Finanzierungsprobleme des Mittelstandes durch Basel II?

Der Mittelstand befürchtet durch die Neufassung der Baseler Eigenkapitalrichtlinien für Kreditinstitute Finanzierungsschwierigkeiten. Welche Bedeutung haben Bankkredite gegenwärtig bei der Finanzierung mittelständischer Unternehmen? Wird es als Folge von Basel II zu einer Kreditverknappung kommen

Finanzierungsprobleme des Mittelstandes durch Basel II?

Der Mittelstand befürchtet durch die Neufassung der Baseler Eigenkapitalrichtlinien für Kreditinstitute Finanzierungsschwierigkeiten. Welche Bedeutung haben Bankkredite gegenwärtig bei der Finanzierung mittelständischer Unternehmen? Wird es als Folge von Basel II zu einer Kreditverknappung kommen? --

A canonical ensemble approach to graded-response perceptrons

Perceptrons with graded input-output relations and a limited output precision are studied within the Gardner-Derrida canonical ensemble approach. Soft non- negative error measures are introduced allowing for extended retrieval properties. In particular, the performance of these systems for a linear and quadratic error measure, corresponding to the perceptron respectively the adaline learning algorithm, is compared with the performance for a rigid error measure, simply counting the number of errors. Replica-symmetry-breaking effects are evaluated.Comment: 26 pages, 10 ps figure

The difference between saying and doing when it comes to training volume: Effect of motives of sport activity, age, gender and pain on training volume [Der Unterschied zwischen Sagen und Tun beim Trainingsfleiß: Effekte von Motiven sportlicher Aktivität, Alter, Geschlecht und Schmerzen auf den Trainingsumfang sportlicher Aktivitäten]

Background Health, joy/fun, body shape and society are motives for physical exercise. So far, the impact of the strength of these factors on the training scope is unclear. The study aims to analyse the association between these motives, age, gender, back pain and training volume. Materials and methods In this study, 792 participants (68% women and 32% men, mean age 53.5 years, standard deviation 11.9, range 24–85 years) were asked about their motives for physical activities, their back pain and their volume of training. Regression analyses were performed to assess the effects of the motives on training volume. Results In women, the motives joy (B$_{joy}$ = 0.23, t = 3.6, p < 0.001, r = 0.25), body shape (B$_{body shape}$ = 0.127, t = 2.0, p = 0.05, r = 0.16) and age (B$_{age}$ = 0.03, t = 2.5, p = 0.01, r = 0.17) had small (age, body shape) to medium effects (joy) on training volume. In men, only back pain had a significant positive effect (B$_{back pain}$ = 1.4, t = 4.2, p < 0.001, r = 0.35) on training volume (strong effect). Discussion and conclusion For active women, the pleasure felt during training (intrinsic motivation) and the desire for a better figure (introjected regulation = meeting external requirements) promote the amount of training. For active men, the solution to the health problem is possibly in the foreground: the greater the problem (back pain), the higher the training volume. Presumably, they have made the experience that physical training reduces back pain

European fitness landscape for children and adolescents: updated reference values, fitness maps and country rankings based on nearly 8 million test results from 34 countries gathered by the FitBack network

Objectives (1) To develop reference values for health-related fitness in European children and adolescents aged 6–18 years that are the foundation for the web-based, open-access and multilanguage fitness platform (FitBack); (2) to provide comparisons across European countries. Methods This study builds on a previous large fitness reference study in European youth by (1) widening the age demographic, (2) identifying the most recent and representative country-level data and (3) including national data from existing fitness surveillance and monitoring systems. We used the Assessing Levels of PHysical Activity and fitness at population level (ALPHA) test battery as it comprises tests with the highest test–retest reliability, criterion/construct validity and health-related predictive validity: the 20 m shuttle run (cardiorespiratory fitness); handgrip strength and standing long jump (muscular strength); and body height, body mass, body mass index and waist circumference (anthropometry). Percentile values were obtained using the generalised additive models for location, scale and shape method. Results A total of 7 966 693 test results from 34 countries (106 datasets) were used to develop sex-specific and age-specific percentile values. In addition, country-level rankings based on mean percentiles are provided for each fitness test, as well as an overall fitness ranking. Finally, an interactive fitness platform, including individual and group reporting and European fitness maps, is provided and freely available online (www.fitbackeurope.eu). Conclusion This study discusses the major implications of fitness assessment in youth from health, educational and sport perspectives, and how the FitBack reference values and interactive web-based platform contribute to it. Fitness testing can be conducted in school and/or sport settings, and the interpreted results be integrated in the healthcare systems across Europe

Determination of nutrient salts by automatic methods both in seawater and brackish water: the phosphate blank

9 páginas, 2 tablas, 2 figurasThe main inconvenience in determining nutrients in seawater by automatic methods is simply solved: the preparation of a suitable blank which corrects the effect of the refractive index change on the recorded signal. Two procedures are proposed, one physical (a simple equation to estimate the effect) and the other chemical (removal of the dissolved phosphorus with ferric hydroxide).Support for this work came from CICYT (MAR88-0245 project) and Conselleria de Pesca de la Xunta de GaliciaPeer reviewe