Exploration and Exploitation in Latin American Firms: The Determinants of Organizational Ambidexterity and The Country Effect

In this article, we explore the determinants of organizational ambidexterity across Latin American countries -Chile, Ecuador, and Peru- from innovation surveys of 2,786 manufacturing companies. The study introduces valuable information on ambidextrous organizations in emerging economies, contrasting to traditional literature frequently focusing on developed countries. Findings confirm the importance to measure ambidexterity in a multidimensional perspective, relating exploration to radical innovation, and breaking down exploitation into incremental exploitation, related to incremental innovation and repetitive exploitation related to operational efficiency. This work also finds that higher GDP per capita relates to higher exploration and exploitation ability of firms and supported our hypotheses that political and economic uncertainty of each country impact on organizational ambidexterity. Additionally, we expand on Diaz-Molina´s model (2018), on the relationship between strategic and operational absorptive capacity on ambidexterity by validating his findings across several countries and uncovering a positive interaction term between strategic and operational absorptive capacity when both impact on ambidexterity

The Role of Absorptive Capacity in Innovation and Productivity in Chilean Companies: An Adapted CDM Model Across Industries

Drawing on an adapted CDM model, we present evidence on the role of strategic and operational absorptive capacity on innovation and productivity across industries in developing economies. Using a pooled cross-sectional sample from Chilean innovation surveys, we find that greater absorptive capacity (ACAP) helps firms to increase their innovative investment and the probability of producing technological innovations, which then increases firms’ labor productivity. Additionally, the effect of the strategic dimension is stronger than the operational dimension aspect, which means that the strategy of reaching these external sources might be more important than the skill of a firm´ internal units to acquire and transform external information. We find that while strategic ACAP is a stronger predictor of investment and technological innovation in both manufacturing and services companies, but operational ACAP has differing effects

Nuevo sistema de responsabilidad penal para adolescentes

La realización del presente trabajo investigativo pretende hacer un análisis serio, responsable y minucioso acerca de un tema de actualidad, el nuevo sistema de responsabilidad penal para adolescentes, establecido por la ley de infancia y adolescencia (Ley 1098 de 2006) en su libro II; y determinar si las instituciones responsables de implementar dicho sistema en la ciudad de Pereira, cuentan con los suficientes recursos técnicos, administrativos y humanos para dar aplicación integral a la referida institución. Es de anotar que la presente investigación reviste una importancia mayúscula para la academia por cuanto no se ha realizado hasta la fecha ningún trabajo investigativo de esta índole.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira -- Facultad de Derecho, Ciencias Políticas y Sociales -- Derech

Caracterización y restauración ecológica de suelos en minería de carbón a cielo abierto: antecedentes, técnicas actuales y búsqueda de nuevas técnicas para su tratamiento

La remoción del suelo a causa de la minería de carbón a cielo abierto conlleva la pérdida de las propiedades del suelo y alteración drástica del paisaje, evidenciando la necesidad de caracterizar y la restaurar ecológicamente estos suelos. En este artículo se muestra el análisis realizado a diferentes artículos científicos relacionados con la caracterización y remediación de los suelos afectados por la minería. La restauración ecológica como ciencia moderna proviene del aporte segmentado de ciencias auxiliares que desde los años ochenta vienen aportando conocimiento tanto en el tema de caracterización, como en el porte de conocimiento a las técnicas empleadas

ACME: Automatic feature extraction for cell migration examination through intravital microscopy imaging.

Cell detection and tracking applied to in vivo fluorescence microscopy has become an essential tool in biomedicine to characterize 4D (3D space plus time) biological processes at the cellular level. Traditional approaches to cell motion analysis by microscopy imaging, although based on automatic frameworks, still require manual supervision at some points of the system. Hence, when dealing with a large amount of data, the analysis becomes incredibly time-consuming and typically yields poor biological information. In this paper, we propose a fully-automated system for segmentation, tracking and feature extraction of migrating cells within blood vessels in 4D microscopy imaging. Our system consists of a robust 3D convolutional neural network (CNN) for joint blood vessel and cell segmentation, a 3D tracking module with collision handling, and a novel method for feature extraction, which takes into account the particular geometry in the cell-vessel arrangement. Experiments on a large 4D intravital microscopy dataset show that the proposed system achieves a significantly better performance than the state-of-the-art tools for cell segmentation and tracking. Furthermore, we have designed an analytical method of cell behaviors based on the automatically extracted features, which supports the hypotheses related to leukocyte migration posed by expert biologists. This is the first time that such a comprehensive automatic analysis of immune cell migration has been performed, where the total population under study reaches hundreds of neutrophils and thousands of time instances.This work has been partially supported by the National Grant TEC2017-84395-P of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Madrid Regional Government and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid through the project SHARON-CM-UC3M, RTI2018- 095497-B-I00 from Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MICINN) and HR17_00527 from Fundación La Caixa to A.H. M.M-M. is supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports FPU Grant FPU18/02825. M.P-S. is supported by a Federation of European Biochemical Societies long-term fellowship. J.S. is supported by a fellowship (PRE2019-089130) from MICINN.S

Naturally occurring and engineered alphaviruses sensitive to double-stranded-RNA-activated protein kinase show restricted translation in mammalian cells, increased sensitivity to interferon, and marked oncotropism

Alphaviruses are insect-borne viruses that alternate between replication in mosquitoes and vertebrate species. Adaptation of some alphaviruses to vertebrate hosts has involved the acquisition of an RNA structure (downstream loop [DLP]) in viral subgenomic mRNAs that confers translational resistance to protein kinase (PKR)- mediated eIF2α phosphorylation. Here, we found that, in addition to promoting eIF2-independent translation of viral subgenomic mRNAs, presence of the DLP structure also increased the resistance of alphavirus to type I interferon (IFN). Aura virus (AURAV), an ecologically isolated relative of Sindbis virus (SV) that is poorly adapted to replication in vertebrate cells, displayed a nonfunctional DLP structure and dramatic sensitivity to type I IFN. Our data suggest that an increased resistance to IFN emerged during translational adaptation of alphavirus mRNA to vertebrate hosts, reinforcing the role that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-activated protein kinase (PKR) plays as both a constitutive and IFN-induced antiviral effector. Interestingly, a mutant SV lacking the DLP structure (SV-ΔDLP) and AURAV both showed a marked oncotropism for certain tumor cell lines that have defects in PKR expression and/or activation. AURAV selectively replicated in and killed some cell lines derived from human hepatocarcinoma (HCC) that lacked PKR response to infection or poly(I·C) transfection. The oncolytic activities of SV-ΔDLP and AURAV were also confirmed using tumor xenografts in mice, showing tumor regression activities comparable to wild-type SV. Our data show that translation of alphavirus subgenomic mRNAs plays a central role in IFN susceptibility and cell tropism, suggesting an unanticipated oncolytic potential that some naive arboviruses may have in virotherapy. IMPORTANCE Interferons (IFNs) induce the expression of a number of antiviral genes that protect the cells of vertebrates against viruses and other microbes. The susceptibility of cells to viruses greatly depends on the level and activity of these antiviral effectors but also on the ability of viruses to counteract this antiviral response. Here, we found that the level of one of the main IFN effectors in the cell, the dsRNAactivated protein kinase (PKR), greatly determines the permissiveness of cells to alphaviruses that lack mechanisms to counteract its activation. These naive viruses also showed a hypersensitivity to IFN, suggesting that acquisition of IFN resistance (even partial) has probably been involved in expanding the host range of alphaviruses in the past. Interestingly, some of these naive viruses showed a marked oncotropism for some tumor cell lines derived from human hepatocarcinoma (HCC), opening the possibility of their use in oncolytic therapy to treat human tumor

Diseño de obras de mitigación y protección en la zona de equipamiento social de urbanización jardines del rocío, Municipio de Santa Ana, Departamento de Santa Ana

El Salvador es un país altamente perjudicado por una diversidad de fenómenos naturales que constantemente producen situaciones de desastre, las cuales dañan al territorio y a la población, principalmente a aquellas viviendas que se encuentran ubicadas en las zonas más vulnerables y de mayor riesgo; por su poca capacidad para hacer frente y resistir a los efectos de dichos fenómeno

Reflexión de la práctica docente a partir del texto expositivo como recurso pedagógico para la resolución de situaciones problema en las áreas de lenguaje y matemáticas de la Institución Educativa Silvestre Francisco Dangond Daza

154 páginasLa finalidad del presente documento es dar a conocer el resultado de la investigación realizada en la Institución Educativa Silvestre Dangond Daza, la cual está desarrollada desde el enfoque cualitativo y en la línea de investigación-acción, determinando un estudio pedagógico de tipo reflexivo, centrado en la realidad de los agentes educativos de la institución. Partió con la sistematización de datos académicos que determinaron la necesidad de hacer un abordaje hermenéutico en el micro currículo, para analizar las dinámicas propias de la práctica docente que propendan unos cambios en los procesos de enseñanza, significativos en el aprendizaje de los educandos para resolver situaciones problemas en las áreas de lenguaje y matemáticas, teniendo como referente el texto expositivo. La investigación dio respuesta a la problemática planteada sobre las dificultades encontradas en cuanto al análisis y resolución de situaciones problema evidentes en el bajo rendimiento de los estudiantes. Finalmente, la revisión de los procesos, como planeación, gestión de aula, implementación y evaluación, son fundamentales para la transformación de la praxis en el aula, ya que aportan herramientas para profundizar en los conocimientos de las áreas mencionadas y así mismo, los estudiantes muestren avances en su desarrollo cognitivo

Effect of the sowing ratios on the yield and quality of seed from maize genotypes

Objective: To identify optimal sowing ratios, validation of production technology and seed quality in maize hybrids. Design/methodology/approach: Sowing ratios of 4:2 and 6:2 were studied to observe their effect on the genotypes, as well as their quality and response in seed production; this was done by evaluating the following variables: days to male and female flowering, plant and ear height, percentage of ear and seed in cobs, commercial seed yield, thousand seed weight, number of seeds per kilogram, standard germination and hectoliter weight of the seed. An analysis of variance was carried out using a completely randomized design with factorial arrangement and four replications, the experimental unit being furrows of 20 linear meters. Results: Significant differences were detected in the hybrids with respect to the variables and sowing ratios, which specifically influences the weight, size and number of seeds; the hybrid H-386A had the best response to the environment and ratios, exceeding the rest of the hybrids evaluated by 72.92 %. Limitations on study/implications: The interaction of genotype and environment are factors that limit seed production; however, performing evaluations in different environments allows finding stable hybrids with high yields. Findings/conclusions: The generation of knowledge allows us to make decisions regarding crop establishment and quality in seed production lots, being a recommended environment in CIRPAC’s area of influenc

Projeto e construção de uma extrusora de argila para impressão 3d

he objective of this research was to design and build a clay extruder for 3d printing, in response and as an alternative to the high costs presented by conventional materials (PLA, ABS). With this, the field of action of 3d printing would expand to other sectors of industry and crafts. The development of this article was divided into three phases: alternatives of mechanical systems were proposed, until reaching the optimal extruder model that meets the proposed objective. With the chosen model, a CAD (Computer Aided Design) dimensioning of the structure and subsystems was carried out. Then a simulation is carried out in CAE (Computer Aided Engineering) in order to find the critics of the extrusion process and finally the construction of the prototype is carried out.Two performance tests were carried out, one of semiautomatic control (manual nozzle displacement and controlled extrusion) and the other completely controlled with which the fulfillment of the functional and economic expectations was verified, reaching extrude a defined volume of material, however, it is impractical for the manufacture of large volume parts since it does not have a continuous material feed.El objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar y construir un extrusor de arcilla para impresión 3d, en respuesta y como alternativa a los altos costos que presentan los materiales convencionales (PLA, ABS). Con esto se ampliaría el campo de acción de la impresión 3d hacia otros sectores de la industria y la artesanía. El desarrollo de este artículo se dividió en tres fases: se plantearon alternativas de sistemas mecánicos, hasta llegar al modelo óptimo de extrusor que cumpla el objetivo propuesto. Con el modelo elegido se realizó un dimensionamiento en CAD (dibujo asistido por computadora) de la estructura y subsistemas. Después se realiza una simulación en CAE (Ingeniería asistida por computadora) a fin de encontrar los puntos críticos del proceso de extrusión y finalmente se realiza la construcción del prototipo.Se realizaron dos pruebas de funcionamiento una de control semiautomático (desplazamiento de boquilla manual y extrusión controlada) y otra completamente controlada con las cuales se comprobó el cumplimiento de las expectativas funcionales y económicas planteadas, llegando a extruir un volumen definido de material, sin embargo, resulta poco práctico para fabricación de piezas de gran volumen ya que no cuenta con alimentación continua de material.O objetivo desta pesquisa foi projetar e construir uma extrusora de argila para impressão 3d, em resposta e como alternativa aos altos custos apresentados pelos materiais convencionais (PLA, ABS). Com isso, o campo de ação da impressão 3d se expandiria para outros setores da indústria e do artesanato. O desenvolvimento deste artigo foi dividido em três fases: foram propostas alternativas de sistemas mecânicos, até chegar ao modelo de extrusora ideal que atendesse ao objetivo proposto. Com o modelo escolhido, foi realizado um dimensionamento CAD( desenho auxiliado por computador) da estrutura e subsistemas. Em seguida, é realizada uma simulação no CAE (Engenharia auxiliada por computador) para encontrar os críticos do processo de extrusão e, por fim, é realizada a construção do protótipo.Foram realizados dois testes de desempenho, um de controle semiautomático (deslocamento manual do bico e extrusão controlada) e outro completamente controlado com o qual se verificou o cumprimento das expectativas funcionais e econômicas, atingindo um volume definido de material extrudado, porém, é impraticável para a fabricação de peças de grande volume, pois não possui alimentação contínua de material