Experimental Demonstration of a Synthetic Lorentz Force by Using Radiation Pressure

Synthetic magnetism in cold atomic gases opened the doors to many exciting novel physical systems and phenomena. Ubiquitous are the methods used for the creation of synthetic magnetic fields. They include rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates employing the analogy between the Coriolis and the Lorentz force, and laser-atom interactions employing the analogy between the Berry phase and the Aharonov-Bohm phase. Interestingly, radiation pressure - being one of the most common forces induced by light - has not yet been used for synthetic magnetism. We experimentally demonstrate a synthetic Lorentz force, based on the radiation pressure and the Doppler effect, by observing the centre-of-mass motion of a cold atomic cloud. The force is perpendicular to the velocity of the cold atomic cloud, and zero for the cloud at rest. Our novel concept is straightforward to implement in a large volume, for a broad range of velocities, and can be extended to different geometries.Comment: are welcom

Synthetic Lorentz force in classical atomic gases via Doppler effect and radiation pressure

We theoretically predict a novel type of synthetic Lorentz force for classical (cold) atomic gases, which is based on the Doppler effect and radiation pressure. A fairly uniform and strong force can be constructed for gases in macroscopic volumes of several cubic millimeters and more. This opens the possibility to mimic classical charged gases in magnetic fields, such as those in a tokamak, in cold atom experiments.Comment: are welcom

Comparative study of light storage in antirelaxation-coated and buffer-gas-filled alkali vapor cells

We perform a comparative study of light storage in antirelaxation-coated and buffer-gas-filled alkali vapor cells using electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in warm rubidium vapor. The use of a buffer-gas-filled cell resulted in $\approx$10-fold improvement in storage time and efficiency compared to antirelaxation-coated cells. We achieve up to sixfold enhancement in buffer-gas-filled memory efficiency, while maintaining a similar memory lifetime, by employing a near-resonant EIT $\Lambda$-scheme instead of a resonant one. Our findings contribute to the development of field-deployable quantum memories. quantum memories.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figure

Distribution of marine viruses in the Central and South Adriatic Sea

The seasonal distribution of marine viruses and their relationship with heterotrophic bacteria in the coastal and offshore area of the central and southern Adriatic were studied. Additionally, the percentage of high (HNA) and low (LNA) nucleic acid bacteria between the total number of bacteria and the distribution of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) as a major predator of bacteria were studied as well. The viral abundance ranged from 3.55 to 27.32 × 106 virus-like particles mL-1, and was on average 25-fold higher than bacterial abundances at all investigated stations. The highest viral abundances were found at coastal stations, especially in the area influenced by the rivers Krka and Jadro, whereas the lowest values were found in the open sea and in the coastal area of the southern Adriatic. No significant difference in relationship of viruses with HNA and LNA bacterial groups were established. The ratio between viruses and bacteria (VBR) was higher during the colder part of the year, which coincided with lower HNF abundance and vice versa during the warmer part of the year. This suggests that HNF grazing could be more important in controlling bacterial abundance during the warmer part of the year, and viral lysis during the colder part of the year

[Die bewertung der elektromyogramme der Kaumuskulatur]

Autori, nakon opsežnog uvoda, iznose problem objektivne i jednostavne evaluacije podataka. U radu se iznose podaci iz literature i navode autori, koji su se do sada bavili evaluacijom akcionih potencijala.Donosi se rješenje in teg riranja akcionih potencijala, koje omogućava, načinom još neopisanim u svjetskoj stomatološkoj literaturi, jednostavno i brzo očitavanje dobivenih integriranih podataka akcionih potencijala mastikatorne muskulature. Integrator je izveden tako, da se porast krivulje , koja monotono raste, a koja predstavlja integral promatranog napona, ograničava na jednu vrijednost. Kad se postigne ova vrijednost, proces počinje ispočetka, uz odvajanje jednog električkog impulsa. Za integraciju napona upotrijebljena je pentoda u zasićenom području. Broj impulsa u jedinici vremena daje vrijednost integrala promatrane krivulje napona, u ovom slučaju u volt-sekundama. Ovom se metodom mogućnost greške smanjuje na manje od 3 % . Autori predlažu upotrebu metode, naročito za integriranje suma akcionih potencijala skeletne muskulature.After a detailed introduction the problem from the literature of the evaluation of the action potential authors listed a new solution for the integration of action potentials enabling simple and rapid recording of the obtained integrated data on action potentials of the mastificatory musculature in a manner not yet described in the world dental literature. The integrator operates in such a way that the monotonously rising curve, representing the integral of the voltage is restricted to one value only. When this value is achieved the process starts anew along with emitting of an electrical impulse. For the integration of the voltage a pentode is used in the saturated region. The number o impulses in the time unit gives the value of the integral of the voltage curve under observation, in volt seconds. The accuracy achieved with this method exceeds 3 % . The authors suggests the use of this method especially for the integration of action potential sums for the skeletal musculature.In der ausfuhrlichen Einleitung werden die bisherigen Veroffenlichungen uber die Bewertung der Aktionspotentiale angegeben und das Problem der objektiven und einfachen Bewertung der Angaben vorgebracht. Es wird eine neue Methode der Integrierung der Aktionspotentiale beschrieben, welche auf eine noch nicht beschriebene Weise, eine einfache und rasche Ablesung der integrierten Angaben von Aktionspotentialen der Kaumuskulaturermoglicht. Der Integrator ist so konstruiert dass der Verlauf der monoton steigenden Kurve, welche das Integral der beobachteten Spannungdar stellt, auf einen Wert begrenzt wird . Wenn diese Wert erreicht ist beginnt der Prozess von Neuem, unter Freiwerden eines elektrischen Impulses. Fur die Integrierung der Spannung wurde eine Penthode in gesattigtem Zustand verwendet. Die Anzahl der Impulse in der Zeiteinheit ergibt den Integrationsvvert der beobachteten Spannungskurve, in dišem Falle in Voltsekunden. Diese Methodeerm moglicht es das Fehlbereich unter 3 % heraubzusetzen. Die Autoren befurw orten die Anwendung dieser Methode, insbesondere fur die Integrierung der Summe der Aktionspotentiale der Kaumuskulatur

[Die bewertung der elektromyogramme der Kaumuskulatur]

Autori, nakon opsežnog uvoda, iznose problem objektivne i jednostavne evaluacije podataka. U radu se iznose podaci iz literature i navode autori, koji su se do sada bavili evaluacijom akcionih potencijala.Donosi se rješenje in teg riranja akcionih potencijala, koje omogućava, načinom još neopisanim u svjetskoj stomatološkoj literaturi, jednostavno i brzo očitavanje dobivenih integriranih podataka akcionih potencijala mastikatorne muskulature. Integrator je izveden tako, da se porast krivulje , koja monotono raste, a koja predstavlja integral promatranog napona, ograničava na jednu vrijednost. Kad se postigne ova vrijednost, proces počinje ispočetka, uz odvajanje jednog električkog impulsa. Za integraciju napona upotrijebljena je pentoda u zasićenom području. Broj impulsa u jedinici vremena daje vrijednost integrala promatrane krivulje napona, u ovom slučaju u volt-sekundama. Ovom se metodom mogućnost greške smanjuje na manje od 3 % . Autori predlažu upotrebu metode, naročito za integriranje suma akcionih potencijala skeletne muskulature.After a detailed introduction the problem from the literature of the evaluation of the action potential authors listed a new solution for the integration of action potentials enabling simple and rapid recording of the obtained integrated data on action potentials of the mastificatory musculature in a manner not yet described in the world dental literature. The integrator operates in such a way that the monotonously rising curve, representing the integral of the voltage is restricted to one value only. When this value is achieved the process starts anew along with emitting of an electrical impulse. For the integration of the voltage a pentode is used in the saturated region. The number o impulses in the time unit gives the value of the integral of the voltage curve under observation, in volt seconds. The accuracy achieved with this method exceeds 3 % . The authors suggests the use of this method especially for the integration of action potential sums for the skeletal musculature.In der ausfuhrlichen Einleitung werden die bisherigen Veroffenlichungen uber die Bewertung der Aktionspotentiale angegeben und das Problem der objektiven und einfachen Bewertung der Angaben vorgebracht. Es wird eine neue Methode der Integrierung der Aktionspotentiale beschrieben, welche auf eine noch nicht beschriebene Weise, eine einfache und rasche Ablesung der integrierten Angaben von Aktionspotentialen der Kaumuskulaturermoglicht. Der Integrator ist so konstruiert dass der Verlauf der monoton steigenden Kurve, welche das Integral der beobachteten Spannungdar stellt, auf einen Wert begrenzt wird . Wenn diese Wert erreicht ist beginnt der Prozess von Neuem, unter Freiwerden eines elektrischen Impulses. Fur die Integrierung der Spannung wurde eine Penthode in gesattigtem Zustand verwendet. Die Anzahl der Impulse in der Zeiteinheit ergibt den Integrationsvvert der beobachteten Spannungskurve, in dišem Falle in Voltsekunden. Diese Methodeerm moglicht es das Fehlbereich unter 3 % heraubzusetzen. Die Autoren befurw orten die Anwendung dieser Methode, insbesondere fur die Integrierung der Summe der Aktionspotentiale der Kaumuskulatur

Dynamics of picoplankton community from coastal waters to the open sea in the Central Adriatic

Flow cytometry was used to describe seasonal cycles of Prochlorococcus (Prochl), Synechococcus (Syn), picoeukaryotes and heterotrophic bacteria in the central Adriatic Sea along the trophic gradient from January to December 2010. All picoplankton parameters decreased from eutrophic to oligotrophic areas, while the biomass ratio of bacterial to autotrophic picoplankton showed an increase along the trophic gradient. Bacterial biomass ranged from 5.28 to 21.20 μg C l-1. Increased values were present during warmer seasons with the domination of low nucleic acid (LNA) group of bacteria. The high nucleic acid (HNA) bacterial group dominated during the winter and the spring. Bacterial production ranged from 0.09 -0.45 × 104 cells ml-1 h-1 .At coastal stations increased production was present during the winter and the spring and was more or less uniform at open sea stations. Biomasses of Syn and Prochl ranged from 0.16 to 11.47 µg C-1 l-1 and from 0.01 to 3.08 µg C l-1, respectively. They were elevated during the summer and the autumn at coastal stations and during the late winter at the open sea. Syn biomass always dominated over Prochl participating with 61.6-97.2% in biomass of cyanobacteria. Biomass of picoeukaryotes ranged from 1.21 to 21.85 µg C l-1 and was the highest during the winter. Their biomass notably prevailed in autotrophic picoplankton (APP) biomass over that of picocyanobacteria during the whole year. Autotrophic components (Prochl, Syn and picoeukaryotes) made greater contribution to the picoplankton biomass in mesotrophic and eutrophic areas, while heterotrophic bacteria became more important under oligotrophic conditions

Analysis of phytoplankton community in the vicinity of domestic sewage outflow during stratified conditions

The response of phytoplankton community structure to anthropogenically-derived nutrient from the submarine sewage outflow was analysed in a shallow coastal area of the middle Adriatic Sea. The study was conducted during the eight-year period (2002-2010) at six stations in the Brač Channel, aiming to assess the potential change in the state of biological and environmental parameters before and after the sewage commissioning. The research was particularly focused on phytoplankton producers during the summer which is considered to be critical due to water stratification and low water dynamics. The results show an increase in phytoplankton biomass in the deep layer after the discharge activation that was significant (M-W test; U=584.5, p<0.01), but not related to any intense phytoplankton bloom or oxygen deficiency. Temporal variability of total phytoplankton abundances throughout the research period indicated a significant increase in 2005, the year following the sewage outflow activation. Pairwise Dunn's multiple comparison test emphasised the difference in the years before the sewage activation (2002, 2003) compared to 2005 (2002 vs. 2005, R=-60.92 p<0.001; 2003 vs. 2005, R=-63.92 p<0.001). This situation was soon followed by the rapid equalization in phytoplankton abundances. Considering the entire research period, there were no changes in contributions of major phytoplankton groups, but the increase in overall species diversity was recorded, supporting the view that moderate inputs may stimulate plankton taxonomic diversity in coastal ecosystems. Increased ciliate and copepod nauplii abundance was also observed but was considered to be caused by natural variability