Heat-transfer and pressure distributions for laminar separated flows downstream of rearward-facing steps with and without mass suction

Heat-transfer and pressure distributions were measured for laminar separated flows downstream of rearward-facing steps with and without mass suction. The flow conditions were such that the boundary-layer thickness was comparable to or larger than the step height. For both suction and no-suction cases, an increase in the step height resulted in a sharp decrease in the initial heat-transfer rates behind the step. Downstream, however, the heat transfer gradually recovered back to less than or near attached-flow values. Mass suction from the step base area increased the local heat-transfer rates; however, this effect was relatively weak for the laminar flows considered. Even removal of the entire approaching boundary layer raised the post-step heat-transfer rates only about 10 percent above the flatplate values. Post-step pressure distributions were found to depend on the entrainment conditions at separation. In the case of the solid-faced step, a sharp pressure drop behind the step was followed by a very short plateau and relatively fast recompression. For the slotted-step connected to a large plenum but without suction, the pressure drop at the base was much smaller and the downstream recompression more gradual than that for solid-faced step

iTriplet, a rule-based nucleic acid sequence motif finder

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With the advent of high throughput sequencing techniques, large amounts of sequencing data are readily available for analysis. Natural biological signals are intrinsically highly variable making their complete identification a computationally challenging problem. Many attempts in using statistical or combinatorial approaches have been made with great success in the past. However, identifying highly degenerate and long (>20 nucleotides) motifs still remains an unmet challenge as high degeneracy will diminish statistical significance of biological signals and increasing motif size will cause combinatorial explosion. In this report, we present a novel rule-based method that is focused on finding degenerate and long motifs. Our proposed method, named iTriplet, avoids costly enumeration present in existing combinatorial methods and is amenable to parallel processing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We have conducted a comprehensive assessment on the performance and sensitivity-specificity of iTriplet in analyzing artificial and real biological sequences in various genomic regions. The results show that iTriplet is able to solve challenging cases. Furthermore we have confirmed the utility of iTriplet by showing it accurately predicts polyA-site-related motifs using a dual Luciferase reporter assay.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>iTriplet is a novel rule-based combinatorial or enumerative motif finding method that is able to process highly degenerate and long motifs that have resisted analysis by other methods. In addition, iTriplet is distinguished from other methods of the same family by its parallelizability, which allows it to leverage the power of today's readily available high-performance computing systems.</p

Design definition study of a NASA/Navy lift/cruise fan technology V/STOL airplane: Risk assessment addendum to the final report

An assessment of risk, in terms of delivery delays, cost overrun, and performance achievement, associated with the V/STOL technology airplane is presented. The risk is discussed in terms of weight, structure, aerodynamics, propulsion, mechanical drive, and flight controls. The analysis ensures that risks associated with the design and development of the airplane will be eliminated in the course of the program and a useful technology airplane that meets the predicted cost, schedule, and performance can be produced

Population genetic structure of N. American and European \u3ci\u3ePhalaris arundinacea\u3c/i\u3e L. as inferred from inter-simple sequence repeat markers

Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canarygrass) has become one of the most aggressive invaders of North American wetlands. P. arundinacea is native to temperate N. America, Europe, and Asia, but repeated introductions of European genotypes to N. America, recent range expansions, and the planting of forage and ornamental cultivars complicate the resolution of its demographic history. Molecular tools can help to unravel the demographic and invasion history of populations of invasive species. In this study, inter-simple sequence repeat markers were used to analyze the population genetic structure of European and N. American populations of reed canary grass as well as forage and ornamental cultivars. We found that P. arundinacea harbors a high amount of genetic diversity with most of the diversity located within, as opposed to among, populations. Cluster analyses suggested that current populations are admixtures of two formerly distinct genetic groups

PERANAN SISTEM FULL DAY SCHOOL DALAM MENUMBUHKAN SEMANGAT BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK PADA PEMBELAJARAN PPKn (Studi Deskriptif di SMA Negeri 1 Gantar Kec. Gantar Kab. Indramayu)

Sebelum diterapkannya sistem full day school di dunia pendidikan yang peserta didiknya diharuskan untuk berada di sekolah selama 9 jam masih banyak siswa yang mengeluh atau malas untuk belajar, apalagi dengan diterapkannya sistem full day school yang siswanya diharuskan belajar di sekolah selama 11 jam dengan rentang waktu dari pukul 07.00-16.00 WIB. Untuk mengatasi adanya gesekan yang mungkin akan menimbulkan perpecahan, maka setiap sekolah menerapkan beberapa sanksi untuk memperbaiki sikap dan moral para peserta didikya, salah satu cara yang dilakukan adalah dengan adanya penerapan sanksi-sanksi bagi siapapun yang melanggar peraturan sekolah. Adapun tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu: 1) Mengetahui keadaan di sekolah dalam menumbuhkan semangat belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran PPKn di SMA Negeri 1 Gantar. 2) Mengetahui pelaksanaan sistem full day school dalam menumbuhkan semangat belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran PPKn di SMA Negeri 1 Gantar. 3) Mengetahui peranan sistem full day school dalam menumbuhkan semangat belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran PPKn di SMA Negeri 1 Gantar. 4) Mengetahui hambatan yang muncul dan upaya yang dilakukan dalam menumbuhkan semangat belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran PPKn di SMA Negeri 1 Gantar. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi deskriptif dengan pendakatan kualitatif, dalam penelitian ini yang menjadi subjek adalah Guru mata pelajaran PPKn dan peserta didik kelas XI MIPA 1 dan XII IPS SMA Negeri 1 Gantar. Pengumpulan data dan Instrumen penelitian dalam metode kualitatif yaitu observasi, wawancara, angket, studi dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini sebagai berikut: Melalui wawancara, peranan sistem full day school dalam menumbuhkan semangat belajar peserta sangat berperan dan membantu peserta didik dalam belajar. Dan untuk meningkatkan prestasi peserta didik dengan cara model pembelajaran yang menarik serta sarana dan prasarana yang memadai. Hasil angket yang penulis deskripsikan, keadaan di sekolah dalam menumbuhkan semangat belajar peserta didik di SMA Negeri 1 Gantar dapat di lihat di atas dalam diagram 4.2 menyatakan 56,60% peserta didik menyetujui bahwa peserta didik menyukai suasana belajar yang menyenangkan, adapun 44% lainnya menjawab setuju. Dan untuk meningkatkan semangat belajar peserta didik dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar dapat di lihat di dalam diagram 4.5 menyatakan 0% ragu bahwa prestasi belajar tidak di pengaruhi oleh semangat belajar peserta didik adapun 20,75% sangat setuju, 24,53% setuju, dan 37,74% tidak setuju. Kata Kunci: Sistem Full Day School, Semangat Belajar Peserta Didi

Is there a Future for ArriveCAN at the Land Border?

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic led to the introduction of a number of restrictions as governments around the world sought to implement border management tools that could protect public health. One such example was the ArriveCAN app, introduced by the Government of Canada in November 2020. This advanced data submission tool aimed to reduce the spread of COVID-19 by ensuring arrivals were vaccinated and by facilitating contact tracing. This Border Policy Brief provides a summary of the nearly two-year use of ArriveCAN as a border management tool during the pandemic. We consider its impact on passenger flows through the U.S – Canada land border, the termination of its mandatory use, and its potential implementation going forward