropy in the bulk was found to be similar or somewhat higher than that at the surface. The results are discussed in terms of the defects produced by irradiation and corresponding changes in the orientation of spins depending on the direction of the stress generated around these defects. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.CZ-11/2007, MEB040806; Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, Minobrnauka: FEUZ-2020-0060; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund, OTKA: K100424, K115784, K115913, K43687, K68135; Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, JINR; Univerzita Palackého v Olomouci: CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008408, IGA_PrF_2022_003, IGA_PrF_2022_013; Ural Federal University, UrFU: 04-5-1131-2017/2021; Nemzeti Kutatási Fejlesztési és Innovációs Hivatal, NKFIHFunding: The research was supported by grants from the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (OTKA projects No K43687, K68135, K100424, K115913, K115784) and by the Czech-Hungarian Intergovernmental Fund, Grant No. CZ-11/2007 (MEB040806). M.I.O. was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, project No. FEUZ-2020-0060. Additionally, M.I.O. was supported in part by the Ural Federal University project within the Priority-2030 Program, funded from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation. This work was also supported by the project “Swift heavy ions in research of iron-bearing nanomaterials”, No. of theme 04-5-1131-2017/2021, solved in cooperation with the Czech Republic and the JINR (3 + 3 projects), and also by internal IGA grant of Palacký University (IGA_PrF_2022_003). The authors from Palacký University Olomouc want to thank the facilitators of project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008408 of the Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports of the Czech Republic for their support as well.Acknowledgments: We are grateful to Z. Klencsár (Centre for Energy Research, Budapest), M. Miglierini (Technical University, Bratislava), I. Dézsi (Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Budapest), S. Kubuki, and K. Nomura (Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo) for their participation in discussions, and L. Krupa (Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic and Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna) for his help with the organization of project cooperation. The support by grants from the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office and by the Czech-Hungarian Intergovernmental Fund, Grant No. CZ-11/2007 (MEB040806) are acknowledged. M.I.O. is grateful for support from the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation and from the Ural Federal University project within the Priority-2030 Program. This work was also carried out within the Agreement of Cooperation between the Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg) and the Eötvös Loránd University (Budapest) and within the Memorandum of Understanding between the Ural Federal University (Ekaterinburg) and the Palacký University (Olomouc). Authors acknowledge the support of the project “Swift heavy ions in research of iron-bearing nanomaterials”, No. of theme 04-5-1131-2017/2021, solved in cooperation with the Czech Republic and the JINR (3 + 3 projects). Authors from Palacký University Olomouc appreciate the internal IGA grant of Palacký University (IGA_PrF_2022_013) and thank the facilitators of the project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/17_049/0008408 of the Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports of the Czech Republic as well

СПЕКТРЫ DLTS КРЕМНИЕВЫХ ДИОДОВ С p+—n–ПЕРЕХОДОМ, ОБЛУЧЕННЫХ ВЫСОКОЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКИМИ ИОНАМИ КРИПТОНА

p+-n-Diodes have been studied. The diodes were manufactured on wafers (thickness 460 μm, (111) plane) of uniformly phosphorus doped float–zone–grown single–crystal silicon. The resistivity of silicon was 90 Ohm · cm and the phosphorus concentration was 5 · 1013 cm–3. The diodes were irradiated with 250 MeV krypton ions. The irradiation fluence was 108 cm–2. Deep–level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) was used to examine the defects induced by high energy krypton ion implantation. The DLTS spectra were recorded at a frequency of 1 MHz in the 78—290 K temperature range. The capacity–voltage characteristics have been measured at a reverse bias voltage from 0 to –19 V at a frequency of 1 MHz. We show that the main irradiation–induced defects are A–centers and divacancies. The behavior of DLTS spectra in the 150—260 K temperature range depends essentially on the emission voltage Ue. The variation of Ue allows us to separate the contributions of different defects into the DLTS spectrum in the 150—260 K temperature range. We show that, in addition to A–centers and divacancies, irradiation produces multivacancy complexes with the energy level Et = Ec – (0.5 ± 0.02) eV and an electron capture cross section of ~4 · 10–13 cm2.Исследованы p+—n-диоды. Диоды изготовлены на пластинах однородно легированного фосфором монокристаллического кремния (толщина 460 мкм, плоскость (111)), выращенного методом бестигельной зонной плавки. Удельное сопротивление кремния — 90 Ом × см, концентрация фосфора — 5 × 1013 см−3. Диоды подвергнуты облучению ионами криптона с энергией 250 МэВ. Флюенс облучения — 108 см−2. Радиационные дефекты, вводимые высокоэнергетической имплантацией ионов криптона, исследованы с помощью нестационарной спектроскопии глубоких уровней (DLTS — Deep−level transient spectroscopy). Спектры DLTS регистрировали на частоте 1 МГц в интервале температур 78—290 К. Вольт-фарадные характеристики измерены при напряжении обратного смещения от 0 до – 19 В на частоте 1 МГц. Показано, что основными радиационными дефектами являются А−центры и дивакансии. Установлено, что вид спектров DLTS в интервале температур 150—260 K существенно зависит от напряжения эмиссии Ue. Варьирование Ue в ходе эксперимента позволило разделить вклады от различных дефектов в спектр DLTS в интервале температур 150—260 К. Показано, что, помимо А−центров и дивакансий, при облучении формируются многовакансионные комплексы с энергетическим уровнем Et = Ec -(0,50 ± 0,02) эВ и сечением захвата электронов ~ 4 × 10−13 см2

The Compute Research of Mode Parameters Influence on the Furnace Heat Work in Vanyukovs Smelting Energotechnological Complex

На основе многозональной математической модели изучено влияние режимных параметров работы печи на теплообмен в энерготехнологическом комплексе плавки Ванюкова. Установлены количественные зависимости, позволяющие наиболее эффективно управлять процессом плавки с целью поддержания требуемой по технологии температуры расплава при условии постоянства состава штейна. Даны рекомендации по рациональному режиму охлаждения футеровки надслоевого пространства печи.The influence of furnace operating conditions on the heat transfer in Vanyukovs smelting energotechnological complex has been researched on the basis of its polyzonal mathematical model. The quantitative relations have been found allowing to run the melt more effectively to maintain melting temperature required by the technology when composition of matte being constant. The recommendations for efficient operation mode of lining cooling under layer space of the furnace were given