Global entanglement and coherent states in an N-partite system

We consider a quantum system consisting of N parts, each of which is a "quKit" described by a K dimensional Hilbert space. We prove that in the symmetric subspace, S, a pure state is not globally entangled, if and only if it is a coherent state. It is also shown that in the orthogonal complement all states are globally entangled

Comparative solution equilibrium studies on pentamethylcyclopentadienyl rhodium complexes of 2,2'-bipyridine and ethylenediamine and their interaction with human serum albumin

Complex formation equilibri um processes of the (N,N) donor containing 2,2' - bipyridine (bpy) and ethylenediamine (en) with (η 5 - pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) rhodium(III) were investigated in aqueous solution via pH - potentiome try, 1 H NMR spectroscopy, and UV – Vis spectrophotometry in the absence and presence of chloride ions . The structure of [RhCp*(en)Cl]ClO 4 (Cp* , pentamethylcyclopentadienyl ) was also studied b y single - crystal X - ray diffraction. p K a values of 8.56 and 9.58 we re determined for [RhCp*(bpy)(H 2 O)] 2+ and [RhCp*(en)(H 2 O)] 2+ , respectively resulting in the formation of negligible amount of mixed hydroxido complexes at pH 7.4 . Stability and the H 2 O/Cl ‒ co - ligand exchange constants of bpy and en complexes considerably exceed those of the bidentate O - donor deferiprone. The strong affinity of the bpy and en complexes to chloride ions most probably contribute s to their low antiproliferative effect. Interac tion s between human serum albumin (HSA) and [ RhCp* (H 2 O) 3 ] 2+ , its complexes formed with deferiprone, bpy and en were also monitored by 1 H NMR spectroscopy, ultrafiltration/ UV - Vis and spectrofluorometry. Numerous binding sites ( ≥ 8 ) are available for [RhCp* (H 2 O) 3 ] 2+ ; and the interaction takes place most probably via covalent bonds through the imidazole nitrogen of His . According to the various fluorescen ce studies [RhCp* (H 2 O) 3 ] 2+ binds on sites I and II , and coordination of surface side chain donor atoms of th e protein is also feasible. The binding of the bpy and en complex is weaker and slower compared to that of [RhCp* (H 2 O) 3 ] 2+ , and formation of ternary HSA - RhCp* - ligand adducts was proved. I n the case of the deferiprone complex , the RhCp* fragment is cleaved off when HSA is loaded with low equivalents of the comp ound

An idiographic approach to Idiopathic Environmental Intolerance attributed to Electromagnetic Fields (IEI-EMF) Part II. Ecological momentary assessment of three individuals with severe IEI-EMF

IEI-EMF refers to a self-reported sensitivity characterized by attribution of non-specific physical symptoms to exposure to weak EMFs. The majority of empirical results do not support the existence of a causal relationship between EMF and IEI-EMF. However, this conclusion was drawn from environmental and experimental studies that are not without methodological limitations. In the current study, as part of a complex biopsychosocial approach, an ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol was applied for the investigation of the temporal relationship between actual radio frequency (RF) EMF exposure and IEI-EMF, at the individual level. Continuous measurement of autonomic variables by holter electrocardiogram (ECG) monitors and the ambient RF EMF by personal dosimeters, as well as repeated (8/day) paper-and-pencil assessments of momentary internal states (symptoms, mood, perceived EMF intensity) and situational factors was conducted for 21 days with the participation of three individuals with severe IEI-EMF. Temporal relationships were examined by time series analyses. For two participants, the results did not support the association between the suspected EMF frequency range(s) and symptom reports. Nevertheless, the results revealed a reverse association with respect to another frequency range (GSM900 downlink), which contradicts the IEI-EMF condition. Autonomic activation related findings were inconsistent. For the third participant, the claimed association was partly supported, both for symptom reports and autonomic reactions (UMTS downlink, total RF; RMS values). The findings of this study suggest that IEI-EMF does not have a unitary aetiology. For certain individuals, a biophysical background cannot be excluded, whereas no such underlying factor appears to be at work for others. EMA is a useful method for the investigation of the aetiology of IEI-EMF

Anticancer 8-hydroxyquinoline-amino acid hybrids and their half-sandwich Ru and Rh complexes : solution chemistry and interaction with biomolecules

Development of novel chemotherapeutic agents aims to obtain more effective and selective compounds. Platinum(II)-containing chemotherapeutics have been widely used for decades in cancer therapy against solid tumors due to their effectiveness; although, their use is accompanied by drawbacks such the serious side-effects and resistance [1]. To overcome these problems, efforts have been made to find better alternatives such as the complexes of other platinum metals. 8-hydroxyquinolines and their metal complexes are widely investigated due to their anticancer properties [2,3]; however, they often have limited water solubility. In this work two novel water-soluble 8-hydroxyquinoline-D-amino acid hybrids, [(R)-1-((5-chloro-8- hydroxyquinolin-7-yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid (8HQCl-D-Pro) and its homologue 8HQCl-D-hPro (Chart 1), and their [Ru(η6 -p-cymene)(H2O)3] 2+ and [Rh(η5 -C5Me5)(H2O)3] 2+ complexes were developed

Scattering of a particle with internal structure from a single slit: exact numerical solutions

Abstract Scattering of a quantum particle with internal structure is fundamentally different from that of a point particle and shows quantum effects such as the modification of transmission due to tunnelling and trapping of the particle. As in a preceding paper (Shore et al 2014 New J. Phys. 17 013046) we consider a model of a symmetric, rigid rotor travelling through an aperture in a thin but impenetrable screen which is perpendicular to both the direction of motion and the rotation axis. We determine the quantum mechanical properties of this two-dimensional geometrical model using a quasi one-dimensional scattering problem with unconventional boundaries. Our calculations rely on finding the Green's function, which has a direct connection to the scattering matrix. Evaluated on a discrete lattice the Hamiltonian is ‘dressed’ by a self-energy correction that takes into account the open boundary conditions in an exact way. We find that the passage through the aperture can be suppressed or enhanced as a result of the rotational motion. These effects manifest themselves through resonances in the transmission probability as a function of incident energy and symmetry of the incident wavefunction. We determine the density-of-states to reveal the mode structure of resonant states and to exhibit the lifetimes of temporary trapping within the aperture

Studies on the mechanism of action of anti-tumor bis(aminophenolate) ruthenium(III) complexes

Two recently published Ru(III) comp lexes bearing ( N 2 O 2 ) tetradentate bis(aminophenolate) ligands, 20 formulated as [Ru(III)( s alan )(PPh 3 )Cl] ( where s alan is the tetradentate ligand 6,6' - (1S,2S) - 21 cyclohexane - 1,2 - diylbis(azanediyl)bis(met hylene)bis(3 - methoxyphenol) in c omplex 1 , or 2,2' - (1S,2S) - 22 cyclohexane - 1,2 - diylbis(azanediyl)bis(meth ylene)bis(4 - methoxyphenol) in c omplex 2 , and PPh 3 is 23 triphenylphosphane ) were studied herein to outline their antitumor mode of action. Previously, it was 24 found that they were very active against human ovar ian and bre a st adenocarcinoma cells (on a 72 h 25 challenge ) . In this work, the human cisplatin - sensitive o varian adeno carcinoma line A2780 was used 26 as the cell model for further studies a t a 24 h challenge . B oth complexes are active , their cytotoxicity 27 being c omparable to that of c isplatin in the same conditions. 28 A s a possible target in the cell for their action, the int eraction of 1 and 2 with DNA was assessed 29 through displacement of well - established DNA fluorescent probes ( ethidium bromide , EB, and 4',6 - 30 d iamidino - 2 - p henylindole, DAPI ) through s teady - state and time - resolved fluorescence spectroscopy . 31 The complete emission spectra were analysed globally for the binary DNA ‒ p robe and ternary DNA ‒ 32 p robe ‒ Ru(III) complex systems . B oth Ru(III) complexes can displace EB and bind to DNA with 33 similar and moderate strong affinity with conditional stability constants of log K’ = ( 5.05 ± 0.01 ) for 1 34 and log K’= ( 4.79 ± 0.01 ) for 2 . The analysis of time - domain fluorescence intensity decays confirmed 35 both qualitatively and quantitatively the model used to describe the binding and competition processes. 36 Cell studies indicated that apoptosis is t he major mechanism of cell death for both complexes , with 2 37 (the mo re active complex ) promoting that process more efficiently than 1 . Transmission electron 38 micro graphs revealed clear a lteration s on intracellular organization consistent with the induction of 39 programmed cell death processes