92 research outputs found
Using Synchronic and Diachronic Relations for Summarizing Multiple Documents Describing Evolving Events
In this paper we present a fresh look at the problem of summarizing evolving
events from multiple sources. After a discussion concerning the nature of
evolving events we introduce a distinction between linearly and non-linearly
evolving events. We present then a general methodology for the automatic
creation of summaries from evolving events. At its heart lie the notions of
Synchronic and Diachronic cross-document Relations (SDRs), whose aim is the
identification of similarities and differences between sources, from a
synchronical and diachronical perspective. SDRs do not connect documents or
textual elements found therein, but structures one might call messages.
Applying this methodology will yield a set of messages and relations, SDRs,
connecting them, that is a graph which we call grid. We will show how such a
grid can be considered as the starting point of a Natural Language Generation
System. The methodology is evaluated in two case-studies, one for linearly
evolving events (descriptions of football matches) and another one for
non-linearly evolving events (terrorist incidents involving hostages). In both
cases we evaluate the results produced by our computational systems.Comment: 45 pages, 6 figures. To appear in the Journal of Intelligent
Information System
Michigan molecular interactions r2: from interacting proteins to pathways
Molecular interaction data exists in a number of repositories, each with its own data format, molecule identifier and information coverage. Michigan molecular interactions (MiMI) assists scientists searching through this profusion of molecular interaction data. The original release of MiMI gathered data from well-known protein interaction databases, and deep merged this information while keeping track of provenance. Based on the feedback received from users, MiMI has been completely redesigned. This article describes the resulting MiMI Release 2 (MiMIr2). New functionality includes extension from proteins to genes and to pathways; identification of highlighted sentences in source publications; seamless two-way linkage with Cytoscape; query facilities based on MeSH/GO terms and other concepts; approximate graph matching to find relevant pathways; support for querying in bulk; and a user focus-group driven interface design. MiMI is part of the NIH's; National Center for Integrative Biomedical Informatics (NCIBI) and is publicly available at: http://mimi.ncibi.org
The Structure of the EU Mediasphere
Background.
A trend towards automation of scientific research has recently resulted in what has been termed âdata-driven inquiryâ in various disciplines, including physics and biology. The automation of many tasks has been identified as a possible future also for the humanities and the social sciences, particularly in those disciplines concerned with the analysis of text, due to the recent availability of millions of books and news articles in digital format. In the social sciences, the analysis of news media is done largely by hand and in a hypothesis-driven fashion: the scholar needs to formulate a very specific assumption about the patterns that might be in the data, and then set out to verify if they are present or not.
Methodology/Principal Findings.
In this study, we report what we think is the first large scale content-analysis of cross-linguistic text in the social sciences, by using various artificial intelligence techniques. We analyse 1.3 M news articles in 22 languages detecting a clear structure in the choice of stories covered by the various outlets. This is significantly affected by objective national, geographic, economic and cultural relations among outlets and countries, e.g., outlets from countries sharing strong economic ties are more likely to cover the same stories. We also show that the deviation from average content is significantly correlated with membership to the eurozone, as well as with the year of accession to the EU.
Conclusions/Significance.
While independently making a multitude of small editorial decisions, the leading media of the 27 EU countries, over a period of six months, shaped the contents of the EU mediasphere in a way that reflects its deep geographic, economic and cultural relations. Detecting these subtle signals in a statistically rigorous way would be out of the reach of traditional methods. This analysis demonstrates the power of the available methods for significant automation of media content analysis
Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Haberlea rhodopensis
Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a primary physics goal of observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillation patterns to precisely measure the parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation in a single experiment, and to test the three-flavor paradigm. DUNE's design has been developed by a large, international collaboration of scientists and engineers to have unique capability to measure neutrino oscillation as a function of energy in a broadband beam, to resolve degeneracy among oscillation parameters, and to control systematic uncertainty using the exquisite imaging capability of massive LArTPC far detector modules and an argon-based near detector. DUNE's neutrino oscillation measurements will unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass ordering and provide the sensitivity to discover CP violation in neutrinos for a wide range of possible values of ÎŽCP. DUNE is also uniquely sensitive to electron neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, and to a broad range of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), including nucleon decays. DUNE is anticipated to begin collecting physics data with Phase I, an initial experiment configuration consisting of two far detector modules and a minimal suite of near detector components, with a 1.2 MW proton beam. To realize its extensive, world-leading physics potential requires the full scope of DUNE be completed in Phase II. The three Phase II upgrades are all necessary to achieve DUNE's physics goals: (1) addition of far detector modules three and four for a total FD fiducial mass of at least 40 kt, (2) upgrade of the proton beam power from 1.2 MW to 2.4 MW, and (3) replacement of the near detector's temporary muon spectrometer with a magnetized, high-pressure gaseous argon TPC and calorimeter
Snowmass Neutrino Frontier: DUNE Physics Summary
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is a next-generation
long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment with a primary physics goal of
observing neutrino and antineutrino oscillation patterns to precisely measure
the parameters governing long-baseline neutrino oscillation in a single
experiment, and to test the three-flavor paradigm. DUNE's design has been
developed by a large, international collaboration of scientists and engineers
to have unique capability to measure neutrino oscillation as a function of
energy in a broadband beam, to resolve degeneracy among oscillation parameters,
and to control systematic uncertainty using the exquisite imaging capability of
massive LArTPC far detector modules and an argon-based near detector. DUNE's
neutrino oscillation measurements will unambiguously resolve the neutrino mass
ordering and provide the sensitivity to discover CP violation in neutrinos for
a wide range of possible values of . DUNE is also uniquely
sensitive to electron neutrinos from a galactic supernova burst, and to a broad
range of physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM), including nucleon decays.
DUNE is anticipated to begin collecting physics data with Phase I, an initial
experiment configuration consisting of two far detector modules and a minimal
suite of near detector components, with a 1.2 MW proton beam. To realize its
extensive, world-leading physics potential requires the full scope of DUNE be
completed in Phase II. The three Phase II upgrades are all necessary to achieve
DUNE's physics goals: (1) addition of far detector modules three and four for a
total FD fiducial mass of at least 40 kt, (2) upgrade of the proton beam power
from 1.2 MW to 2.4 MW, and (3) replacement of the near detector's temporary
muon spectrometer with a magnetized, high-pressure gaseous argon TPC and
calorimeter.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 202
A Gaseous Argon-Based Near Detector to Enhance the Physics Capabilities of DUNE
This document presents the concept and physics case for a magnetized gaseous argon-based detector system (ND-GAr) for the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector. This detector system is required in order for DUNE to reach its full physics potential in the measurement of CP violation and in delivering precision measurements of oscillation parameters. In addition to its critical role in the long-baseline oscillation program, ND-GAr will extend the overall physics program of DUNE. The LBNF high-intensity proton beam will provide a large flux of neutrinos that is sampled by ND-GAr, enabling DUNE to discover new particles and search for new interactions and symmetries beyond those predicted in the Standard Model
Identification and reconstruction of low-energy electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector
Measurements of electrons from interactions are crucial for the Deep
Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) neutrino oscillation program, as well as
searches for physics beyond the standard model, supernova neutrino detection,
and solar neutrino measurements. This article describes the selection and
reconstruction of low-energy (Michel) electrons in the ProtoDUNE-SP detector.
ProtoDUNE-SP is one of the prototypes for the DUNE far detector, built and
operated at CERN as a charged particle test beam experiment. A sample of
low-energy electrons produced by the decay of cosmic muons is selected with a
purity of 95%. This sample is used to calibrate the low-energy electron energy
scale with two techniques. An electron energy calibration based on a cosmic ray
muon sample uses calibration constants derived from measured and simulated
cosmic ray muon events. Another calibration technique makes use of the
theoretically well-understood Michel electron energy spectrum to convert
reconstructed charge to electron energy. In addition, the effects of detector
response to low-energy electron energy scale and its resolution including
readout electronics threshold effects are quantified. Finally, the relation
between the theoretical and reconstructed low-energy electron energy spectrum
is derived and the energy resolution is characterized. The low-energy electron
selection presented here accounts for about 75% of the total electron deposited
energy. After the addition of lost energy using a Monte Carlo simulation, the
energy resolution improves from about 40% to 25% at 50~MeV. These results are
used to validate the expected capabilities of the DUNE far detector to
reconstruct low-energy electrons.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure
A Gaseous Argon-Based Near Detector to Enhance the Physics Capabilities of DUNE
This document presents the concept and physics case for a magnetized gaseous
argon-based detector system (ND-GAr) for the Deep Underground Neutrino
Experiment (DUNE) Near Detector. This detector system is required in order for
DUNE to reach its full physics potential in the measurement of CP violation and
in delivering precision measurements of oscillation parameters. In addition to
its critical role in the long-baseline oscillation program, ND-GAr will extend
the overall physics program of DUNE. The LBNF high-intensity proton beam will
provide a large flux of neutrinos that is sampled by ND-GAr, enabling DUNE to
discover new particles and search for new interactions and symmetries beyond
those predicted in the Standard Model.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 202
Impact of cross-section uncertainties on supernova neutrino spectral parameter fitting in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment
A primary goal of the upcoming Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) is
to measure the MeV neutrinos produced by a Galactic
core-collapse supernova if one should occur during the lifetime of the
experiment. The liquid-argon-based detectors planned for DUNE are expected to
be uniquely sensitive to the component of the supernova flux, enabling
a wide variety of physics and astrophysics measurements. A key requirement for
a correct interpretation of these measurements is a good understanding of the
energy-dependent total cross section for charged-current
absorption on argon. In the context of a simulated extraction of
supernova spectral parameters from a toy analysis, we investigate the
impact of modeling uncertainties on DUNE's supernova neutrino
physics sensitivity for the first time. We find that the currently large
theoretical uncertainties on must be substantially reduced
before the flux parameters can be extracted reliably: in the absence of
external constraints, a measurement of the integrated neutrino luminosity with
less than 10\% bias with DUNE requires to be known to about 5%.
The neutrino spectral shape parameters can be known to better than 10% for a
20% uncertainty on the cross-section scale, although they will be sensitive to
uncertainties on the shape of . A direct measurement of
low-energy -argon scattering would be invaluable for improving the
theoretical precision to the needed level.Comment: 25 pages, 21 figure
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