Rendimiento y características de las frutas del 'Superplátano' francés-enano evaluado en tres localidades

The French-type 'Dwarf Superplátano' (Musa AAB), a reverted clone selected from the local false horn-type 'Common Dwarf' plantain, was subjected to various bunch management treatments at three locations. The immature bunches were pruned to either three, four or five uppermost hands. Those pruned to four and five hands were either sprayed with a gibberelllc acid solution or not sprayed. Both sprayed and unsprayed bunches were immediately bagged or left unbagged. Spraying with gibberellic acid and bagging, alone or combined, had no significant effect on bunch yield components nor on fruit traits. Regardless of location, pruning significantly reduced bunch size and the time needed for fruit filling. Bunches pruned to five, four and three hands averaged 79, 66 and 50 fruits, respectively. Pruning from five to three hands significantly reduced fruit filling to 112 days. Pruning also affected bunch yield and bunch mean fruit weight, but the effect varied with location. A reduction in bunch size from five to four hands at Corozal and from four to three hands at Salinas and Yauco substantially reduced bunch yield by 12 and 23%, respectively. Bunch mean fruit weight significantly increased at the expense of reducing bunch size to three hands at Corozal and to four hands at Salinas and Yauco. Bunch mean fruit weight at Corozal was always superior to that at Yauco. Regardless of location, pruning significantly brought about an increase in fruit size in the distal hand. The thickest and largest fruits were produced in bunches pruned to three hands. Likewise, pruning significantly increased mean fruit weight in the distal hand, but the effect varied with location. At Corozal, fruits in the distal hand of bunches pruned to three hands attained the heaviest mean weight, 355 g. Regardless of location, a reduction in hands from five to four upgraded fruits in the distal hand from non-marketable to marketable by increasing their weight to over 270 g. We inferred that under intensive management the French-type 'Dwarf Superplátano' clone with the bunch pruned to four uppermost hands has the potential to yield 173,000 fruits per hectare, equivalent to 57.6 t of fruits per hectare. These fruits conform to the local marketing standards established for the 'Maricongo' plantain.El 'Superplátano' tipo francés-enano (Musa AAB), una selección clonal del plátano local 'Enano-Común' tipo cuerno, se sometió a varios tratamientos de manejo del racimo en tres localidades. Dos semanas después de emerger los racimos tiernos, estos se podaron hasta dejar las tres, cuatro o cinco manos superiores del racimo. Algunos de los racimos podados a cuatro y cinco manos se asperjaron con una solución de ácido giberélico mientras que otros se dejaron sin asperjar. Algunos de los racimos asperjados y sin asperjar se enfundaron con bolsas de polietileno y otros se dejaron sin enfundar. Los tratamientos con el regulador de crecimiento y el enfundado, solos o combinados, no tuvieron efectos significativos sobre los componentes de rendimiento y las características de las frutas. Irrespectivo de la localidad, la poda redujo significativamente el tamaño del racimo y los días necesarios para el engorde de las frutas. Los racimos podados a cinco, cuatro y tres manos promediaron 79, 66 y 50 frutas, respectivamente. La poda a tres manos redujo el tiempo de engorde de las frutas a 112 días. La poda también afectó el peso del racimo y el peso medio de las frutas en el racimo pero el efecto varió por localidad. La reducción en el tamaño del racimo de cinco a cuatro manos en Corozal y de cuatro a tres manos en Salinas y Yauco redujo sustancialmente el rendimiento en 12 y 23%, respectivamente. El peso medio de todas las frutas en el racimo aumentó significativamente a expensas de la reducción en el tamaño del racimo a tres manos en Corozal y a cuatro manos en Salinas y Yauco. El peso medio de las frutas en Corozal fue siempre superior al obtenido en Yauco.  Irrespectivo de la localidad, la poda incrementó significativamente el tamaño de las frutas en la última mano del racimo. Las frutas de mayor grosor y largo se produjeron en los racimos podados a tres manos, igualmente, la poda aumentó sustancialmente el peso medio de las frutas en la última mano pero el efecto dependió de la localidad. En Corozal las frutas en la última mano de los racimos podados a tres manos alcanzaron el mayor peso promediando 355 g. Irrespectivo de la localidad, la reducción en el tamaño del racimo de cinco a cuatro manos promovió la clasificación de las frutas en la última mano de no mercadeables a mercadeables al adquirir un peso mayor a los 270 g. inferimos que bajo manejo intensivo el clon Superplátano francés-enano con el racimo podado a cuatro manos superiores tiene el potencial de producir 173,000 frutas mercadeables por hectárea, equivalente a 57.6 t de frutas por hectárea. Estas frutas cumplen con los requisitos locales de mercadeo establecidos para el plátano 'Maricongo'

Pruebas de campo con trampas para atraer las moscas de las frutas (Díptera: Tephritidae) en huertos comerciales de níspero, mamey sapote, y carambola en Puerto Rico.

Field trials in Puerto Rico were conducted to compare the attractiveness of the standard bait of pelletized torula yeast/borax with a two-component (ammonium acetate and putrescine) synthetic lure for Anastrepha spp. within orchards of sapodilla, mamey sapote, and carambola. In addition, the trapping was conducted to provide information on the fruit fly pressure and species composition within these three fruit crops. In sapodilla and mamey sapote, significantly more female and male flies were collected over the entire collection periods in traps containing torula yeast than with the twocomponent synthetic lure. Fruit fly pressure from predominantly A. suspensa within sapodilla was extremely high; in contrast, very few of either species was found in mamey sapote. Within carambola, significantly more flies were captured with the two-component synthetic lure, and the predominant species was A. obliqua. With both lure types, more female flies than males were captured within all fruit plots.Se llevó a cabo un estudio de campo para comparar la efectividad de trampas de levadura torula y trampas sintéticas de acetato de amonio mezclado con putrescina para atraer las moscas de las frutas (Anastrepha) en huertos de níspero, mamey sapote y carambola. El muestreo también se llevó a cabo para obtener información acerca de la presión que ejercen estas moscas de las frutas en estos cultivos. En mamey sapote y níspero, un número significativamente mayor de moscas hembras y machos se recolectaron en trampas de levadura torula que en trampas de acetato de amonio con putrescina. Anastrepha suspensa fue la especie que ejerció mayor presión en huertos de níspero; sin embargo, muy pocas de ésta u otras especies de moscas de las frutas se encontraron en mamey sapote. En huertos de carambola se capturó un número significativamente mayor de moscas de las frutas utilizando la trampa de citrato de amonio con putrescina; la especie predominante fue Anastrepha obliqua. En ambos tipos de trampas se recolectaron más moscas hembras que machos

Accurate quantification of selenoproteins in human plasma/serum by isotope dilution ICP-MS : focus on selenoprotein P

Acknowledgements The research leading to these results was funded by the EMRP Joint Research Project “Metrology for metalloproteins” (HLT-05 2012). The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union.Peer reviewedPostprin

Glossary of methods and terms used in analytical spectroscopy (IUPAC Recommendations 2019)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of concepts and methods used in spectroscopy in analytical chemistry, covering nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy. © 2021 IUPAC and De Gruyter. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. For more information, please visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ 2021

Overview of the SPMRL 2013 Shared Task: A Cross-Framework Evaluation of Parsing Morphologically Rich Languages

International audienceThis paper reports on the first shared task on statistical parsing of morphologically rich lan- guages (MRLs). The task features data sets from nine languages, each available both in constituency and dependency annotation. We report on the preparation of the data sets, on the proposed parsing scenarios, and on the eval- uation metrics for parsing MRLs given dif- ferent representation types. We present and analyze parsing results obtained by the task participants, and then provide an analysis and comparison of the parsers across languages and frameworks, reported for gold input as well as more realistic parsing scenarios

Human antibodies targeting cell surface antigens overexpressed by the hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer cells: ICAM-1 is a tumor antigen that mediates prostate cancer cell invasion

Transition from hormone-sensitive to hormone-refractory metastatic tumor types poses a major challenge for prostate cancer treatment. Tumor antigens that are differentially expressed during this transition are likely to play important roles in imparting prostate cancer cells with the ability to grow in a hormone-deprived environment and to metastasize to distal sites such as the bone and thus, are likely targets for therapeutic intervention. To identify those molecules and particularly cell surface antigens that accompany this transition, we studied the changes in cell surface antigenic profiles between a hormone-sensitive prostate cancer line LNCaP and its hormone-refractory derivative C4-2B, using an antibody library-based affinity proteomic approach. We selected a naïve phage antibody display library to identify human single-chain antibodies that bind specifically to C4-2B but not LNCaP. Using mass spectrometry, we identified one of the antibody-targeted antigens as the ICAM-1/CD54/human rhinovirus receptor. Recombinant IgG1 derived from this single-chain antibody binds to a neutralizing epitope of ICAM-1 and blocks C4-2B cell invasion through extracellular matrix in vitro. ICAM-1 is thus differentially expressed during the transition of the hormone-sensitive prostate cancer cell line LNCaP to its hormone-refractory derivative C4-2B, plays an important role in imparting the C4-2B line with the ability to invade, and may therefore be a target for therapeutic intervention

Glossary of methods and terms used in analytical spectroscopy (IUPAC Recommendations 2019)

Recommendations are given concerning the terminology of concepts and methods used in spectroscopy in analytical chemistry, covering nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, atomic spectroscopy, and vibrational spectroscopy

Stage-Specific Effects of Candidate Heterochronic Genes on Variation in Developmental Time along an Altitudinal Cline of Drosophila melanogaster

Background: Previously, we have shown there is clinal variation for egg-to-adult developmental time along geographic gradients in Drosophila melanogaster. Further, we also have identified mutations in genes involved in metabolic and neurogenic pathways that affect development time (heterochronic genes). However, we do not know whether these loci affect variation in developmental time in natural populations. Methodology/Principal Findings: Here, we constructed second chromosome substitution lines from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster from an altitudinal cline, and measured egg-adult development time for each line. We found not only a large amount of genetic variation for developmental time, but also positive associations of the development time with thermal amplitude and altitude. We performed genetic complementation tests using substitution lines with the longest and shortest developmental times and heterochronic mutations. We identified segregating variation for neurogenic and metabolic genes that largely affected the duration of the larval stages but had no impact on the timing of metamorphosis. Conclusions/Significance: Altitudinal clinal variation in developmental time for natural chromosome substitution lines provides a unique opportunity to dissect the response of heterochronic genes to environmental gradients. Ontogenetic stage-specific variation in invected, mastermind, cricklet and CG14591 may affect natural variation in development time an

Identification of IGF1, SLC4A4, WWOX, and SFMBT1 as Hypertension Susceptibility Genes in Han Chinese with a Genome-Wide Gene-Based Association Study

Hypertension is a complex disorder with high prevalence rates all over the world. We conducted the first genome-wide gene-based association scan for hypertension in a Han Chinese population. By analyzing genome-wide single-nucleotide-polymorphism data of 400 matched pairs of young-onset hypertensive patients and normotensive controls genotyped with the Illumina HumanHap550-Duo BeadChip, 100 susceptibility genes for hypertension were identified and also validated with permutation tests. Seventeen of the 100 genes exhibited differential allelic and expression distributions between patient and control groups. These genes provided a good molecular signature for classifying hypertensive patients and normotensive controls. Among the 17 genes, IGF1, SLC4A4, WWOX, and SFMBT1 were not only identified by our gene-based association scan and gene expression analysis but were also replicated by a gene-based association analysis of the Hong Kong Hypertension Study. Moreover, cis-acting expression quantitative trait loci associated with the differentially expressed genes were found and linked to hypertension. IGF1, which encodes insulin-like growth factor 1, is associated with cardiovascular disorders, metabolic syndrome, decreased body weight/size, and changes of insulin levels in mice. SLC4A4, which encodes the electrogenic sodium bicarbonate cotransporter 1, is associated with decreased body weight/size and abnormal ion homeostasis in mice. WWOX, which encodes the WW domain-containing protein, is related to hypoglycemia and hyperphosphatemia. SFMBT1, which encodes the scm-like with four MBT domains protein 1, is a novel hypertension gene. GRB14, TMEM56 and KIAA1797 exhibited highly significant differential allelic and expressed distributions between hypertensive patients and normotensive controls. GRB14 was also found relevant to blood pressure in a previous genetic association study in East Asian populations. TMEM56 and KIAA1797 may be specific to Taiwanese populations, because they were not validated by the two replication studies. Identification of these genes enriches the collection of hypertension susceptibility genes, thereby shedding light on the etiology of hypertension in Han Chinese populations

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. Methods: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015. Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years, 65 to 80 years, and = 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. Results: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 = 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients =80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%, 65 years; 20.5%, 65-79 years; 31.3%, =80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%, <65 years;30.1%, 65-79 years;34.7%, =80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%, =80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age = 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI = 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88), and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared, the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. Conclusion: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age = 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI), and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group