Roles de género en personas mayores en el ámbito familiar: Un estudio longitudinal 2013-2018

We have carried out a longitudinal study of the student older than 65 years old in the “Open Classroom” university senior program from the Pablo de Olavide University (Seville, Spain), from different locations. In this article, we present the results of finding out the gender roles in the family. Although the general analysis of the results don´t show statistically significant differences between the 2013 and 2018 studies in the frequency of accomplishment of the tasks: small domestic repairs and management (banks, doctors, etc.); However, in the care of minors and / or elderly dependents in men, in the current study, there has been a decrease in frequency while in women there has been an increase in the frequency of this task. Some gender roles are maintained in the family after five years. Our results highlight the importance of focusing in the issues related with the gender equality, starting with the field more familiar with each person. From the university senior’s programs, it is necessary continue stressing the theoretical and practical knowledge that allows the understanding of issues related with the gender.Hemos realizado un estudio longitudinal, con alumnado mayor de 65 años, que participa en el Programa universitario Aula Abierta de Mayores, de la Universidad Pablo de Olavide de Sevilla (España) de diferentes localidades. En este artículo se presentan los resultados referidos a los roles de género. Si bien el análisis de los resultados, de manera general, no muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los estudios del 2013 y el del 2018 en la frecuencia de realización de las tareas: pequeñas reparaciones domésticas y gestiones (bancos, médicos etc.). Sin embargo, en la tarea de cuidado de menores y/o mayores dependientes, en los hombres, en el estudio actual, se ha producido un descenso en la frecuencia, mientras que en las mujeres se observa un aumento en la periodicidad de realización de esta tarea. Tras cinco años, algunos roles de género siguen marcados en el ámbito familiar. Nuestros datos ponen de relieve, una vez más, la importancia de incidir en temas relacionados con la igualdad entre hombres y mujeres, comenzando por el ámbito más próximo a cada persona. Desde los programas universitarios para mayores se hace necesario seguir incidiendo en conocimientos teórico-prácticos que lleven a entender el significado y la aplicación de cuestiones relacionadas con el género

Carbon nanofiber-based palladium/zinc catalysts for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol at atmospheric pressure

Palladium/zinc catalysts supported on carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have been used to study the catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of CO2 to obtain methanol at atmospheric pressure. The carbon nanofiber support has an influence on the nature of the PdZn alloy formed. The effect of the Pd/Zn molar ratio on the PdZn alloy particle size was analyzed. Lower Pd/Zn molar ratio leads to higher PdZn alloy particle size, which was associated with higher selectivity toward methanol. The influence of the type of nanofiber (platelet or fishbone) on the catalytic behavior was also studied and compared with that of a conventional Pd/ZnO catalyst. The palladium/zinc catalyst supported on platelet nanofiber was considered to be a good candidate for the hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol.Se han utilizado catalizadores de paladio/zinc soportados sobre nanofibras de carbono (CNFs) para estudiar el rendimiento catalítico en la hidrogenación de CO 2 para obtener metanol a presión atmosférica. El soporte de nanofibras de carbono influye en la naturaleza de la aleación de PdZn formada. Se analizó el efecto de la relación molar Pd/Zn sobre el tamaño de partícula de la aleación de PdZn. Una relación molar más baja de Pd/Zn conduce a un tamaño de partícula de aleación de PdZn más alto, lo que se asoció con una mayor selectividad hacia el metanol. También se estudió la influencia del tipo de nanofibra (plaqueta o espina de pescado) en el comportamiento catalítico y se comparó con el de un catalizador convencional de Pd/ZnO. El catalizador de paladio/zinc soportado sobre nanofibras de plaquetas se consideró un buen candidato para la hidrogenación de dióxido de carbono a metanol

Glucose homeostasis changes and pancreatic β-cell proliferation after switching to cyclosporin in tacrolimus-induced diabetes mellitus

AbstractBackgroundSwitching to cyclosporin A may result in a reversion of tacrolimus-induced diabetes mellitus. However, mechanisms underlying such a reversion are still unknown.MethodsObese Zucker rats were used as a model for tacrolimus-induced diabetes mellitus. A cohort of 44 obese Zucker rats received tacrolimus for 11 days (0.3mg/kg/day) until diabetes development; then, (a) 22 rats were euthanized at day 12 and were used as a reference group (tacrolimus-day 12), and (b) 22 rats on tacrolimus were shifted to cyclosporin (2.5mg/kg/day) for 5 days (tacrolimus-cyclosporin). An additional cohort of 22 obese Zucker rats received the vehicle for 17 days and was used as a control group. All animals underwent an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test at the end of the study.Resultsβ-Cell proliferation, apoptosis and Ins2 gene expression were evaluated. Compared to rats in tacrolimus-day 12 group, those in tacrolimus-cyclosporin group showed a significant improvement in blood glucose levels in all assessment points in intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. Diabetes decreased from 100% in tacrolimus-day-12 group to 50% in tacrolimus-cyclosporin group. Compared to tacrolimus-day-12 group, rats in tacrolimus-cyclosporin group showed an increased β-cell proliferation, but such an increase was lower than in rats receiving the vehicle. Ins2 gene expressions in rats receiving tacrolimus-cyclosporin and rats receiving the vehicle were comparable.ConclusionAn early switch from tacrolimus to cyclosporin in tacrolimus-induced diabetes mellitus resulted in an increased β-cell proliferation and reversion of diabetes in 50% of cases

Extracellular Tuning of Mitochondrial Respiration Leads to Aortic Aneurysm

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an autosomal dominant disorder of the connective tissue caused by mutations in the FBN1 (fibrillin-1) gene encoding a large glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix called fibrillin-1. The major complication of this connective disorder is the risk to develop thoracic aortic aneurysm. To date, no effective pharmacologic therapies have been identified for the management of thoracic aortic disease and the only options capable of preventing aneurysm rupture are endovascular repair or open surgery. Here, we have studied the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the progression of thoracic aortic aneurysm and mitochondrial boosting strategies as a potential treatment to managing aortic aneurysms.Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria del Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI16/188, PI19/855), the European Regional D evelopment Fund, and the European Commission through H2020-EU.1.1, European Research Council grant ERC-2016-StG 715322-EndoMitTalk, and Gobierno de Espana SAF2016-80305P. This work was partially supported by Comunidad de Madrid (S2017/BMD 3867 RENIM-CM) and cofinanced by the European Structural and Investment Fund. M.M. is supported by the Miguel Servet Program (CP 19/014, Fundacion de Investigacion del Hospital 12 de Octubr

Genetic Study of SARS-CoV-2 Non Structural Protein 12 in COVID-19 Patients Non Responders to Remdesivir

Remdesivir (RDV) was the first antiviral drug approved by the FDA to treat severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients. RDV inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication by stalling the non structural protein 12 (nsp12) subunit of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). No evidence of global widespread RDV-resistance mutations has been reported, however, defining genetic pathways to RDV resistance and determining emergent mutations prior and subsequent antiviral therapy in clinical settings is necessary. This study identified 57/149 (38.3%) patients who did not respond to one course (5-days) (n = 36/111, 32.4%) or prolonged (5 to 20 days) (n = 21/38, 55.3%) RDV therapy by subgenomic RNA detection. Genetic variants in the nsp12 gene were detected in 29/49 (59.2%) non responder patients by Illumina sequencing, including the de novo E83D mutation that emerged in an immunosuppressed patient after receiving 10 + 8 days of RDV, and the L838I detected at baseline and/or after prolonged RDV treatment in 9/49 (18.4%) non responder subjects. Although 3D protein modeling predicted no interference with RDV, the amino acid substitutions detected in the nsp12 involved changes on the electrostatic outer surface and in secondary structures that may alter antiviral response. It is important for health surveillance to study potential mutations associated with drug resistance as well as the benefit of RDV retreatment, especially in immunosuppressed patients and in those with persistent replication. IMPORTANCE This study provides clinical and microbiologic data of an extended population of hospitalized patients for COVID-19 pneumonia who experienced treatment failure, detected by the presence of subgenomic RNA (sgRNA). The genetic variants found in the nsp12 pharmacological target of RDV bring into focus the importance of monitoring emergent mutations, one of the objectives of the World Health Organization (WHO) for health surveillance. These mutations become even more crucial as RDV keeps being prescribed and new molecules are being repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19. The present article offers new perspectives for the clinical management of non responder patients treated and retreated with RDV and emphasizes the need of further research of the benefit of combinatorial therapies and RDV retreatment, especially in immunosuppressed patients with persistent replication after therapy.This work was financed by a Gilead Sciences grant (IN-ES-540-6089) and CIBER Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, España (CB21/13/00081). This work was financed by ad hoc patronage funds for research on COVID-19 from donations from citizens and organizations to the Hospital Clínic de Barcelona-Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica.S

Penetrance of Dilated Cardiomyopathy in Genotype-Positive Relatives

BACKGROUND Disease penetrance in genotype -positive (G+) relatives of families with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and the characteristics associated with DCM onset in these individuals are unknown. OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the penetrance of new DCM diagnosis in G+ relatives and to identify factors associated with DCM development. METHODS The authors evaluated 779 G+ patients (age 35.8 +/- 17.3 years; 459 [59%] females; 367 [47%] with variants in TTN ) without DCM followed at 25 Spanish centers. RESULTS After a median follow-up of 37.1 months (Q1 -Q3: 16.3-63.8 months), 85 individuals (10.9%) developed DCM (incidence rate of 2.9 per 100 person -years; 95% CI: 2.3-3.5 per 100 person -years). DCM penetrance and age at DCM onset was different according to underlying gene group (log -rank P = 0.015 and P <0.01, respectively). In a multivariable model excluding CMR parameters, independent predictors of DCM development were: older age (HR per 1 -year increase: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.0-1.04), an abnormal electrocardiogram (HR: 2.13; 95% CI: 1.38-3.29); presence of variants in motor sarcomeric genes (HR: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.05-3.50); lower left ventricular ejection fraction (HR per 1% increase: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.82-0.90) and larger left ventricular end -diastolic diameter (HR per 1 -mm increase: 1.10; 95% CI: 1.06-1.13). Multivariable analysis in individuals with cardiac magnetic resonance and late gadolinium enhancement assessment (n = 360, 45%) identi fied late gadolinium enhancement as an additional independent predictor of DCM development (HR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.43-4.45). CONCLUSIONS Following a first negative screening, approximately 11% of G+ relatives developed DCM during a median follow-up of 3 years. Older age, an abnormal electrocardiogram, lower left ventricular ejection fraction, increased left ventricular end -diastolic diameter, motor sarcomeric genetic variants, and late gadolinium enhancement are associated with a higher risk of developing DCM. (J Am Coll Cardiol 2024;83:1640 -1651) (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY -NC -ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Predictores de riesgo en una cohorte española con cardiolaminopatías. Registro REDLAMINA

[Abstract] Introduction and objectives. According to sudden cardiac death guidelines, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) should be considered in patients with LMNA-related dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and ≥ 2 risk factors: male sex, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 45%, nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), and nonmissense genetic variants. In this study we aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of carriers of LMNA genetic variants among individuals from a Spanish cardiac-laminopathies cohort (REDLAMINA registry) and to assess previously reported risk criteria. Methods. The relationship between risk factors and cardiovascular events was evaluated in a cohort of 140 carriers (age ≥ 16 years) of pathogenic LMNA variants (54 probands, 86 relatives). We considered: a) major arrhythmic events (MAE) if there was appropriate ICD discharge or sudden cardiac death; b) heart failure death if there was heart transplant or death due to heart failure. Results. We identified 11 novel and 21 previously reported LMNA-related DCM variants. LVEF < 45% (P = .001) and NSVT (P < .001) were related to MAE, but not sex or type of genetic variant. The only factor independently related to heart failure death was LVEF < 45% (P < .001). Conclusions. In the REDLAMINA registry cohort, the only predictors independently associated with MAE were NSVT and LVEF < 45%. Therefore, female carriers of missense variants with either NSVT or LVEF < 45% should not be considered a low-risk group. It is important to individualize risk stratification in carriers of LMNA missense variants, because not all have the same prognosis.[Resumen] Introducción y objetivos. Según las guías de muerte súbita, se debe considerar un desfibrilador automático implantable (DAI) para los pacientes con miocardiopatía dilatada debida a variantes en el gen de la lamina (LMNA) con al menos 2 factores: varones, fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) < 45%, taquicardia ventricular no sostenida (TVNS) y variantes no missense. Nuestro objetivo es describir las características clínicas de una cohorte española de pacientes con cardiolaminopatías (registro REDLAMINA) y evaluar los criterios de riesgo vigentes. Métodos. Se evaluó la relación entre factores de riesgo y eventos cardiovasculares en una cohorte de 140 portadores de variantes en LMNA (54 probandos, 86 familiares, edad ≥ 16 años). Se consideró: a) evento arrítmico mayor (EAM) si hubo descarga apropiada del DAI o muerte súbita, y b) muerte por insuficiencia cardiaca, incluidos los trasplantes. Resultados. Se identificaron 11 variantes nuevas y 21 previamente publicadas. La FEVI < 45% (p = 0,001) y la TVNS (p < 0,001) se relacionaron con los EAM, pero no el sexo o el tipo de variante (missense frente a no missense). La FEVI < 45% (p < 0,001) fue el único factor relacionado con la muerte por insuficiencia cardiaca. Conclusiones. En el registro REDLAMINA, los únicos 2 predictores asociados con EAM fueron la TVNS y la FEVI < 45%. No se debería considerar grupo de bajo riesgo a las portadoras de variantes missense con TVNS o FEVI < 45%. Es importante individualizar la estratificación del riesgo de los portadores de variantes missense en LMNA, porque no todas tienen el mismo pronóstico.This study received a grant from the Proyecto de investigación de la Sección de Insuficiencia Cardiaca 2017 from the Spanish Society of Cardiology and grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) [PI14/0967, PI15/01551, AC16/0014] and ERA-CVD Joint Transnational Call 2016 (Genprovic). Grants from the ISCIII and the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad de España (Spanish Department of Economy and Competitiveness) are supported by the Plan Estatal de I+D+i 2013-2016: Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) “Una forma de hacer Europa”

Natural History of MYH7-Related Dilated Cardiomyopathy

BACKGROUND Variants in myosin heavy chain 7 (MYH7) are responsible for disease in 1% to 5% of patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM); however, the clinical characteristics and natural history of MYH7-related DCM are poorly described. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine the phenotype and prognosis of MYH7-related DCM. We also evaluated the influence of variant location on phenotypic expression. METHODS We studied clinical data from 147 individuals with DCM-causing MYH7 variants (47.6% female; 35.6 +/- 19.2 years) recruited from 29 international centers. RESULTS At initial evaluation, 106 (72.1%) patients had DCM (left ventricular ejection fraction: 34.5% +/- 11.7%). Median follow-up was 4.5 years (IQR: 1.7-8.0 years), and 23.7% of carriers who were initially phenotype-negative developed DCM. Phenotypic expression by 40 and 60 years was 46% and 88%, respectively, with 18 patients (16%) first diagnosed at <18 years of age. Thirty-six percent of patients with DCM met imaging criteria for LV noncompaction. During follow-up, 28% showed left ventricular reverse remodeling. Incidence of adverse cardiac events among patients with DCM at 5 years was 11.6%, with 5 (4.6%) deaths caused by end-stage heart failure (ESHF) and 5 patients (4.6%) requiring heart transplantation. The major ventricular arrhythmia rate was low (1.0% and 2.1% at 5 years in patients with DCM and in those with LVEF of <= 35%, respectively). ESHF and major ventricular arrhythmia were significantly lower compared with LMNA-related DCM and similar to DCM caused by TTN truncating variants. CONCLUSIONS MYH7-related DCM is characterized by early age of onset, high phenotypic expression, low left ventricular reverse remodeling, and frequent progression to ESHF. Heart failure complications predominate over ventricular arrhythmias, which are rare. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier on behalf of the American College of Cardiology Foundation