MUJERES, Y TAMBIÉN ARQUEOLOGÍA. SEXUAR EL PASADO Y EL PRESENTE

Sexingthereality,eitherinthepastandthepresent,highlightingtheroleofwomen, as a group that must assume the work of basic production of bodies, is what allows us to address the material conditions and the quality of life and access to social wealth in its existence. Against the ideology of Capitalism, and the persistence of Patriarchy, we question the individualism and relativism that has been imposing notions and approaches alien to feminist fights in the recent decades, also in Archaeology. Therefore, we underline the need not to confuse dimensions that involve women, so that work, economy and production, sexual orientation, political classifications and ideological and identity referents are clearly demarcated and contextualized. Finally, we consider evidence and problems of the reality of women in archaeological research in the South Coast of Peru (from the Chincha valley to the Rio Grande de Nasca basin), between c. 1400 cal BCE and 400 cal CE), using information on attires.Sexuar la realidad, en el pasado y el presente, destacando el protagonismo de las mujeres, como colectivo que necesariamente asume el trabajo de la producción de sujetos sociales, nos permite abordar las condiciones materiales, la calidad de vida y el acceso a la riqueza social existente en una comunidad. Frente a la ideología del Capitalismo, y a la persistencia del Patriarcado, cuestionamos el individualismo y relativismo que insistentemente impone nociones y enfoques ajenos a las luchas feministas en las últimas décadas. A esta circunstancia no ha sido ajena la Arqueología. Por eso subrayamos la necesidad de no confundir dimensiones y conceptos que involucren a las mujeres, de manera que trabajo, economía y producción, orientación sexual, clasificaciones políticas y referentes ideológicos e identitarios queden claramente demarcados y contextualizados. Finalmente, esbozamos evidencias y problemas de la realidad del colectivo femenino en investigaciones arqueológicas en la Costa Sur del Perú (desde el valle de Chincha a la cuenca del Río Grande de Nasca), entre c. 1400 cal ANE y 400 cal DNE), utilizando información sobre atuendos

The Genome of the Toluene-Degrading Pseudomonas veronii Strain 1YdBTEX2 and Its Differential Gene Expression in Contaminated Sand.

The natural restoration of soils polluted by aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and m- and p-xylene (BTEX) may be accelerated by inoculation of specific biodegraders (bioaugmentation). Bioaugmentation mainly involves introducing bacteria that deploy their metabolic properties and adaptation potential to survive and propagate in the contaminated environment by degrading the pollutant. In order to better understand the adaptive response of cells during a transition to contaminated material, we analyzed here the genome and short-term (1 h) changes in genome-wide gene expression of the BTEX-degrading bacterium Pseudomonas veronii 1YdBTEX2 in non-sterile soil and liquid medium, both in presence or absence of toluene. We obtained a gapless genome sequence of P. veronii 1YdBTEX2 covering three individual replicons with a total size of 8 Mb, two of which are largely unrelated to current known bacterial replicons. One-hour exposure to toluene, both in soil and liquid, triggered massive transcription (up to 208-fold induction) of multiple gene clusters, such as toluene degradation pathway(s), chemotaxis and toluene efflux pumps. This clearly underlines their key role in the adaptive response to toluene. In comparison to liquid medium, cells in soil drastically changed expression of genes involved in membrane functioning (e.g., lipid composition, lipid metabolism, cell fatty acid synthesis), osmotic stress response (e.g., polyamine or trehalose synthesis, uptake of potassium) and putrescine metabolism, highlighting the immediate response mechanisms of P. veronii 1YdBTEX2 for successful establishment in polluted soil

Intracellular SERS nanoprobes for distinction of different neuronal cell types.

Distinction between closely related and morphologically similar cells is difficult by conventional methods especially without labeling. Using nuclear-targeted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as intracellular probes we demonstrate the ability to distinguish between progenitor and differentiated cell types in a human neuroblastoma cell line using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). SERS spectra from the whole cell area as well as only the nucleus were analyzed using principal component analysis that allowed unambiguous distinction of the different cell types. SERS spectra from the nuclear region showed the developments during cellular differentiation by identifying an increase in DNA/RNA ratio and proteins transcribed. Our approach using nuclear-targeted AuNPs and SERS imaging provides label-free and noninvasive characterization that can play a vital role in identifying cell types in biomedical stem cell research

Exotic fish in exotic plantations: a multi-scale approach to understand amphibian occurrence in the mediterranean region

Globally, amphibian populations are threatened by a diverse range of factors including habitat destruction and alteration. Forestry practices have been linked with low diversity and abundance of amphibians. The effect of exotic Eucalyptus spp. plantations on amphibian communities has been studied in a number of biodiversity hotspots, but little is known of its impact in the Mediterranean region. Here, we identify the environmental factors influencing the presence of six species of amphibians (the Caudata Pleurodeles waltl, Salamandra salamandra, Lissotriton boscai, Triturus marmoratus and the anurans Pelobates cultripes and Hyla arborea/meridionalis) occupying 88 ponds. The study was conducted in a Mediterranean landscape dominated by eucalypt plantations alternated with traditional use (agricultural, montados and native forest) at three different scales: local (pond), intermediate (400 metres radius buffer) and broad (1000 metres radius buffer). Using the Akaike Information Criterion for small samples (AICc), we selected the top-ranked models for estimating the probability of occurrence of each species at each spatial scale separately and across all three spatial scales, using a combination of covariates from the different magnitudes. Models with a combination of covariates at the different spatial scales had a stronger support than those at individual scales. The presence of predatory fish in a pond had a strong effect on Caudata presence. Permanent ponds were selected by Hyla arborea/meridionalis over temporary ponds. Species occurrence was not increased by a higher density of streams, but the density of ponds impacted negatively on Lissotriton boscai. The proximity of ponds occupied by their conspecifics had a positive effect on the occurrence of Lissotriton boscai and Pleurodeles waltl. Eucalypt plantations had a negative effect on the occurrence of the newt Lissotriton boscai and anurans Hyla arborea/meridionalis, but had a positive effect on the presence of Salamandra salamandra, while no effect on any of the other species was detected. In conclusion, eucalypts had limited effects on the amphibian community at the intermediate and broad scales, but predatory fish had a major impact when considering all the scales combined. The over-riding importance of introduced fish as a negative impact suggests that forest managers should prevent new fish introductions and eradicate fish from already-occupied ponds whenever possible