An error estimate of Gaussian Recursive Filter in 3Dvar problem

Computational kernel of the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3D-Var) problem is a linear system, generally solved by means of an iterative method. The most costly part of each iterative step is a matrix-vector product with a very large covariance matrix having Gaussian correlation structure. This operation may be interpreted as a Gaussian convolution, that is a very expensive numerical kernel. Recursive Filters (RFs) are a well known way to approximate the Gaussian convolution and are intensively applied in the meteorology, in the oceanography and in forecast models. In this paper, we deal with an oceanographic 3D-Var data assimilation scheme, named OceanVar, where the linear system is solved by using the Conjugate Gradient (GC) method by replacing, at each step, the Gaussian convolution with RFs. Here we give theoretical issues on the discrete convolution approximation with a first order (1st-RF) and a third order (3rd-RF) recursive filters. Numerical experiments confirm given error bounds and show the benefits, in terms of accuracy and performance, of the 3-rd RF.Comment: 9 page

Some New Facts about Gunter Eich in the Nazi Period and the Importance of Context: A Reconstruction of his Nonextant Radio Play Rebellion in der Goldstadt

While Gunter Eich\u27s writing career goes back to the final years of the Weimar Republic, he had his most significant impact on the postwar literary scene, as a founding member of the Gruppe 47, a leading representative of the Naturlyrik tradition, and as the author responsible for the German radio play\u27s classic period. In these same years Eich also gained much notoriety as a voice of dissent during West Germany\u27s economic miracle. With its unambiguous allusions to fascism and its disquieting message of universal guilt, Eich\u27s radio play Traume elicited an unprecedented barrage of listener protest upon its premier broadcast in 1951, which one critic heralded as the birth hour of the provocative radio play. And in his acceptance speech for the 1959 Georg Buchner Prize, Eich once again sparked great controversy by stating that totalitarianism was an ever present danger in the Federal Republic, and by then closing his speech with a call for writers to practice a form of linguistic resistance against the establishment. Thus Gunter Eich, the lyric poet and radio author, also earned himself the reputation of an anarchistic nonconformist — a reputation which he maintained until his death in 1972

DIETARY METHODS USING LACTOBACILLUS PARACASEI SUBSP. PARACASEI F19 AS NAPE-PLD GENE CARRIER FOR PRODUCING ON DEMAND PEA OR OEA AND RELATIVE BIOLOGICAL DIETARY COMPOSITIONS THEREOF

Method enabling to modulate and customize the production of active lipids involved in exerting an antagonistic action to local inflammation and in modulating the mast cell reactivity, comprising the administering to an host the probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. Paracasei F19, genetically modified with a nucleotide vector comprising a nucleic acid encoding the human N-acyl-phosphatidylethanolamine phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD), in association with lipid substrates and precursors, to influence the enzymatic reactions of said probiotic agent in the host. The method is useful in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disorder and in the treatment of metabolic syndrome and for controlling of obesity

Practice parameters for the treatment of colonic diverticular disease: Italian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery (SICCR) guidelines

The mission of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) is to optimize patient care. Providing evidence-based practice guidelines is therefore of key importance. About the present report it concernes the SICCR practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diverticular disease of the colon. The guidelines are not intended to define the sole standard of care but to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the available therapeutic options

Consumer perceptions of Sustainable Development Goals: conceptualisation, measurement, and contingent effects

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused drastic disruptions to many multinational companies’ (MNCs’) supply chain management, pushing them to relocate their manufacturing activities to their home countries, a phenomenon known as reshoring. Grounded in moral psychology theory and the resource-based view, the aims of this research are to provide an extended conceptualisation of sustainable development goal (SDG) perceptions from local consumers, develop a scale, and assess this scale in relation to the reliability and validity of consumer perception of SDG antecedents and consequences in reshoring contexts from three industries, with the help of six studies. We conceptualise these perceptions on the basis of seven components (i.e. society/community wellbeing, affordable and clean energy consumption, economic growth, responsible consumption, responsible production, sustainable industrialisation and innovation, and gender equality). Using data from three distinct industries and a sample of 1075 reshoring MNC customers, we also determine how local consumers perceive and react to reshoring initiatives geared towards achieving SDGs and advocacy. The findings offer relevant implications for both the management and research of SDGs in a reshoring context at a scale level, which we describe in the form of future research directions

Synchronization Based Approach for Estimating All Model Parameters of Chaotic Systems

The problem of dynamic estimation of all parameters of a model representing chaotic and hyperchaotic systems using information from a scalar measured output is solved. The variational calculus based method is robust in the presence of noise, enables online estimation of the parameters and is also able to rapidly track changes in operating parameters of the experimental system. The method is demonstrated using the Lorenz, Rossler chaos and hyperchaos models. Its possible application in decoding communications using chaos is discussed.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure

Slower Speed and Stronger Coupling: Adaptive Mechanisms of Self-Organized Chaos Synchronization

We show that two initially weakly coupled chaotic systems can achieve self-organized synchronization by adaptively reducing their speed and/or enhancing the coupling strength. Explicit adaptive algorithms for speed-reduction and coupling-enhancement are provided. We apply these algorithms to the self-organized synchronization of two coupled Lorenz systems. It is found that after a long-time self-organized process, the two coupled chaotic systems can achieve synchronization with almost minimum required coupling-speed ratio.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Microbiota–Liver Diseases Interactions

: Gut microbiota regulates essential processes of host metabolism and physiology: synthesis of vitamins, digestion of foods non-digestible by the host (such as fibers), and-most important-protects the digestive tract from pathogens. In this study, we focus on the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, which is extensively used to correct multiple diseases, including liver diseases. Then, we discuss the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), affecting more than 25% of the global population; colorectal cancer (CRC) is second in mortality. We give space to rarely discussed topics, such as pathobionts and multiple mutations. Pathobionts help to understand the origin and complexity of the microbiota. Since several types of cancers have as target the gut, it is vital extending the research of multiple mutations to the type of cancers affecting the gut-liver axis

The role of formyl peptide receptors in permanent and low-grade inflammation: Helicobacter pylori infection as a model

Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) are cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), belonging to the chemoattractant G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) family. They play a key role in the innate immune system, regulating both the initiation and the resolution of the inflammatory response. FPRs were originally identified as receptors with high binding affinity for bacteria or mitochondria N-formylated peptides. However, they can also bind a variety of structurally different ligands. Among FPRs, formyl peptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1) is the most versatile, recognizing N-formyl peptides, non-formylated peptides, and synthetic molecules. In addition, according to the ligand nature, FPRL1 can mediate either pro-or anti-inflammatory responses. Hp(2-20), a Helicobacter pylori-derived, non-formylated peptide, is a potent FPRL1 agonist, participating in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric inflammation, thus contributing to the related site or not-site specific diseases. The aim of this review is to provide insights into the role of FPRs in H. pylori-associated chronic inflammation, which suggests this receptor as potential target to mitigate both microbial and sterile inflammatory diseases