Action Observation Training und Motor Imagery Therapie in der Pädiatrie : Zwei neue Therapieformen auf dem wissenschaftlichen Prüfstand: Möglicher Nutzen für ergotherapeutische Interventionen?

Darstellung des Themas: Die ergotherapeutischen Interventionen „Action Observation Training“ und „Motor Imagery Therapie“ stellen in der Pädiatrie ein junges Forschungsgebiet dar und der Nutzen für die Praxis ist ungeklärt. Fragestellung: Welche Wirkungen haben die „Motor Imagery Therapie“ und das „Action Observation Training“ bei Kindern, bezogen auf die Körperfunktionen und die Aktivitäten / Partizipation gemäss der International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY)? Methode: Anhand eines Literaturreviews werden drei Studien zum Action Observation Training bei Kindern mit einer Zerebralparese und vier Studien zur Motor Imagery Therapie in Bezug auf Kinder mit und ohne motorische Beeinträchtigungen analysiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden anhand des ICF-CY’s dargestellt. Relevante Ergebnisse: Beide Therapieformen zeigten signifikante Wirkungen in Bezug auf die Körperfunktionen der oberen Extremitäten und auf die Aktivitäten / Partizipation bei Kindern auf. Schlussfolgerun: Erste Ansätze für die Anwendung des Action Observation Trainings bei Kindern mit einer Zerebralparese wurden aufgezeigt. Jedoch benötigt es vor allem bei der Motor Imagery Therapie noch weitere Forschung, so dass die Wirksamkeit und der Nutzen für ergotherapeutische Interventionen in Bezug auf Kinder mit einer motorischen Beeinträchtigung bewiesen werden können

Characterization of a Spent Ru/C Catalyst after Gasification of Biomass in Supercritical Water

Carbon-supported ruthenium catalysts promote the gasification of aqueous organic feed with high efficiency to synthetic natural gas in supercritical water. Ruthenium metal was recently identified as the catalytically active species. [1] Occasionally deactivation is observed. To understand the deactivation, the fresh and several spent catalyst samples were investigated by RBS, ERDA, and XPS. The data revealed a massive reduction of the ruthenium concentration in toto and especially of the surface concentration. Of importance is the almost complete disappearance of the spectral features in the valance band region. Coverage of the ruthenium clusters e.g. with a thin 'carbonaceous' layer, i.e. a kind of fouling, or structural modifications of the ruthenium clusters might be the origin. Additionally, leaching of ruthenium might contribute, but is not considered a major effect, because ruthenium was never found in the liquid effluent of the reactor. The influence of additionally detected corrosion products (Ni, Cr, Fe, Ti) from the stainless steel and the titanium alloy walls seems to be small. No evidence for a deactivation by sulphur could be found

Microstructure and electrical conductivity of YSZ thin films prepared by pulsed laser deposition

Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) is the most common solid electrolyte material used e.g. in ceramic fuel cells. Thin films of YSZ were deposited on c-cut sapphire single crystals by pulsed laser deposition using a KrF excimer laser focused on a polycrystalline 8 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 target. Depending on the substrate temperature and the oxygen background pressure during deposition, different microstructures are obtained. XRD and high-resolution SEM revealed the formation of dense amorphous films at room temperature. At 600°C preferentially (111) oriented polycrystalline films consisting of densely agglomerated nm-sized grains of the cubic phase resulted. Grain size and surface roughness could be controlled by varying the oxygen background pressure. RBS and PIXE evidenced congruent transfer only for a low number of pulses, indicating a dynamical change of the target stoichiometry during laser irradiation. The in-plane ionic conductivity of the as-deposited crystalline films was comparable to bulk YSZ. The conductivity of initially amorphous YSZ passes a maximum during the crystallization process. However, the relative changes remain small, i.e. no significant enhancement of ionic conductivity related to the formation of a nanocrystalline microstructure is foun

Attempts to develop a simple, objective test for oestrus in sows

To evaluate the accuracy of various techniques for determining the sexual state of sows, four multiparous Landrace sows were housed in stalls 2-5 weeks after weaning. Catheters were inserted under anaesthetic into a prominent ear vein on each sow. Four days later blood and urine sampling commenced, along with other measurements to assess the oestrous state of the animals. Oestrus was detected in all four sows and so were corresponding oestradiol·17β peaks (22-49 pg/ml) in serum of the three sows from which blood was successfully sampled during the complete 25·day collection period. Serum progesterone concentrations were highest between days — 5 and — 12 (day 0 = 1st day of standing heat) (peak values of 33·1-58·2 ng/ml), with values of 3·55 ng/ml or less on day 0. Urinary oestrogen was less well correlated with oestrous state than were serum hormone concentrations, but progesterone derivatives in urine corresponded well to serum progesterone with peaks between days —5 and —9. Vulval redness, vulval size, social interest and the occurrence of flehmen were markedly greater during the oestrous period than at other times in the cycle. Body temperature, vaginal pH, the presence of vaginal mucus and behavioural manifestations of oestrus (with the exception of back pressure test) were less well correlated with sexual state. A combination of vulval colour and size, back pressure test, a more detailed study of behaviour and possibly with urinary progesterone derivatives, should give the best indication of the incidence of oestrus in sow

Covid-19 und die digitale Transformation in der Schweizer Lehrerinnen- und Lehrerbildung

Die Covid-19-Pandemie hat die Pädagogischen Hochschulen der Schweiz in mehrfacher Hinsicht getroffen. Der Beitrag schildert zunächst, welche konkreten Konsequenzen die Pandemie bezüglich Digitalisierung für die Aus- und Weiterbildung an Pädagogischen Hochschulen hatte. Danach wird dargelegt, warum die während der Notfallfernlehre gemachten Erfahrungen für eine digitale Transformation der Hochschullehre nicht ausreichen. Am DPACK-Modell – einer Weiterentwicklung des bekannten TPACK-Modells – wird exemplarisch aufgezeigt, dass während der Pandemiephase an Pädagogischen Hochschulen nicht alle in einer Kultur der Digitalität notwendigen Kompetenzen von Dozierenden gefördert werden konnten

What\u27s understood by "Individual Support and Digitality" can be very different ... and is increasingly shaped by the software used

„Individuelle Förderung und Digitalität“ erzeugt zunächst wenig Widerstand: Niemand ist gegen individuelle Förderung und digitale Medien bieten diesbezüglich vielfältige Potenziale. Die Erfahrung zeigt jedoch, dass unter „individueller Förderung“ oft sehr Unterschiedliches und unter „Digitalität“ in der Praxis oft noch gar nichts verstanden wird. Dies ist besonders schwierig, wenn Entscheidungsträger*innen nicht bewusst ist, dass digitale Räume die Lernkultur ähnlich prägen wie physische Räume. (DIPF/Orig.)Usually, “individual support and digitality” produces little resistance: no one opposes the idea of individual support, and digital media offer a wide range of potential in this regard. However, experience shows that “individual support” is often understood in very different ways, and, in practice, “digitality” is often not understood at all. This is particularly difficult when decision-makers are not aware that digital spaces can shape the learning culture in a way very similar to physical spaces. (DIPF/Orig.

Cr:LiSrAlF6 channel waveguides as broadband fluorescence sources

We report on the production and fluorescence of active channel waveguides in Cr:LiSrAlF6. We have produced ∼10μm wide and 5μm high channel waveguides by He+ ion implantation, lithographic patterning and subsequent Ar+ ion sputtering. Diode-pumped waveguides emitted 13μW of fluorescence light with a spectrum ranging from 760nm to 900nm at a pump power of 165mW and a pump wavelength of 660nm. The compact and cheap optical pump source is a main advantage of this fluorescence material. This makes Cr:LiSrAlF6 channel waveguides a suitable candidate for a broadband fluorescence source in low-coherence interferometry and other applications in the near-infrared wavelength rang

Nonstoichiometric transfer during laser ablation of metal alloys

Large angular variations in film composition have been found for ablation of a metallic AuCu alloy (Au/Cu ratio ∼1) in vacuum and background gases of Ne and Xe. The AuCu films grown in vacuum at a laser fluence of 5 Jcm−2 exhibit a large loss in the Cu content, with the Au/Cu ratio ∼2.4 at angles close to normal incidence. At this fluence, a distortion of the plume front is observed followed by the appearance of a secondary emission at the substrate, suggesting that resputtering of the film by energetic ions and reflection of ions/atoms at the substrate can lead to a nonstoichiometric transfer in pulsed laser deposition. Further, we have found that depending on the mass of the background gas employed during growth (Ne or Xe), the ratio of elements in the film can vary significantly over a wide range of angles of deposition. In the presence of the light gas Ne, the degree of nonstoichiometric transfer is gradually reduced with increasing background pressure, resulting in a nearly stoichiometric AuCu films at a Ne pressure of 2 mbar. The behavior in the heavy gas Xe is more complex, and both theoretical and experimental data indicate that the loss of Cu in the deposits is caused by the preferential scattering, as well as by backscattering of the light Cu atoms in the plume upon collisions with the background gas