МЕТОДЫ СОГЛАСОВАНИЯ КВАРТАЛЬНЫХ ОЦЕНОК ВЫПУСКА ПРОДУКТОВ И ОТРАСЛЕЙ С ГОДОВЫМИ ДАННЫМИ О ВЫПУСКЕ ПРОДУКЦИИ

The aim of this article is to introduce a family of methods for reconciling the preliminary quarterly estimates of product and/or industry outputs with the corresponding annual outputs at given values of quarterly total outputs. Mathematical framework of the methods leans on generalized least squares principle, which is applied in linear vector space of output seasonal coefficients. The procedure for reconciling the quarterly and annual data on product and industry outputs is formulated as a separable programming problem with a quadratic objective function and linear constraints. The solution of this problem is obtained in analytical form. Separability of the reconciling problem allows introducing its «product» and «industry» reduced modifications. In particular, reduced modifications of the problem can serve as useful tools for balancing the incomplete sets of preliminary quarterly estimates of the product and industry outputs in order to bring them into conformity with the corresponding fragments of the annual output matrix. Simplicity of practical calculations and a very moderate need for computational resources are valid advantages of the proposed methods. In addition, the methods demonstrate a high degree of flexibility and adaptability in solving problems of reconciling the quarterly estimates of product and/or industry outputs with annual output data. High flexibility is provided by the dependence of the separable programming problem and its reduced modifications on the exogenous parameters that are allowed purposeful varying during calculation process.В статье предложено семейство методов согласования предварительных квартальных оценок выпуска продуктов и/или отраслей с соответствующими показателями годовых выпусков при заданных квартальных объемах выпуска всей произведенной продукции. Математическую основу предложенного подхода составляет метод наименьших квадратов, применяемый в линейном пространстве векторов коэффициентов сезонности выпусков. Проблема согласования квартальных и годовых данных о выпуске продукции в разрезе видов экономической деятельности и отраслей сформулирована в виде общей задачи сепарабельного программирования с квадратичной целевой функцией и линейными ограничениями, решение которой получено в аналитической форме. Сепарабельность общей задачи позволяет ввести в рассмотрение ее «продуктовую» и «отраслевую» редуцированные модификации, которые, в частности, могут служить полезными средствами балансировки неполных наборов предварительных квартальных оценок суммарных объемов выпуска продуктов и отраслей с целью их согласования с соответствующими фрагментами годовой матрицы выпуска. Преимуществами разработанных алгоритмов согласования квартальных оценок выпуска продуктов и/или отраслей с годовыми данными о выпуске продукции являются простота практической реализации расчетов по несложным формулам и весьма умеренная потребность в вычислительных ресурсах. Кроме того, предложенные методы демонстрируют высокую степень гибкости и адаптивности при решении задач согласования квартальных оценок выпуска продуктов и/или отраслей с годовыми данными о выпуске продукции, которая обеспечивается зависимостью общей задачи сепарабельного программирования и ее редуцированных модификаций от наборов экзогенных параметров, допускающих целенаправленное варьирование в ходе выполнения практических расчетов

Crystal Structure Analysis Reveals Functional Flexibility in the Selenocysteine-Specific tRNA from Mouse

Selenocysteine tRNAs (tRNA(Sec)) exhibit a number of unique identity elements that are recognized specifically by proteins of the selenocysteine biosynthetic pathways and decoding machineries. Presently, these identity elements and the mechanisms by which they are interpreted by tRNA(Sec)-interacting factors are incompletely understood.We applied rational mutagenesis to obtain well diffracting crystals of murine tRNA(Sec). tRNA(Sec) lacking the single-stranded 3'-acceptor end ((ΔGCCA)RNA(Sec)) yielded a crystal structure at 2.0 Å resolution. The global structure of (ΔGCCA)RNA(Sec) resembles the structure of human tRNA(Sec) determined at 3.1 Å resolution. Structural comparisons revealed flexible regions in tRNA(Sec) used for induced fit binding to selenophosphate synthetase. Water molecules located in the present structure were involved in the stabilization of two alternative conformations of the anticodon stem-loop. Modeling of a 2'-O-methylated ribose at position U34 of the anticodon loop as found in a sub-population of tRNA(Sec)in vivo showed how this modification favors an anticodon loop conformation that is functional during decoding on the ribosome. Soaking of crystals in Mn(2+)-containing buffer revealed eight potential divalent metal ion binding sites but the located metal ions did not significantly stabilize specific structural features of tRNA(Sec).We provide the most highly resolved structure of a tRNA(Sec) molecule to date and assessed the influence of water molecules and metal ions on the molecule's conformation and dynamics. Our results suggest how conformational changes of tRNA(Sec) support its interaction with proteins

Publisher Correction: A PRDX1 mutant allele causes a MMACHC secondary epimutation in cblC patients

The original version of this Article contained an error in the title, which was incorrectly given as 'APRDX1 mutant allele causes a MMACHC secondary epimutation in cblC patients'. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article to read 'A PRDX1 mutant allele causes a MMACHC secondary epimutation in cblC patients'

Loss of a Conserved tRNA Anticodon Modification Perturbs Plant Immunity

[EN] tRNA is the most highly modified class of RNA species, and modifications are found in tRNAs from all organisms that have been examined. Despite their vastly different chemical structures and their presence in different tRNAs, occurring in different locations in tRNA, the biosynthetic pathways of the majority of tRNA modifications include a methylation step(s). Recent discoveries have revealed unprecedented complexity in the modification patterns of tRNA, their regulation and function, suggesting that each modified nucleoside in tRNA may have its own specific function. However, in plants, our knowledge on the role of individual tRNA modifications and how they are regulated is very limited. In a genetic screen designed to identify factors regulating disease resistance and activation of defenses in Arabidopsis, we identified SUPPRESSOR OF CSB3 9 (SCS9). Our results reveal SCS9 encodes a tRNA methyltransferase that mediates the 2'-O-ribose methylation of selected tRNA species in the anticodon loop. These SCS9-mediated tRNA modifications enhance during the course of infection with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000, and lack of such tRNA modification, as observed in scs9 mutants, severely compromise plant immunity against the same pathogen without affecting the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway which regulates plant immune responses. Our results support a model that gives importance to the control of certain tRNA modifications for mounting an effective immune response in Arabidopsis, and therefore expands the repertoire of molecular components essential for an efficient disease resistance response.This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China (grant 31100268 to PC) and the Spanish MINECO (BFU2012 to PV) and Generalitat Valenciana (Prometeo2014/020 to PV). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ramirez Garcia, V.; González-García, B.; López Sánchez, A.; Castelló Llopis, MJ.; Gil, M.; Zheng, B.; Cheng, P.... (2015). Loss of a Conserved tRNA Anticodon Modification Perturbs Plant Immunity. PLoS Genetics. 11(10):1-27. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1005586S127111

OPTION OF CONSTRUCTION OF AUTOMATIC LANDING SYSTEM FOR UNMANNED AIRCRAFT WITH VERTICAL TAKEOFF AND LANDING

The article presents an option of optoelectronic system for remote measurement of parameters of landing area for helicopter or convertaplane

APPLICATION OF DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING FOR SELECTION OF ROI ON THE IMAGE

The article deals with the method of identifying a region of interest on the image obtained from a TV camera of the measuring system with a laser backlight feature. The method is based on the synchronous modulation of the laser beam and the application of the Hough transformation. The results of this method are presented