5 research outputs found
Macrophyte and macroinvertebrate patterns in unimpacted mountain rivers of two European ecoregions
The aim of the study was to compare the
patterns of development of macrophytes and macroinvertebrates
in different types of reference mountain
rivers. The study is based on reference river sites
surveyed throughout the mountains in Poland and
Slovakia in two European ecoregions (9âCentral
Highlands, 10âThe Carpathians). A wide range of
environmental variables were estimated, including
water chemistry, hydromorphology, geology, and the
spatial factor. Based on the Jaccard index, macrophyte
and macroinvertebrate variation was confirmed
between four mountain and upland river types. It
was found that the biological diversification is mainly
influenced by geological and associated chemical
factors. In the case of macroinvertebrates, additionally,
the importance of the spatial factor was revealed
(difference between ecoregions). Finally, the habitat
preferences of various taxa were identified. It was
found that extreme mountain conditions can sometimes
distort bioindicative response, as was detected in
the case of macroinvertebrates in the highest mountain
sites. We concluded that consideration of two groups
of organisms enables more comprehensive and reliable
monitoring than assessment based on a single
group, especially when standard bioindicative methods
can be distorted by extreme local conditions
Sniffing the mood for cooperation: Personality and odor induced affective states effects
The paper explores situational and dispositional underpinnings of cooperative behavior. According to psychological research, cooperation is strongly related to affective states (Forgas, 1998) and personality dimensions (Volk, Thöni, & Ruigrok, 2011). In an experimental study we examined the conditions under which people cooperate with each other. The dispositional traits of co-workers (personality), the contribution to a collaborative effort, and a situational factor â ambient odor condition were taken into consideration. A one-way ANOVA revealed that compared to a malodorous condition, both the pleasant odor condition and the natural odor condition showed higher rates of cooperation. Further analysis indicated that only malodors influenced affective states which in turn determined social decisions. Although we found effects for the participantsâ agreeableness and the coworkerâs contribution to a joint work, they appeared to play a less critical role than affective states induced by the experimental odor conditions tested here
Sniffing the mood for cooperation: Personality and odor induced affective states effects
The paper explores situational and dispositional underpinnings of cooperative behavior. According to psychological research, cooperation is strongly related to affective states (Forgas, 1998) and personality dimensions (Volk, Thöni, & Ruigrok, 2011). In an experimental study we examined the conditions under which people cooperate with each other. The dispositional traits of co-workers (personality), the contribution to a collaborative effort, and a situational factor â ambient odor condition were taken into consideration. A one-way ANOVA revealed that compared to a malodorous condition, both the pleasant odor condition and the natural odor condition showed higher rates of cooperation. Further analysis indicated that only malodors influenced affective states which in turn determined social decisions. Although we found effects for the participantsâ agreeableness and the coworkerâs contribution to a joint work, they appeared to play a less critical role than affective states induced by the experimental odor conditions tested here