Religion in Silapathikaram

Silapathikaram is considered to be the foremost of Tamil manuscripts. It is also titled as Muthamilkappiyam, Nadagakkapiyam and Moovendarkapiyam. The life style of the people of that time, their knowledge of music, their lifestyle, notes on Kanikaiyar clan, notes on other religions, lack of religious education, news about sadukka botham are highlighted in this book and explained in three cantos. Even though Silapathikaram was composed by Ilangovadigal, there are references about other religions too. Religion is a very broad concept. Having faith alone is not religion. Special practices for religion, influence of external religious development, etc. should also be considered. Ilangovadigal who composed Silapathikaram was a Jain but he also mentioned about other religions in it. The purpose of this article is to exemplify the messages that he mentioned in Silapathikaram. In this article, you can find news about Shiva, news about Murugan, notes about Tirumal, news about varunabhutam, kannagi kottam in Silapathikaram

'Parable' Tellers in The Tolkapiyam Theory of Statements

Tolkappiyam, which is an ancient grammar book of Tamil, is not only a grammar book, but it also has the nature of presenting the theory of poetics and can present the theory of poetry in detail. The Tolkappiyam, which has mainly described the Thinai literary tradition, the ancient literary tradition of Tamil, as a theory, has effectively documented the literary heritage of Tamil, i.e., the Thinai literary tradition, by describing it as a poetic theory of how the Agatthinai-Puratthinai literature, which are the components of the Thinai tradition, should be fabricated. In this way, the word "Parable" receives a lot of attention in the context of narrative theory in Agathinai poetics. That is to say, the fact that Tolkappiyam defines the principle of how the parable should be presented or expounded when the claimants make a statement gives rise to various social understandings. On this basis, this thesis explores the gender-social backgrounds that are focused on telling the parable

Nano-structured morphological features of pulsed direct current magnetron sputtered Mo films for photovoltaic applications

Historically, molybdenum thin films have been used as the back contact for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 based solar cells and as such the properties of these layers play an important role in the overall cell structure. This paper describes the production of molybdenum films using pulsed d.c magnetron sputtering from compressed molybdenum powder targets. The films were deposited at different substrate temperatures under constant power and constant current modes, and analysed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and four point resistance probe. Mechanical strain and resistivity were found to decrease with substrate temperature together with a shift in the (110) crystallographic plane towards higher diffraction angles. All films were well adhered to the glass substrates irrespective of their high tensile strain. Surface morphology analysis revealed the presence of nano-structured stress relief patterns which can enhance the nucleation sites for subsequent CuInSe2 deposition. A high-resolution cross sectional image showed the columnar growth of the films. Surface roughness analysis revealed that roughness increased with increase in substrate temperature

Indigenous Tools Used in Sugarcane Farming Systems in South India

Indigenous tools have been in vogue from time immemorial. Indian agriculture has a rich repertoire of indigenous tools designed for different types of crops, each unique in design and functional qualities to aid the farmers in crop cultivation

Small bowel obstruction caused by a carcinoid tumour

Carcinoid tumours are rare neuroendocrine tumours causing a spectrum of symptoms ranging from chronic intestinal obstruction to systemic symptoms like sweating, diarrhoea and right side heart failure. We present here the case history of a male patient aged forty with a carcinoid tumour in the distal small intestine presenting with chronic intermittent intestinal obstruction and no systemic symptoms and metastasis. This case is presented for its rarity

Minimization of Zygomatic Complex Fracture Treatment: A Prospective Study

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION: This study was conducted in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tamilnadu Government Dental College, Chennai-3. Thirty five cases of fractured zygomaticomaxillary complex were chosen and were treated by reducing with Stacey malar hook, and one-point fixation with stainless steel miniplate under local anesthesia. The results obtained have been gratifying. The merits and demerits of this procedure have been discussed. Based on the study, the following conclusions are made, • Two wheeler accidents (without helmets) are the major cause of lateral middle third facial fractures. • Use of the hook and one-point fixation, allows fracture management to be conducted as a level I office procedure. • The technique followed is cost effective. • The frontozygomatic region allows for both, visualization of the fracture reduction as well as for fixation. • The use of miniplate in one of the strongest buttresses of the face allows for stable results with minimized treatment. It can be concluded that zygomatic bone fractures can sufficiently be treated by hook reduction and an internal fixation with one miniplate at the lateral orbital rim. Additional plates at the infraorbital rim or in the region of the zygomaticomaxillary crest are indicated only in cases where the zygomatic bone cannot be reduced by hook reduction and single location fixation. This is by definition necessary only in cases of comminuted fractures. The very small fragments in the region of the facial wall of the maxillary sinus heal without problems as it is well known from the sinus or orthognathic operations. The same has to be postulated for fragments of the orbital floor. The use of minimized therapy in the management of isolated zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures is therefore quite justified as the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages

Parallel Connected VSI Inverter using Multi-carrier based Sinusoidal PWM Technique

This paper explains the simulation and modelling of Parallel operation of VSI inverter using multi-carrier based PWM technique. By this proposed method three level inverter output voltages generated instead of using multilevel inverter or two level dual VSI inverter. This system employs single dc voltage source, which gives supply to both VSI inverter by using parallel connection. The multi-carrier based pulse width modulation technique affianced to control the inverter power switches. The proposed system offers improved output voltage, better current control and reduced harmonic distortion. The simulation results of this proposed system was verified using matlab/simulink