Localized shear generates three-dimensional transport

Understanding the mechanisms that control three-dimensional (3D) fluid transport is central to many processes including mixing, chemical reaction and biological activity. Here a novel mechanism for 3D transport is uncovered where fluid particles are kicked between streamlines near a localized shear, which occurs in many flows and materials. This results in 3D transport similar to Resonance Induced Dispersion (RID); however, this new mechanism is more rapid and mutually incompatible with RID. We explore its governing impact with both an abstract 2-action flow and a model fluid flow. We show that transitions from one-dimensional (1D) to two-dimensional (2D) and 2D to 3D transport occur based on the relative magnitudes of streamline jumps in two transverse directions.Comment: Copyright 2017 AIP Publishing. This article may be downloaded for personal use only. Any other use requires prior permission of the author and AIP Publishin

Red Men\u27s March

https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/mmb-ps/2426/thumbnail.jp

Natural History of the Porcine Bioprosthetic Heart Valve

The porcine bioprosthesis has been the prosthetic valve of choice at Henry Ford Hospital since October 1971. By 1979, 23 cases of degeneration had been seen, and the rate seven years after implantation was 16%. Now, with a ten-year follow-up, there are 41 degenerated valves. After seven years, the percent free of degeneration is 88%, (SE of 2% [standard error]); at eight years, 82% (SE of 2.9%,); at nine years, 80% (SE of 3.4%); and at ten years, the percent free of degeneration is 69% (SE of 6.5%,). There was no difference in degeneration between men and women, between aortic or mitral position, or between the valves which were or were not rinsed in antibiotics. The incidence of degeneration was significantly greater in patients under 35 years of age. Contrary to our expectations, the number of valves removed for degeneration has not increased linearly, although the number at risk has continued to rise. In 1977, we removed four valves for degeneration; in 1978, eight valves; in 1979, 77 valves; in 1980, five valves; and in 1981, ten valves. The duration of implantation for degenerated valves has increased from 56 months (SD [standard deviation] of 11 months) in 1977-78 to 77 months (SD of 19 months) in 1981. Analysis of cohorts from 1972,1973, 1974, all now followed for seven years, reveals that at seven years the percent free of degeneration for 1972 is 88% (SE of 4.4%,); for 1973, 83% (SE of 4.8%); and for 1974, 95% (SE of 2.6%). Although a difference is suggested, it is not yet statistically significant (p = .48) due to the small number of valves degenerating. The incidence of porcine bioprosthetic degeneration appears to be decreasing, possibly because valves manufactured later in the series are more durable

Using fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) to diagnose steroid-responsive disease and guide asthma management in routine care

Acknowledgements We thank Robin Taylor for his informative thinking and publications on FeNO, which have helped to influence and direct the thinking of the authors. Funding Extraction of the real-life dataset was funded by Research in Real Life Limited, the analysis of the dataset and the writing of this manuscript were co-funded (50:50) by Research in Real Life Limited and Aerocrine.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Herschel Observations of the W43 "mini-starburst"

Aims: To explore the infrared and radio properties of one of the closest Galactic starburst regions. Methods: Images obtained with the Herschel Space Observatory at wavelengths of 70, 160, 250, 350, and 500 microns using the PACS and SPIRE arrays are analyzed and compared with radio continuum VLA data and 8 micron images from the Spitzer Space Telescope. The morphology of the far-infrared emission is combined with radial velocity measurements of millimeter and centimeter wavelength transitions to identify features likely to be associated with the W43 complex. Results: The W43 star-forming complex is resolved into a dense cluster of protostars, infrared dark clouds, and ridges of warm dust heated by massive stars. The 4 brightest compact sources with L > 1.5 x 10^4 Lsun embedded within the Z-shaped ridge of bright dust emission in W43 remain single at 4" (0.1 pc) resolution. These objects, likely to be massive protostars or compact clusters in early stages of evolution are embedded in clumps with masses of 10^3 to 10^4 Msun, but contribute only 2% to the 3.6 x 10^6 Lsun far-IR luminosity of W43 measured in a 16 by 16 pc box. The total mass of gas derived from the far-IR dust emission inside this region is ~10^6 Msun. Cometary dust clouds, compact 6 cm radio sources, and warm dust mark the locations of older populations of massive stars. Energy release has created a cavity blowing-out below the Galactic plane. Compression of molecular gas in the plane by the older HII region near G30.684-0.260 and the bipolar structure of the resulting younger W43 HII region may have triggered the current mini-star burst.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for A&A Special Issu