Fuzzy reasoning spiking neural P systems revisited: A formalization

Research interest within membrane computing is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary.In particular, one of the latest applications is fault diagnosis. The underlying mechanismwas conceived by bridging spiking neural P systems with fuzzy rule-based reasoning systems. Despite having a number of publications associated with it, this research line stilllacks a proper formalization of the foundations.National Natural Science Foundation of China No 61320106005National Natural Science Foundation of China No 6147232

Do product innovation-related activities affect downsizing decisions? An organizational efficiency perspective

Firms’ innovation strategy typically involves the need to shape organizational changes within work structures and routines, even those concerning employee downsizing decisions. However, little effort has been directed toward exploring the role of firm innovation strategy as a determinant of downsizing. Drawing on organizational efficiency perspective, this study proposes a framework to examine the impact of product innovation-related activities on downsizing. The model will be tested using data from a longitudinal sample of Spanish innovative manufacturing firms. It is expected that the results show that firms developing product and process innovations are associated with downsizing decisions. Furthermore, companies that use formal protection of intellectual property through patents, utility models, trademarks and copyrights are believed to keep their personnel. The study attempt to unravel the impact of firm innovation on downsizing decisions and to offer guidance on how innovative firms might operate to control negative effects on their workforce

Kadcyla, nuevo medicamento para el cáncer de mama her2+

T-DM1 ó Trastuzumab-Emtansina (Kadcyla®) es un nuevo fármaco antineoplásico, innovador, único y selectivo utilizado en pacientes con cáncer de mama HER2+ avanzado tratadas previamente con trastuzumab y un taxano. (6) T-DM1 es un conjugado anticuerpo fármaco compuesto por el anticuerpo antiHER2 trastuzumab (Herceptin®) y por el agente citotóxicos microtúbulos, DM1, unidos mediante un enlace estable. Este fármaco actúa de forma selectiva sobre las células tumorales HER2+ , ejerciendo por un lado los mecanismos de acción propios del trastuzumab y por el otro lado el potente efecto citotóxico propio del DM1. La principal ventaja de este complejo fármaco-anticuerpo conjugado es que tiene una liberación selectiva, por lo que sus efectos secundarios son mínimos respecto a otros agentes neoplásicos utilizados para la misma patología. (4,5) Se realizó un estudio de registro ( estudio EMILIA ), en el cual se comparaba el tratamiento objeto del estudio respecto al tratamiento con lapatinib mas capecitabina, en pacientes con cáncer de mama localmente avanzado irresecable o metastásico HER2+ que habían sido tratados previamente con trastuzumab y un taxano. Las pacientes debían haber progresado en la enfermedad durante o después del tratamiento más reciente hasta los 6 meses siguientes a la finalización de la adyuvancia. Las conclusiones a las que se llegaron con el tratamiento del T-DM1 fueron: (4,5) • Aumento de la supervivencia libre de progresión: 9.6 meses con T-DM1 respecto a los 6.4 meses con lapatinib mas capecitabina. Aumento de supervivencia global: 30.9 meses con T-DM1 frente a 25.1 meses con lapatinib mas capecitabina. Perfil de efectos secundarios mejor tolerado y retraso significativo en el tiempo hasta la progresión de los síntomas (7.1 meses para T-DM1 vs 4.6 meses para la lapatinib mas capecitabina) 3 Estos datos demuestran que TDM-1 produce una mejoría en la supervivencia en pacientes previamente tratadas con trastuzumab y un taxano. Por todo ello, se recomienda su uso en pacientes con cáncer de mama avanzado HER2+ que haya progresado a trastuzumab y un taxano, tanto en una segunda línea como en las recidivas precoces, ocurridas durante o tras la finalización de la adyuvancia (menos o igual a seis meses)

RACMA o cómo dar vida a un mapa mudo en el Museo de América

La Realidad Aumentada es una tecnología que permite aumentar el mundo real que percibimos con elementos virtuales interactivos. En este artículo describimos el uso de esta tecnología en el Museo de América de Madrid, sobre un mapa mudo del continente americano en el que, gracias a la Realidad Aumentada creamos personajes que dan vida al mapa y proporcionan información sobre las culturas presentes en el museo

Highly Efficient Production of Heteroarene Phosphonates by Dichromatic Photoredox Catalysis

[EN] A new strategy to achieve efficient aerobic phosphorylation of five-membered heteraroenes with excellent yields using dichromatic photoredox catalysis in a gel-based nanoreactor is described here. The procedure involves visible aerobic irradiation (cold white LEDs) of a mixture containing the heteroarene halide, trisubstituted phospite, N,N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) as sacrificial agent, and catalytic amounts of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene (DCA) in the presence of an adequate gelator, which permits a faster process than at the homogeneous phase. The methodology, which operates by a consecutive photoinduced electron transfer (ConPET) mechanism, has been successfully applied to the straightforward and clean synthesis of a number of different heteroarene (furan, thiophene, selenophene, pyrrole, oxazole, or thioxazole) phosphonates, extending to the late-stage phosphonylation of the anticoagulant rivaroxaban. Strategically, employment of cold white light is critical since it provides both selective wavelengths for exciting first DCA (blue region) and subsequently its corresponding radical anion DCA(center dot-) (green region). The resultant strongly reducing excited agent DCA(center dot-)* is capable of even activate five-membered heteroarene halides (Br, Cl) with high reduction potentials (similar to-2.7 V) to effect the C(sp(2))-P bond formation. Spectroscopic and thermodynamic studies have supported the proposed reaction mechanism. Interestingly, the rate of product formation has been clearly enhanced in gel media because reactants can be presumably localized not only in the solvent pools but also through to the fibers of the viscoelastic gel network. This has been confirmed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy images where a marked densification of the network has been observed, modifying its fibrillary morphology. Finally, rheological measurements have shown the resistance of the gel network to the incorporation of the reactants and the formation of the desired products.Financial support from the Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2018/044) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2019-105391GB-C21, PID2019-105391GBC22, BES-2017-080215, and BEAGAL18/00166) is gratefully acknowledged. D.D.D. thanks NANOTech., INTech, Cabildo de Tenerife, and ULL for laboratory facilities. We also thank the Electron Microscopy Service from the UPV.Herrera-Luna, JC.; Díaz Díaz, D.; Jiménez Molero, MC.; Pérez-Ruiz, R. (2021). Highly Efficient Production of Heteroarene Phosphonates by Dichromatic Photoredox Catalysis. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 13(41):48784-48794. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.1c14497S4878448794134

Predicting performance in team games: The automatic coach

This is an electronic version of the paper presented at the 3rd International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence, held in Rome on 2011A wide range of modern videogames involves a number of players collaborating to obtain a common goal. The way the players are teamed up is usually based on a measure of performance that makes players with a similar level of performance play together. We propose a novel technique based on clustering over observed behaviour in the game that seeks to exploit the particular way of playing of every player to find other players with a gameplay such that in combination will constitute a good team, in a similar way to a human coach. This paper describes the preliminary results using these techniques for the characterization of player and team behaviours. Experiments are performed in the domain of Soccerbots.This work has been partly supported by: Spanish Ministry of Science and Education under grant TIN2009-13692-C03-03, TIN2010-19872 and Spanish Ministry of Industry under grant TSI, 020110- 2009-205

The assessment as analysis component of pedagogical knowledge of content in the case of the electric field

Se describe un estudio de caso centrado en la evaluación de un profesora de física de bachillerato durante la enseñanza del campo eléctrico, abordado desde tres niveles: declarativo, diseño y acción. Se analizan siete ámbitos de estudio tomando como referencia los modelos didácticos tradicionales o aquellos centrados en el profesor, uno intermedio y otro constructivista o centrado en el estudiante. Los ámbitos fueron: (1) finalidad; (2) objeto de la evaluación; (3) quienes participan en la evaluación; (4) tipo de evaluación; (5) instrumentos y técnicas de evaluación; (5) diseño y organización de las evaluaciones; y (7) calificación. Los resultados sugirieron que la tendencia tradicional es la predominante en los tres niveles. Sin embargo, a nivel declarativo no hay una tendencia definida con relación al contenido campo eléctrico a diferencia del de carga y fuerza eléctrica. La descripción que la profesora da sobre la evaluación presenta diferentes propósitos. Por un lado, se describe una evaluación de carácter formativo que evalúa no sólo contenidos sino habilidades. Por otro, está la evaluación como requisito institucional y necesidad social que no se puede abolir a pesar de desearse. El problema es que aunque se considera que se debe modificar esta evaluación institucional, no se encuentra la fórmula para hacerloWe describe a case study focused on the evaluation of a high school physics teacher mean while she teaches on electric field from three levels: declarative, design and action We analyze seven fields of study taking as a reference the traditional pedagogical models or those focused on the teacher, one intermediate and the other constructivist or focused on the student. The fields were: (1) purpose , (2) evaluation subject, (3) who are involved in the assessment , (4) assessment type, (5) assessment tools and techniques, (5) design and organization of the assessments; and (7) qualification. The results suggested that the traditional tendency is the predominant one in all three levels. However, in the declarative level there is not a definite trend when we analyze for content (charge, electric force and force line and intensity of the electric field). The description given by the teacher on assessment presents different purposes. On the one hand, she describes the formative character on assessment, where she evaluates not only content but also abilities. On the other hand, she describes an assessment as institutional requirement and social need. The problem is that although she considers the evaluation is to be modified, she does not find the formula to do that.peerReviewe

Evaluación formativa usando exámenes no presenciales

Los exámenes tradicionales están orientados a la evaluación sumativa, no a la formativa, y provocan un aprendizaje superficial, más que un aprendizaje profundo. Su objetivo es evaluar, no facilitar el aprendizaje. Los estudiantes perciben que su futuro a corto plazo depende de su nota en un examen, por lo que orientan su estudio a aprobar dicho examen. En este artículo se exponen las ventajas e inconvenientes de realizar un examen no presencial, con evaluación sumativa y formativa, que los estudiantes realizan fuera de clase a lo largo de un periodo de tiempo mucho más largo que el de un examen tradicional, lo que les ayuda a conseguir un aprendizaje profundo.SUMMARY -- Traditional exams are focused on the summative assessment, not on the formative one. Its aim is to evaluate, not to facilitate learning, so it results in superficial learning rather than deep learning. Thus, students perceive that their short-term future depends on their note in the exam, so their study is guided to pass the examination. In this paper we propose a take-home exam in which students have more time to solve the questions and are not restricted by the sources they can consult, thereby providing a highly educational task in which students experience a deep learning process.Peer Reviewe