Operators between subspaces and quotients of L1

We provide an unified approach of results of L. Dor on the complementation of the range, and of D. Alspach on the nearness from isometries, of small into isomorphisms of L1. We introduce the notion of small subspace of L1 and show lifting theorems for operators between quotients of L1 by small subspaces. We construct a subspace of L1 which shows that extension of isometries from subspaces of L1 to the whole space are no longer true for isomorphisms, and that nearly isometric isomorphisms from subspaces of L1 into L1 need not be near from any isometry.Comment: 35 page

: Anticiper les évolutions pour les accompagner et les maîtriser

Cette recherche comprend quatre volets.Le premier présente le fonctionnement d’outils numériques existants d’analyse mathématique du droit. L’intelligence artificielle permet de modéliser certains aspects de l’activité juridique. En appliquant une méthodologie rigoureuse, on peut en particulier présenter l’éventail des décisions qui seraient prises par une juridiction donnée sur un dossier caractérisé par quelques dizaines de critères. Cette quantification fine de l’aléa judiciaire, qui va bien au-delà de simples statistiques, permet de comprendre et d’analyser les pratiques et, le cas échéant, de les faire évoluer.Le deuxième volet est consacré à l’encadrement juridique de ces Modes Algorithmiques d’Analyse des Décisions (MAAD).Leur domaine de compétence identifié - les contentieux juridiquement analogues – leur cadre juridique s’articule principalement autour de quatre points :- les réutilisations des données judiciaires- l’éthique avec un principe de transparence qui s’applique aux méthodes et aux résultats- les responsabilités que le fait générateur soit constitué par une faute présumée ou qu’il provienne de l’autonomie de l’algorithme- l’intégration des MAAD à des procédures dématérialisées de règlement judiciaire et extra-judiciaire des litigesDans le troisième volet, une enquête a été menée auprès des présidents des tribunaux de grande instance et des Cours d’appel de métropole et d’outre-mer ainsi que de la Cour de cassation dans l’objectif de connaître leur perception de ces outils, leurs attentes et leurs suggestions quant à leur emploi. Elle a permis de recueillir les avis de magistrats intéressés par ces outils. Les magistrats soulignent la nécessité de réguler leur conception et d’accompagner leurs usages.Le quatrième volet, sociologique, montre que les dynamiques internes au champ juridique, qui se traduisent par l’« appropriation des nouveaux outils par les acteurs du droit », seront déterminantes dans le processus de changement qui devrait se traduire par une montée en puissance des algorithmes au sein de l’institution qu’est la Justice Si d’importantes forces de changement sont déjà à l’œuvre, elles reposent sur la mobilisation d’acteurs aux caractéristiques spécifiques plutôt « subalternes » dans lechamp juridique voire, s’agissant des dirigeants de start up , clairement périphériques. Ces derniers apparaissent atypiques par l eur trajectoire, qu’elle soit professionnelle ou profane, et leur attitude réformatrice plus ou moins « radicale » relativement au monde du droit et de la justice

Carthagene [Material gráfico]

Il. nº. 67 en: Souvenirs pittoresques / Bacler D`Albe, 182

The impact of four years of semiannual treatments with albendazole alone on lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections: A community-based study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization now recommends semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) of albendazole with integrated vector management as an option for eliminating lymphatic filariasis (LF) in areas of loiasis-endemic countries where it may not be safe to use diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin in MDA programs. However, the published evidence base to support this policy is thin, and uptake by national programs has been slow. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We conducted a community trial to assess the impact of semiannual MDA on lymphatic filariasis and soil-transmitted helminth infections (STH) in two villages in the Bandundu province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo with moderately high prevalences for LF and hookworm infections. MDA with albendazole was provided every six months from June 2014 to December 2017 with treatment coverages of the eligible population (all ≥ 2 year of age) that ranged between 56% and 88%. No adverse effects were reported during the trial. Evaluation at 48 months, (i.e. 6 months after the 8th round of MDA), showed that W. bancrofti microfilaremia (Mf) prevalence in the study communities had decreased between 2014 to 2018 from 12% to 0.9% (p\u3c0.001). The prevalence of W. bancrofti antigenemia was also significantly reduced from 31.6% to 8.5% (p\u3c0.001). MDA with albendazole also reduced hookworm, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura infection prevalences in the community from 58.6% to 21.2% (p\u3c0.001), from 14.0% to 1.6% and 4.1% to 2.9%, respectively. Hookworm and Ascaris infection intensities were reduced by 93% (p = 0.02) and 57% (p = 0.03), respectively. In contrast, Trichuris infection intensity was not significantly reduced by MDA (p = 0.61) over this time period. CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These results provide strong evidence that semiannual MDA with albendazole alone is a safe and effective strategy for LF elimination in Central Africa. Community MDA also had a major impact on STH infections

Results from 2 cohort studies in central Africa show that clearance of Wuchereria bancrofti infection after repeated rounds of mass drug administration with albendazole alone is closely linked to individual adherence

BACKGROUND: Two community trials conducted from 2012 to 2018 in the Republic of Congo and the Democratic Republic of the Congo demonstrated the efficacy of semiannual mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole (ALB) alone on lymphatic filariasis (LF). However, a high interindividual heterogeneity in the clearance of infection was observed. METHODS: We analyzed trial data to assess the effect of individual adherence to ALB MDA on clearance of circulating filarial antigenemia (CFA) and microfilaremia. Community residents were offered a single dose of ALB every 6 months and tested for LF with a rapid test for CFA at baseline and then annually. CFA test results were scored on a semiquantitative scale. At each round, microfilaremia was assessed in CFA-positive individuals. All CFA-positive individuals for whom at least 1 follow-up measure was available were included in the analyses. Parametric survival models were used to assess the influence of treatment adherence on LF infection indicators. RESULTS: Of 2658 individuals enrolled in the trials, 394 and 129 were eligible for analysis of CFA and microfilaremia clearance, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, and initial CFA score, the predicted mean time for clearing CFA was shorter in persons who had taken 2 doses of ALB per year (3.9 years) than in persons who had taken 1 or 0 dose (4.4 and 5.3 years; P \u3c .001 for both). A similar pattern was observed for microfilaremia clearance. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate a clear dose-response relationship for the effect of ALB on clearance of CFA and microfilaremia

Hypercyclic algebras for convolution and composition operators

[EN] We provide an alternative proof to those by Shkarin and by Bayart and Matheron that the operator D of complex differentiation supports a hypercyclic algebra on the space of entire functions. In particular we obtain hypercyclic algebras for many convolution operators not induced by polynomials, such as , , or , where . In contrast, weighted composition operators on function algebras of analytic functions on a plane domain fail to support supercyclic algebras.This work is supported in part by MEC, Project MTM 2016-7963-P. We also thank Angeles Prieto for comments and suggestions.Bès, J.; Conejero, JA.; Papathanasiou, D. (2018). Hypercyclic algebras for convolution and composition operators. Journal of Functional Analysis. 274(10):2884-2905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfa.2018.02.003S288429052741