Relating Children\u27s Social Competence to Maternal Beliefs and Management Strategies of Peer Relationships

This study explored the links between maternal beliefs about the importance of children\u27s social skills, modes of obtaining social skills, management strategies, and children\u27s social competence. Subjects were 67 mothers whose 3- and 4-year-old children attended one of five preschools in Cache Valley, Utah. Mothers completed questionnaires assessing their beliefs about the importance of social skills, their beliefs about how children acquire social skills, and the ways they are involved in their children \u27s peer relationships. Demographic measures were also completed by the mothers. Classroom teachers completed the Child Behavior Scale on every child in their class, regardless of maternal participation, in order to measure the child\u27s social skills with peers. The results showed that mothers who returned the questionnaires were significantly more likely to have children with lower social competence. Mothers believed that social skills were important for preschool children and rated resolving conflicts, making friends, and sharing as more important than sticking-up for oneself or being a leader. Mothers were slightly more likely to believe that social skills were acquired as a result of innate characteristics. However, they were also more likely to choose an experience explanation for not being considerate of others \u27 feelings and choose an innate explanation for children who were considerate of other children\u27s feelings. When ranking modes of acquisition, mothers who chose an experience or teaching explanation were less likely to believe that social skills were influenced by innate characteristics of the child. Mothers who believed that children gain social skills through experience were also more likely to have children with lower social competence. When testing the hypotheses, links between maternal beliefs about the importance of social skills, maternal management strategies, and children \u27s social competence were not found. No differences were found between maternal beliefs or management strategies of mothers of 3-year-olds and mothers of 4-year-olds. There were also no statistically significant differences in mothers\u27 beliefs or management strategies based upon children\u27s gender. Children\u27s age and gender were not found to be related to children\u27s social competence

Panel Discussion - Management of Eurasian watermilfoil in the United States using native insects: State regulatory and management issues

While researchers have evaluated the potential of native insect herbivores to manage nonindigenous aquatic plant species such as Eurasian watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum L.), the practical matters of regulatory compliance and implementation have been neglected. A panel of aquatic nuisance species program managers from three state natural resource management agencies (Minnesota, Vermont and Washington) discussed their regulatory and policy concerns. In addition, one ecological consultant attempting to market one of the native insects to manage Eurasian watermilfoil added his perspective on the special challenges of distributing a native biological control agent for management of Eurasian watermilfoil

Maternal defensive behavior of mountain goats against predation by golden eagles

Maternal defensive behavior against predators may appear risky but is common in many species. Herein we describe maternal defensive behavior of mountain goats (Oreamnos americanus) against Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos) predatory attempts. We found that Golden Eagles attacked goats in 1.9% of sightings (n = 311 sightings of active Golden Eagles over 12 years) but were never successful. Mothers always defended their young against Golden Eagle attacks. Predation by Golden Eagles on young-of-the-year appears low for most ungulate species, including mountain goats. The benefits of defending offspring against eagles are likely high in ungulates, and we would therefore expect selection to favor maternal defensive behavior

"I Would Quit My Job:" Unpacking Preservice Teachers' Perceptions of Culture and Diversity

With the changing demographics of classrooms across the United States, preservice teachers must be prepared to provide a just and equitable education for all students (Edwards, McMillon, & Turner, 2010; Villegas, 2007).  In order to meet the needs of our increasingly diverse student population, teacher education programs are responsible for providing support to preservice teachers so, as educators, they honor “the differences among cultures, viewing diversity as a benefit, interacting knowledgeably and respectfully among a variety of cultural groups” (Lindsey, Roberts, & Campbell-Jones, 2005, p. xviii). Recognizing the impact of respectful and reciprocal relationships between families and schools, we challenged preservice teachers to reflect upon beliefs, perceptions and biases they held about diverse cultures.  Data collected through the resulting study have implications for how colleges of education can ensure that candidates have the knowledge, skills and dispositions to effectively work with all children and families

Phase separation in hydrogen-helium mixtures at Mbar pressures

The properties of hydrogen-helium mixtures at Mbar pressures and intermediate temperatures (4000 to 10000 K) are calculated with first-principles molecular dynamics simulations. We determine the equation of state as a function of density, temperature, and composition and, using thermodynamic integration, we estimate the Gibbs free energy of mixing, thereby determining the temperature, at a given pressure, when helium becomes insoluble in dense metallic hydrogen. These results are directly relevant to models of the interior structure and evolution of Jovian planets. We find that the temperatures for the demixing of helium and hydrogen are sufficiently high to cross the planetary adiabat of Saturn at pressures around 5 Mbar; helium is partially miscible throughout a significant portion of the interior of Saturn, and to a lesser extent in Jupiter.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures. Published in "Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA

Comparison of the Automated Oscillometric Method With the Gold Standard Doppler Ultrasound Method to Access the Ankle-Brachial Pressure Index

Objective: Despite its screening interest, the ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) remains uncommon in general practice, because it needs training and specific devices as Doppler. Easier methods such as the use of automated oscillometric devices may facilitate the peripheral arterial diseases (PADs) screening. We wanted to assess the reliability of the automated oscillometric measurement of the ABPI, compared with the gold standard Doppler ultrasound measurement. Patients and Method: In 287 patients aged 65 years or older without diagnosed PAD, we performed ABPI measurements with oscillometric and Doppler devices. Reproducibility was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient of agreement (R) and the Bland and Altman method. Results: The intermethod reliability was bad (R = .346, 95% CI = (0.268-0.420)), with a large confidence interval of the individual differences between the 2 methods: 95% CI = (—0.183-0.346). Conclusion: Automatic oscillometric devices cannot be recommended as reliable methods for ABPI measurement

KPP reaction-diffusion equations with a non-linear loss inside a cylinder

We consider in this paper a reaction-diffusion system in presence of a flow and under a KPP hypothesis. While the case of a single-equation has been extensively studied since the pioneering Kolmogorov-Petrovski-Piskunov paper, the study of the corresponding system with a Lewis number not equal to 1 is still quite open. Here, we will prove some results about the existence of travelling fronts and generalized travelling fronts solutions of such a system with the presence of a non-linear spacedependent loss term inside the domain. In particular, we will point out the existence of a minimal speed, above which any real value is an admissible speed. We will also give some spreading results for initial conditions decaying exponentially at infinity

Étude comparative tensiomètre automatique versus doppler à ultrasons dans la mesure de l’index de pression systolique à la cheville (Ipsc)

ObjectifL’évaluation de l’index de pression systolique à la cheville (IPSC) est la méthode non invasive la plus simple de dépistage de l’artériopathie des membres inférieurs (AOMI) mais reste peu usitée en pratique courante, car elle est chronophage, implique un équipement et une formation appropriés. Le but de notre étude est d’évaluer la validité et la fiabilité de la mesure de l’IPSC à l’aide d’un tensiomètre automatique par comparaison avec les résultats obtenus par doppler continu, méthode de référence. Méthodes Les patients de 65 ans et plus hospitalisés au CHU d’Angers de juillet 2008 à mars 2009 en médecine interne et n’ayant pas d’AOMI documentée au moment de l’inclusion ont participé à l’étude. Les critères d’exclusion étaient la présence d’une fibrillation auriculaire et une incompressibilité des artères distales des membres inférieurs. Pour chaque patient, l’IPSC a été évalué par tensiomètre automatique et par la méthode Doppler de référence ; ces mesures étant faites par le même examinateur. La concordance entre les deux mesures était appréciée par la méthode de Bland et Altman et le coefficient de corrélation intraclasse (ICC). Résultats Sur 287 patients participant à l’étude, 221 ont étés inclus. Cinquante-six (25 %) de ces patients avaient un IPSC < 0,90. La concordance entre les deux méthodes était médiocre : ICC à 0,35 ± 0,08 et moyenne à 0,08 ± 0,26 selon la méthode de Bland et Altman. Conclusion La méthode de dépistage de l’AOMI par mesure de l’IPSC par tensiomètre automatique ne peut être retenue comme une alternative à la méthode Doppler