Estudio de la toxoplasmosis y sarcosporidiosis de ganada bovino de la provincia de Granada (España)

The variations in the content of free amino acids in fruits during ripening is a matter of interest since these compounds are related to their flavour, taste and structure. This study was designed to determine the changes of free amino acids in ripening cherimoya fruits (Annona cherimolia var. Fino de Jete), evaluating the influence of the storage temperature afier harvesting. Methanolic fruit extracts of epicarp and mesocarp were used for quantification of free amino acids which were analyzed by ion-exchange chromatography. Citrulline and proline were detected in relatively high amounts. Glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, asparagine and the non proteinogenic taurine, y-aminobutyric and yaminoadipic acids were found in concentrations that varied between 2-6% of the total free amino acids content. Ripening increased the contents of amino acids, mainly proline,  citrulline and glutamate when cherimoya storage at 20 oC or 80 oC. These increases did not occur when the storage temperature was maintained at 4 oC suggesting that chilling injury markedly affects the synthesis pathway of proline from glutamate.Las variaciones en el contenido de aminoácidos libres en frutos durante la maduración es un tema de interés debido a la relación de estos compuestos con su olor, sabor y estructura. Este estudio se ha diseñado para determinar los cambios en aminoácidos libres durante la maduración de los frutos del chirimoyo (Annona cherimolia varo Fino de Jete), evaluando la influencia de la temperatura de almacenamiento después de la recolección. Extractos metanólicos de epicarpio y mesocarpio del fruto se usaron para la cuantificación de los aminoácidos libres, los cuales fueron analizados por cromatografia de intercambio iónico. Citrulina y prolina se detectaron en cantidades relativamente altas. Glutamato, glutamine, aspartato, asparragina y los no proteinogenéticos taurina, ácido yaminobutíricoy ácido a-aminoadípico fueron encontrados en concentraciones que variaron entre 2-6% del total del contenido de aminoácidos libres. La maduración incrementó el contenido de aminoácidos, sobre todo de prolina, citrulina y glutamato, cuando los chirimoyos se almacenaron a 20 oC o 8 oc. Este incremento no ocurrió cuando la temperatura de almacenamiento se mantuvo a 4 oC, sugiriendo que el daño por frío afecta marcadamente a la vía de síntesis de la prolina a partir de glutamato

Influence of Low Dietary Inclusion of the Microalga Nannochloropsis gaditana (Lubián 1982) on Performance, Fish Morphology, and Muscle Growth in Juvenile Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata)

A 90-d feeding trial was conducted in which five groups of gilthead seabream (11.96 g initial body weight) were fed with a microalgae-free diet (control group, C) or four diets containing the microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana at two inclusion levels (2.5% or 5%), either raw (R2.5 and R5 batches) or cellulose-hydrolyzed (H2.5 and H5 batches), to study their effect on the body and muscle growth. At 40 days, the highest values of body length and weight were reached in R5 group, but at 64 and 90 days, these were reached in R2.5. However, feed conversion rate, specific growth, daily intake, and survival (100%) were similar in all the groups. The acquisition of a discoid body shape was accelerated depending on the inclusion level of N. gaditana in the diets. Moreover, H5 diet affected the fish geometric morphology compared to R5 diet. The white muscle transverse area was similar in all groups at 40 days, with the exception of H2.5 group, which showed the lowest area. At day 90, C and R2.5 displayed the highest muscle growth, attributable to increased hyperplasia in C, and higher hypertrophy in R2.5. However, the highest proportion of small and medium fibers was observed in R5 and H5Versión del edito

Present and future tradeoffs between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being in tropical Latin America.

Tropical forests are critical for the maintenance of biodiversity, the mitigation of climate change, this assets has to be in line with the upkeep of the livelihood of rural populations that live with them. Yet, tropical areas have been and still are transformed under the pressure imposed by the production of commodities for global markets. In order to assess the challenges in balancing these multiple needs of tropical areas, we modeled biodiversity change, ecosystem services and human well-being under current conditions and into three contrasting future scenarios (low and high climate forcing, conventional and sustainable development) for Mexico, Brazil and Bolivia. We aimed to answer the following questions: 1- What is the relationship between ecosystem integrity, as an indicator of biodiversity, and ecosystem services? 2- What is the nature of tradeoffs between biodiversity, ecosystem services and human well-being? 3- What policies can contribute to better navigate these tradeoffs

Comparative serology techniques for the diagnosis of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in a rural population from the state of Querétaro, Mexico

Immunological diagnostic methods for Trypanosoma cruzi depend specifically on the presence of antibodies and parasitological methods lack sensitivity during the chronic and “indeterminate” stages of the disease. This study performed a serological survey of 1,033 subjects from 52 rural communities in 12 of the 18 municipalities in the state of Querétaro, Mexico. We detected anti-T. cruzi antibodies using the following tests: indirect haemagglutination assay (IHA), indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), ELISA and recombinant ELISA (rELISA). We also performed Western blot (WB) analysis using iron superoxide dismutase (FeSOD), a detoxifying enzyme excreted by the parasite, as the antigen. Positive test results were distributed as follows: ELISA 8%, rELISA 6.2%, IFA and IHA 5.4% in both cases and FeSOD 8%. A comparative study of the five tests was undertaken. Sensitivity levels, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, concordance percentage and kappa index were considered. Living with animals, trips to other communities, gender, age, type of housing and symptomatology at the time of the survey were statistically analysed using SPSS software v.11.5. Detection of the FeSOD enzyme that was secreted by the parasite and used as an antigenic fraction in WBs showed a 100% correlation with traditional ELISA tests

Paleobiology of titanosaurs: reproduction, development, histology, pneumaticity, locomotion and neuroanatomy from the South American fossil record

Fil: García, Rodolfo A.. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología. Museo Provincial Carlos Ameghino. Cipolletti; ArgentinaFil: Salgado, Leonardo. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología. General Roca. Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Mariela. Inibioma-Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche. Bariloche. Río Negro; ArgentinaFil: Cerda, Ignacio A.. Instituto de Investigación en Paleobiología y Geología. Museo Provincial Carlos Ameghino. Cipolletti; ArgentinaFil: Carabajal, Ariana Paulina. Museo Carmen Funes. Plaza Huincul. Neuquén; ArgentinaFil: Otero, Alejandro. Museo de La Plata. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Coria, Rodolfo A.. Instituto de Paleobiología y Geología. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro. Neuquén; ArgentinaFil: Fiorelli, Lucas E.. Centro Regional de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia Tecnológica. Anillaco. La Rioja; Argentin

Estimations of bedload sediment transport in the Guadiana Estuary (SW Iberian Peninsula) during low river discharge period

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Effects on the development of Spodoptera frugiperda feeding on diets spiked with Solanum sisymbriifolium extracts.

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