6,495 research outputs found
An investigation of children's peer trust across culture: is the composition of peer trust universal?
The components of children's trust in same-gender peers (trust beliefs, ascribed trustworthiness, and dyadic reciprocal trust) were examined in samples of 8- to 11-year-olds from the UK, Italy, and Japan. Trust was assessed by children's ratings of the extent to which same-gender classmates kept promises and kept secrets. Social relations analyses confirmed that children from each country showed significant: (a) actor variance demonstrating reliable individual differences in trust beliefs, (b) partner variance demonstrating reliable individual differences in ascribed trustworthiness, and (c ) relationship variance demonstrating unique relationships between interaction partners. Cultural differences in trust beliefs and ascribed trustworthiness also emerged and these differences were attributed to the tendency for children from cultures that value societal goals to share personal information with the peer group
Experiences of engaging with mental health services in 16- to 18-year-olds: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Despite older adolescence being a risk period for the development of mental health concerns, mental health service engagement is low among 16- to 18-year-olds. As therapeutic attendance is linked to clinical outcome, it is important to understand engagement in this population. There is a paucity of research looking specifically at the older adolescent engagement phenomenon. Previous qualitative research into adolescent experiences has provided rich and detailed results. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was chosen as the methodological approach. Ten 16- to 18-year-olds were recruited from two London-based child and adolescent mental health services. Each young person was interviewed to understand his or her personal experience of engaging in mental health services, and associated engagement barriers and facilitators. Interviews were transcribed and underwent analysis. Analysis revealed ten subthemes subsumed within four superordinate themes: engagement begins at help seeking, strength of inner resolve, evolution of the self and in the clinic room. Themes are discussed in detail. Conclusions are drawn in relation to previous theory and research. When considering 16- to 18-year understandings of the engagement phenomena, key elements include clinician and service developmental appropriateness, negotiation of developmental tasks in relation to engagement, experience of the physical building environment, and awareness of service policy. Suggestions for clinical practice in relation to engagement facilitators and threat are made, and recommendations for future research proposed
Structure and dynamics of a model glass: influence of long-range forces
We vary the amplitude of the long-range Coulomb forces within a classical
potential describing a model silica glass and study the consequences on the
structure and dynamics of the glass, via molecular dynamics simulations. This
model allows us to follow the variation of specific features such as the First
Sharp Diffraction Peak and the Boson Peak in a system going continuously from a
fragile (no Coulomb forces) to a strong (with Coulomb forces) glass. In
particular we show that the characteristic features of a strong glass
(existence of medium range order, bell-shaped ring size distribution, sharp
Boson peak) appear as soon as tetrahedral units are formed.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures. To be published in J.Phys.: C
The Resolved Asteroid Program - Size, shape, and pole of (52) Europa
With the adaptive optics (AO) system on the 10 m Keck-II telescope, we
acquired a high quality set of 84 images at 14 epochs of asteroid (52) Europa
on 2005 January 20. The epochs covered its rotation period and, by following
its changing shape and orientation on the plane of sky, we obtained its
triaxial ellipsoid dimensions and spin pole location. An independent
determination from images at three epochs obtained in 2007 is in good agreement
with these results. By combining these two data sets, along with a single epoch
data set obtained in 2003, we have derived a global fit for (52) Europa of
diameters (379x330x249) +/- (16x8x10) km, yielding a volume-equivalent
spherical-diameter of 315 +/- 7 km, and a rotational pole within 7 deg of [RA;
Dec] = [257,+12] in an Equatorial J2000 reference frame (ECJ2000: 255,+35).
Using the average of all mass determinations available forEuropa, we derive a
density of 1.5 +/- 0.4, typical of C-type asteroids. Comparing our images with
the shape model of Michalowski et al. (A&A 416, 2004), derived from optical
lightcurves, illustrates excellent agreement, although several edge features
visible in the images are not rendered by the model. We therefore derived a
complete 3-D description of Europa's shape using the KOALA algorithm by
combining our imaging epochs with 4 stellar occultations and 49 lightcurves. We
use this 3-D shape model to assess these departures from ellipsoidal shape.
Flat facets (possible giant craters) appear to be less distinct on (52) Europa
than on other C-types that have been imaged in detail. We show that fewer giant
craters, or smaller craters, is consistent with its expected impact history.
Overall, asteroid (52) Europa is still well modeled as a smooth triaxial
ellipsoid with dimensions constrained by observations obtained over several
apparitions.Comment: Accepted for publication in Icaru
Offset truss hex solar concentrator
A solar energy concentrator system comprises an offset reflector structure made up of a plurality of solar energy reflector panel sections interconnected with one another to form a piecewise approximation of a portion of a (parabolic) surface of revolution rotated about a prescribed focal axis. Each panel section is comprised of a plurality of reflector facets whose reflective surfaces effectively focus reflected light to preselected surface portions of the interior sidewall of a cylindrically shaped solar energy receiver. The longitudinal axis of the receiver is tilted at an acute angle with respect to the optical axis such that the distribution of focussed solar energy over the interior surface of the solar engine is optimized for dynamic solar energy conversion. Each reflector panel section comprises a flat, hexagonally shaped truss support framework and a plurality of beam members interconnecting diametrically opposed corners of the hexagonal framework recessed within which a plurality of (spherically) contoured reflector facets is disposed. The depth of the framework and the beam members is greater than the thickness of a reflector facet such that a reflector facet may be tilted (for controlling the effective focus of its reflected light through the receiver aperture) without protruding from the panel section
Parental bonding and identity style as correlates of self-esteem among adult adoptees and nonadoptees
Adult adoptees (n equals 100) and non-adoptees (n equals 100) were compared with regard to selfesteem, identity processing style, and parental bonding. While some differences were found with regard to self-esteem, maternal care, and maternal overprotection, these differences were
qualified by reunion status such that only reunited adoptees differed significantly from nonadoptees.
Moreover, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that parental bonding and identity processing style were more important than adoptive status per se in predicting self esteem. Implications for practitioners who work with adoptees are discussed
Direct reaction measurements with a 132Sn radioactive ion beam
The (d,p) neutron transfer and (d,d) elastic scattering reactions were
measured in inverse kinematics using a radioactive ion beam of 132Sn at 630
MeV. The elastic scattering data were taken in a region where Rutherford
scattering dominated the reaction, and nuclear effects account for less than 8%
of the cross section. The magnitude of the nuclear effects was found to be
independent of the optical potential used, allowing the transfer data to be
normalized in a reliable manner. The neutron-transfer reaction populated a
previously unmeasured state at 1363 keV, which is most likely the
single-particle 3p1/2 state expected above the N=82 shell closure. The data
were analyzed using finite range adiabatic wave calculations and the results
compared with the previous analysis using the distorted wave Born
approximation. Angular distributions for the ground and first excited states
are consistent with the previous tentative spin and parity assignments.
Spectroscopic factors extracted from the differential cross sections are
similar to those found for the one neutron states beyond the benchmark
doubly-magic nucleus 208Pb.Comment: 22 pages, 7 figure
Economics of education research: a review and future prospects
In this paper we offer an appraisal of the economics of education research area, charting its history as a field and discussing the ways in which economists have contributed both to education research and to education policy-making. In particular, we highlight the theoretical and methodological contributions that economists have made to the field of education during the last 50 years. Despite the success of the economics of education as a field of inquiry, we argue that some of the contributions made by economists could be limited if the economics of education is seen as quite distinct from the other disciplines working in the field of education. In these areas of common interest, economists need to work side by side with the other major disciplines in the field of education if their contribution to the field is to be maximised, particularly in terms of applying improved methodology. We conclude that the study of education acquisition and its economic and social impact in the economics of education research area is very likely to remain a fertile research ground. Acknowledgement
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