A Wide Multiband T-Slotted, Semicircular Microstrip Patch Antenna for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

A multifrequency semicircularmicrostrip antenna is designed and simulated in this paper using HFSS simulation software. The proposed antenna consists of two quarter rings in different radius with one as perfect ground and other as defect ground structure, with an inverted T-shaped slot. The relationship of the resonant frequency with different physical size parameters for the single one-quarter-ring microstrip antenna is also reported. This designed multiresonant antenna proves increase in bandwidth when defect ground is used as compared to normal or conventional ground plane. The simulation show that proposed designed antenna operates at six different frequencies of 1.7, 1.93, 2.3, 3.03, 3.57 and 3.67 GHz, respectively for normal ground whereas wide bandwidth of 500 MHz is achieved for 1.9 GHz operating frequency

Induced Anticlinic Ordering and Nanophase Segregation of Bow-Shaped Molecules in a Smectic Solvent

Recent experiments indicate that doping low concentrations of bent-core molecules into calamitic smectic solvents can induce anticlinic and biaxial smectic phases. We have carried out Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of mixtures of rodlike molecules (hard spherocylinders with length/breadth ratio $L_{\rm rod}/D = 5$) and bow- or banana-shaped molecules (hard spherocylinder dimers with length/breadth ratio $L_{ban}/D = 5$ or 2.5 and opening angle $\psi$) to probe the molecular-scale organization and phase behavior of rod/banana mixtures. We find that a low concentration (3%) of $L_{ban}/D = 5$ dimers induces anticlinic (SmC$_A$) ordering in an untilted smectic (SmA) phase for $100^\circ \le \psi < 150^\circ$. For smaller $\psi$, half of each bow-shaped molecule is nanophase segregated between smectic layers, and the smectic layers are untilted. For $L_{ban}/D = 2.5$, no tilted phases are induced. However, with decreasing $\psi$ we observe a sharp transition from {\sl intralamellar} nanophase segregation (bow-shaped molecules segregated within smectic layers) to {\sl interlamellar} nanophase segregation (bow-shaped molecules concentrated between smectic layers) near $\psi = 130^\circ$. These results demonstrate that purely entropic effects can lead to surprisingly complex behavior in rod/banana mixtures.Comment: 5 pages Revtex, 7 postscript figure

Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 score as a predictor of survival in endometrial cancer patients

BACKGROUND The incidence of endometrial cancer increases with age and is associated with medical comorbidities such as obesity and diabetes. While a few cohort studies of less than 500 patients showed an association between comorbidity and survival in endometrial cancer patients, the degree of association needs to be better described. The Adult Comorbidity Evaluation 27 (ACE-27) is a validated comorbidity instrument that provides a score (0–3) based on the number and severity of medical comorbidities. OBJECTIVE This study was performed to explore the association between medical comorbidities and survival of endometrial cancer patients. STUDY DESIGN Patients diagnosed with endometrial cancer from 2000–2012 were identified from the prospectively maintained Siteman Cancer Center tumor registry. Patients undergoing primary surgical treatment for endometrioid, serous and clear cell endometrial carcinoma were included. Patients primarily treated with radiation, chemotherapy or hormone therapy were excluded. Patients with uterine sarcomas or neuroendocrine tumors were excluded. Patients with missing ACE-27 scores were also excluded from analysis. Information including patient demographics, ACE-27 score, tumor characteristics, adjuvant treatment and survival data were extracted from the database. The association of ACE-27 and overall as well as recurrence-free survival was explored in a multivariable Cox regression analysis after controlling for variables found to be significantly associated with survival in univariable analysis. RESULTS A total of 2073 patients with a median age of 61 years (range 20–94) at diagnosis were identified. ACE-27 score was 0, 1, 2 and 3 in 22%, 38%, 28% and 12% of patients, respectively. Stage distribution was I (73%), II (5%), III (15%) and IV (7%) and grade distribution was 1 (52%), 2 (23%) and 3 (25%). Most patients had endometrioid histology (87%) followed by serous (11%) and clear cell (3%). The median OS for the entire cohort was 54 months [95% confidence interval (CI) 3, 154 months] and median PFS was 50 months [95% CI 2, 154 months]., On univariable analysis, age, race, marital status, stage, grade, histology and treatment type were significantly associated with overall survival and recurrence-free survival. After adjusting for these covariates, patients with ACE-27 score of 2 had a 52% higher risk of death [95% CI 1.16, 2.00] and patients with ACE-27 score of 3 had a 2.35-fold increased risk of death [95% CI 1.73, 3.21] compared to patients with an ACE-27 score of 0. Similarly, patients with ACE-27 score of 2 had a 38% higher risk of recurrence [95% CI 1.07, 1.78] and patients with ACE-27 score of 3 had a 2.05-fold increased risk of recurrence [95% CI 1.53, 2.75] compared to patients with an ACE-27 score of 0. We found no interaction between ACE-27 score and age, stage or treatment type. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate the importance of comorbidities in estimating the prognosis of endometrial cancer patients, even after adjusting for age and known tumor-specific prognostic factors like stage, grade, histology and adjuvant treatment

Theory of Banana Liquid Crystal Phases and Phase Transitions

We study phases and phase transitions that can take place in the newly discovered banana (bow-shaped or bent-core) liquid crystal molecules. We show that to completely characterize phases exhibited by such bent-core molecules a third-rank tensor $T^{ijk}$ order parameter is necessary in addition to the vector and the nematic (second-rank) tensor order parameters. We present an exhaustive list of possible liquid phases, characterizing them by their space-symmetry group and order parameters, and catalog the universality classes of the corresponding phase transitions that we expect to take place in such bent-core molecular liquid crystals. In addition to the conventional liquid-crystal phases such as the nematic phase, we predict the existence of novel liquid phases, including the spontaneously chiral nematic $(N_T + 2)^*$ and chiral polar $(V_T + 2)^*$ phases, the orientationally-ordered but optically isotropic tetrahedratic $T$ phase, and a novel nematic $N_T$ phase with $D_{2d}$ symmetry that is neither uniaxial nor biaxial. Interestingly, the Isotropic-Tetrahedratic transition is {\em continuous} in mean-field theory, but is likely driven first-order by thermal fluctuations. We conclude with a discussion of smectic analogs of these phases and their experimental signatures.Comment: 28 pgs. RevTex, 32 eps figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.

Clinical significance of Kriyakala in Ayurveda

Ayurveda is an ancient bunch of knowledge which aims at maintaining the health of a healthy individual and curing the diseased one. This is brought by equalizing Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. The term Kriyakala refers to the recognition of the stage of a disease's progress, which helps to determine appropriate measure to correct the imbalance in Doshas (biological factors). It is a compound expression, comprised of Kriya and Kala, where Kriya means the choice to treatment (medicine, food and daily-routine) used to improve the disturbance in Doshas, and Kala refers to the stage of progress of a disease. The six stages mentioned by Acharya Sushruta gives an idea regarding the state of the disease in the body and it guides us when to intervene. Early diagnosis of diseases helps to cure the diseases successfully without much discomfort in planning treatment. The primary objective of this study is to describe the importance of Kriyakala in prognosis and diagnosis of the disease. The concept is traced through classical texts. Kriyakala gives us the knowledge of diagnosis, prognosis and the level of intervention and so that to prevent the establishment of a disease

DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF FAST DISSOLVING TABLETS OF ERGOTAMINE TARTARATE

Objective: The main objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the fast dissolving tablets of ergotamine tartarate with synthetic superdisintegrants. Methods: Various formulations were prepared by direct compression method using different concentrations of crospovidone (12.5%-62.5%) and croscarmallose sodium (12.5%-62.5%) as superdisintegrants. Formulations were evaluated for precompressional parameters and postcompressional parameters like uniformity of weight, thickness, hardness, friability, drug content, wetting time, the water absorption ratio, in vitro disintegration time and in vitro dissolution study. Results: Results revealed that among the 10 formulations, the formulation F5 containing 62.5% of crospovidone and formulation F10 containing 62.5% of croscarmallose sodium was found to be promising formulations. F5 shown disintegration time of 12 seconds and the drug release was up to 96% in 30 minutes and F10 shown disintegration time of 18 seconds and the drug release was up to 89% in 30 minutes. Conclusion: From the result obtained, it can be concluded that formulation of fast dissolving tablet using crospovidone as a superdisintegrant showed improved disintegration and solubility and hence better patient complianc

THE HERBACEOUS DICOTYLEDONOUS AXIS FROM THE DECCAN INTERTRAPPEAN BEDS OF MOHGAONKALAN

The present axis appears pentangular, herbaceous, dicotyledonous showing secondary growth of diffuse porous type. It consist of bark, cork, secondary cortex, secondary phloem, secondary xylem, primary xylem and pith. cortex parenchymatous, secondary xylem consists of vessels, rays, parenchyma, and fibres. Vessel mostly solitary, rays uniseriate and homogenous paratracheal vesicentric parenchyma, primary xylem endarch. Pith large with mucilage cells. &nbsp

Ayurveda View on Disease Progression w.s.r. to Concept of Shatkriyakala: A Review

Ayurveda aims to keep healthy people healthy and helps in the treatment of sick people's diseases. Ayurveda recommended a variety of treatments for balancing Dosha, Dhatu and Mala. Ayurveda portrayed various modalities of sickness determination and Kriyakala is one such methodology which assists or determines different phases of disease progression. The Kriyakala idea encourages specific treatment based on the stage of disease progression. The suitable measures can be taken to address the equilibriums of Doshas based on the specific phases of illness. Ayurveda looked into the idea of Shatkriyakala as a "six stages of disease progression" that can be used to evaluate the disease's pathogenesis in different stages. These six stages are Sanchaya, Prakopa, Prasara, Sthanasamshraya, Vyaktavastha and Bhedavastha. This article discussed six phases of Shatkriyakala, its significance in disease determination and their treatment