Exploring the mixed transport properties of sulfur (VI)-doped Ba2In2O5 for intermediate-temperature electrochemical applications

The temperature dependence of the conductivity of Ba2In1.8S0.2O5+δ associated with different species, protonic, σH, electronic, σe, and oxide-ionic, σo, under wet conditions.</p

The effect of graphene nanoplatelets on the thermal and electrical properties of aluminum nitride ceramics

The thermal conductivity (κ) of AlN (2.9 wt.% of Y_{2}O_{3}) is studied as a function of the addition of multilayer graphene (from 0 to 10 vol.%). The κ values of these composites, fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS), are independently analyzed for the two characteristic directions defined by the GNPs orientation within the ceramic matrix; that is to say, perpendicular and parallel to the SPS pressing axis. Conversely to other ceramic/graphene systems, AlN composites experience a reduction of κ with the graphene addition for both orientations; actually the decrease of κ for the in-plane graphene orientation results rather unusual. This behavior is conveniently reproduced when an interface thermal resistance is introduced in effective media thermal conductivity models. Also remarkable is the change in the electrical properties of AlN becoming an electrical conductor (200 S m⁻¹) for graphene contents above 5 vol.%

Recensiones [Revista de Historia Económica Año V Invierno 1987 n. 1 pp. 143-187]

J.A. García de Cortázar; E. Portera ; E. Cabrera ; M. González Jiménez ; J.E. López de Coca. Organización social del espacio en la España medieval. La Corona de Castilla, siglos VIII-XV (Por Miguel Santamaría Lancho).-- Alberto Marcos Martín. Economía, sociedad y pobreza en Castilla: Palencia, 1500-1814 (Por Enrique Llopis).-- Peguerto Saavedra. Economía, Política y Sociedad en Galicia: La provincia de Mondoñedo, 1480-1830 (Por Anamaría Calavera Vaya).-- John J. Mccusker ; R.R. Menard:. The Economy of British America, 1607-1789 (Por Agustín Guimerá Ravina).-- Carlos D. Malamud Rikles. Cádiz y Saint Malo en el comercio colonial peruano (1698-1725) (Por Carlos Martínez Shaw).-- Scarlet O. Godoy. Rebellions and Revolts in Eighteenth Century Perú and Upper Perú (Por Carlos Malamud Rikles).-- M. Ortega. La lucha por la tierra en la Corona de Castilla al final del Antiguo Régimen. El expediente de la Ley Agraria (Por José Antonio Alvarez Vázquez).-- C. Lis ; H. Soly:. Pobreza y capitalismo en la Europa preindustrial (1350-1850) (Por Rafael Dobado).-- J.M. Delgado ; J.M. Pradera ; C. Martínez Shaw. El comerç entre Catalunya i América (segles XVIII y XIX) (Por Pedro Pérez Herrero).-- Manuel González Portilla. Estado, capitalismo y desequilibrios regionales (1845-1900) (Por Sebastián Coll Martín).-- Peter Hertner y Geoffrey Jones (eds.). Mulíinationals: Theory and History (Por Gabriel Tortella).-- Germán Ojeda ; José Luis San Miguel. Campesinos, emigrantes, indianos. Emigración y economía en Asturias, 1830-1930 (Por David Reher)Publicad

RTP801 is involved in mutant huntingtin-induced cell death

RTP801 expression is induced by cellular stress and has a pro-apoptotic function in non-proliferating differentiated cells such as neurons. In several neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, elevated levels of RTP801 have been observed, which suggests a role for RTP801 in neuronal death. Neuronal death is also a pathological hallmark in Huntington's disease (HD), an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. Currently, the exact mechanisms underlying mutant huntingtin (mhtt)-induced toxicity are still unclear. Here, we investigated whether RTP801 is involved in (mhtt)-induced cell death. Ectopic exon-1 mhtt elevated RTP801 mRNA and protein levels in nerve growth factor (NGF)-differentiated PC12 cells and in rat primary cortical neurons. In neuronal PC12 cells, mhtt also contributed to RTP801 protein elevation by reducing its proteasomal degradation rate, in addition to promoting RTP801 gene expression. Interestingly, silencing RTP801 expression with short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) blocked mhtt-induced cell death in NGF-differentiated PC12 cells. However, RTP801 protein levels were not altered in the striatum of Hdh(Q7/Q111) and R6/1 mice, two HD models that display motor deficits but not neuronal death. Importantly, RTP801 protein levels were elevated in both neural telencephalic progenitors differentiated from HD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells and in the putamen and cerebellum of human HD postmortem brains. Taken together, our results suggest that RTP801 is a novel downstream effector of mhtt-induced toxicity and that it may be relevant to the human disease

Identification of Interleukin-27 (IL-27)/IL-27 Receptor Subunit Alpha as a Critical Immune Axis for In Vivo HIV Control

Intact and broad immune cell effector functions and specific individual cytokines have been linked to HIV disease outcome, but their relative contribution to HIV control remains unclear. We asked whether the proteome of secreted cytokines and signaling factors in peripheral blood can be used to discover specific pathways critical for host viral control. A custom glass-based microarray, able to measure >600 plasma proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication, was used to measure plasma protein profiles in 96 HIV-infected, treatment-naive individuals with high (>50,000) or low (600 soluble proteins, our data highlight the importance of Th17 cells and Wnt/β-catenin signaling in HIV control and especially identify the IL-27/IL-27 receptor subunit alpha (IL-27RA) axis as a predictor of plasma viral load and proviral copy number in the peripheral blood. These data may provide important guidance to therapeutic approaches in the HIV cure agenda

Identification of interleukin-27 (IL-27)/IL-27 receptor subunit alpha as a critical immune axis for in vivo hiv control

Intact and broad immune cell effector functions and specific individual cytokines have been linked to HIV disease outcome, but their relative contribution to HIV control remains unclear. We asked whether the proteome of secreted cytokines and signaling factors in peripheral blood can be used to discover specific pathways critical for host viral control. A custom glass-based microarray, able to measure >600 plasma proteins involved in cell-to-cell communication, was used to measure plasma protein profiles in 96 HIV-infected, treatment-naive individuals with high (> 50,000) or low (<10,000 HIV RNA copies/ml) viral loads. Univariate and regression model analysis demonstrate that plasma levels of soluble interleukin-27 (IL-27) are significantly elevated in individuals with high plasma viremia (P < 0.0001) and are positively correlated with proviral HIV-DNA copy numbers in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) (Rho = 0.4011; P = 0.0027). Moreover, soluble IL-27 plasma levels are negatively associated with the breadth and magnitude of the total virus-specific T-cell responses and directly with plasma levels of molecules involved in Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. In addition to IL-27, gene expression levels of the specific IL-27 receptor (IL27RA) in PBMC correlated directly with both plasma viral load (Rho = 0.3531; P = 0.0218) and the proviral copy number in the peripheral blood as an indirect measure of partial viral reservoir (Rho = 0.4580; P = 0.0030). These results were validated in unrelated cohorts of early infected subjects as well as subjects before and after initiation of antiretroviral treatment, and they identify IL-27 and its specific receptor as a critical immune axis for the antiviral immune response and as robust correlates of viral load and proviral reservoir size in PBMC. IMPORTANCE The detailed knowledge of immune mechanisms that contribute to HIV control is a prerequisite for the design of effective treatment strategies to achieve HIV cure. Cells communicate with each other by secreting signaling proteins, and the blood is a key conduit for transporting such factors. Investigating the communication factors promoting effective immune responses and having potentially antiviral functions against HIV using a novel focused omics approach (Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Modulation of folic acid bioaccessibility by encapsulation in pH-responsive gated mesoporous silica particles

[EN] A study on the controlled release of folic acid (FA) from pH-responsive gated mesoporous silica particles (MSP) is reported. The MCM-41 support was synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as hydrolytic inorganic precursor and the surfactant hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) as porogen species. Calcination of the mesostructured phase resulted in the starting solid. This solid was loaded with FA to obtain the initial support S0. Moreover, this FA-loaded material was further functionalized with 3-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]propyltrimethoxysilane (N3) in order to obtain the gated polyamine-functionalised material S1. Solids S0 and S1 were characterized using standard solid state procedures. It was found that the functionalization process and the inclusion of FA on the pores did not modify the mesoporous structure of the starting material. FA delivery studies in water with solids S0 and S1 were carried out in water at pH 2 and 7.5. S0 was not able to completely inhibit FA delivery at acidic pH yet a rapid FA release at neutral pH was observed in few minutes. In contrast, S1 was tightly capped at pH 2 and displayed a sustained delivery of FA when the pH was switched to 7.5. In the second part of the study, FA loading and functionalization of S1-like supports was optimized. In particular, solids loaded with FA in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and capped with N3 in acetate buffer at pH 2 exhibited a delivery capacity up to 95 &#956;g FA/mg solid. Finally, FA release from the selected optimized supports was studied following an in vitro digestion procedure. The results showed that amine-capped MSP were not only able to hinder the release of the vitamin in gastric fluids (pH 2), but were also capable of deliver progressively the FA in presence of a simulated intestinal juice (pH 7.5) offering a suitable mechanism to control the bioaccessibility of the vitaminAuthors gratefully acknowledge the financial support from the Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (Projects AGL201239597-C02 and MAT2012-38429-004-01) and the Generalitat Valenciana (project PROMETEO/2009/016). E.P. is grateful to the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion for his Grant (AP2008-00620). C.C. thanks the Generalitat Valenciana for her post-doctoral contract VALi+D.Pérez-Esteve, É.; Fuentes López, A.; Coll Merino, MC.; Acosta, C.; Bernardos Bau, A.; Amoros Del Toro, PJ.; Marcos Martínez, MD.... (2015). Modulation of folic acid bioaccessibility by encapsulation in pH-responsive gated mesoporous silica particles. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 202:124-132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2014.09.049S12413220

Genetic and oceanographic tools reveal high population connectivity and diversity in the endangered pen shell Pinna nobilis

For marine meta-populations with source-sink dynamics knowledge about genetic connectivity is important to conserve biodiversity and design marine protected areas (MPAs). We evaluate connectivity of a Mediterranean sessile species, Pinna nobilis. To address a large geographical scale, partial sequences of cytochrome oxidase I (COI, 590 bp) were used to evaluate phylogeographical patterns in the Western Mediterranean, and in the whole basin using overlapping sequences from the literature (243 bp). Additionally, we combined (1) larval trajectories based on oceanographic currents and early life-history traits and (2) 10 highly polymorphic microsatellite loci collected in the Western Mediterranean. COI results provided evidence for high diversity and low inter-population differentiation. Microsatellite genotypes showed increasing genetic differentiation with oceanographic transport time (isolation by oceanographic distance (IBD) set by marine currents). Genetic differentiation was detected between Banyuls and Murcia and between Murcia and Mallorca. However, no genetic break was detected between the Balearic populations and the mainland. Migration rates together with numerical Lagrangian simulations showed that (i) the Ebro Delta is a larval source for the Balearic populations (ii) Alicante is a sink population, accumulating allelic diversity from nearby populations. The inferred connectivity can be applied in the development of MPA networks in the Western Mediterranean.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness [CTM2009-07013]; Ramon y Cajal Fellowship [RYC2014-14970]; Conselleria d'Innovacio, Recerca i Turisme of the Balearic Government; Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness IFCT [IF/00998/2014]; FCT [SFRH/BPD/63703/2009, SFRH/BPD/107878/2015, EXCL/AAG-GLO/0661/2012]; National Science Foundation [OCE-1419450]; Albert II of Monaco Foundationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Experience in Spain with the first patients in home hemodialysis treated with low-flow dialysate monitors

La hemodiálisis domiciliaria (HDD) con monitores de bajo flujo de líquido de diálisis ha ganado popularidad en los últimos años gracias a su sencillez de diseño, portabilidad y capacidad de desplazamiento. No obstante, existen dudas respecto a la adecuación que este tipo de técnica ofrece, pues utiliza monitores con baño a flujos bajos y lactato. El objetivo de este estudio fue demostrar los beneficios clínicos de la HDD con el monitor NxStage System One® introducido recientemente en España. Presentamos los resultados de un estudio observacional, retrospectivo que incluyó de manera no seleccionada a los primeros pacientes con HDD corta mediante este monitor en 12 centros en España. Se analizó la evolución clínica de 86 pacientes a 0, 6 y 12 meses, incluyendo datos relacionados con la prescripción, evolución de parámetros analíticos de dosis de diálisis, anemia, metabolismo óseo-mineral, evolución de la diuresis residual, utilización de fármacos y datos relacionados con permanencia en la técnica, y causas de salida a lo largo del seguimiento. Pudimos demostrar que este monitor proporcionó una adecuada dosis de diálisis, con tasa óptima de ultrafiltración, con mejoría de los principales marcadores bioquímicos de adecuación en diálisis. El uso de esta técnica se asoció con una disminución de antihipertensivos, captores del fósforo y agentes eritropoyéticos, observándose, además, muy buenos resultados de supervivencia tanto del paciente como de la técnica. La sencillez de este monitor unida a sus buenos resultados clínicos debería facilitar el crecimiento y utilización de la HDD, tanto en pacientes incidentes como prevalentes