Rare coral under the genomic microscope: timing and relationships among Hawaiian Montipora

Background Evolutionary patterns of scleractinian (stony) corals are difficult to infer given the existence of few diagnostic characters and pervasive phenotypic plasticity. A previous study of Hawaiian Montipora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) based on five partial mitochondrial and two nuclear genes revealed the existence of a species complex, grouping one of the rarest known species (M. dilatata, which is listed as Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature - IUCN) with widespread corals of very different colony growth forms (M. flabellata and M. cf. turgescens). These previous results could result from a lack of resolution due to a limited number of markers, compositional heterogeneity or reflect biological processes such as incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) or introgression. Results All 13 mitochondrial protein-coding genes from 55 scleractinians (14 lineages from this study) were used to evaluate if a recent origin of the M. dilatata species complex or rate heterogeneity could be compromising phylogenetic inference. Rate heterogeneity detected in the mitochondrial data set seems to have no significant impacts on the phylogenies but clearly affects age estimates. Dating analyses show different estimations for the speciation of M. dilatata species complex depending on whether taking compositional heterogeneity into account (0.8 [0.05–2.6] Myr) or assuming rate homogeneity (0.4 [0.14–0.75] Myr). Genomic data also provided evidence of introgression among all analysed samples of the complex. RADseq data indicated that M. capitata colour morphs may have a genetic basis. Conclusions Despite the volume of data (over 60,000 SNPs), phylogenetic relationships within the M. dilatata species complex remain unresolved most likely due to a recent origin and ongoing introgression. Species delimitation with genomic data is not concordant with the current taxonomy, which does not reflect the true diversity of this group. Nominal species within the complex are either undergoing a speciation process or represent ecomorphs exhibiting phenotypic polymorphisms.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Estudo retrospectivo de 7 casos de Enterocolite Necrosante (EN) em recém-nascidos. Uma proposta de assistência de enfermagem

This work analyses 7 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn babies. Specific nursing care measures are proposed based on data which characterizes the population and the clinic symptoms of risk. The study aims at contributing to early diagnosis and prevention of possible complications.O presente trabalho analisa sete casos de Enterocolite Necrosante (EN) em recém-nascidos (RN). São propostos cuidados específicos de enfermagem baseados em dados que caracterizam a população e os sinais clínicos de riscos. O estudo visa contribuir para o diagnóstico precoce e a prevenção de complicações

Rising the persian gulf black-lip pearl oyster to the species level: fragmented habitat and chaotic genetic patchiness in Pinctada persica

Marine organisms with long pelagic larval stages are expected to exhibit low genetic differentiation due to their potential to disperse over large distances. Growing body of evidence, however, suggests that marine populations can differentiate over small spatial scales. Here we focused on black-lip pearl oysters from the Persian Gulf that are thought to belong to the Pinctada margaritifera complex given their morphological affinities. This species complex includes seven lineages that show a wide distribution ranging from the Persian Gulf (Pinctada margaritifera persica) and Indian Ocean (P. m. zanzibarensis) to the French Polynesia (P. m. cumingii) and Hawai'i (P. m. galtsoffi). Despite the long pelagic larval phase of P. m. persica, this lineage is absent from continental locations and can only be found on a few islands of the Persian Gulf. Mitochondrial COI-based analyses indicated that P. m. persica belongs to a clearly divergent ESU and groups with specimens from Mauritius (P. m. zanzibarensis). Microsatellite data, used here to assess the spatial scale of realized dispersal of Persian Gulf black-lip pearl oysters, revealed significant genetic structure among islands distant of only a few dozen kilometres. The scantiness of suitable habitats most likely restricted the distribution of this lineage originating the observed chaotic genetic patchiness. The hatchery-based enhancement performed in one of the sampled islands may also have affected population genetic structure. The long-term accumulation of genetic differences likely resulted from the allopatric divergence between P. m. persica and the neighbouring Indian Ocean black-lip pearl oysters

O uso do plástico na manutenção do ambiente termoneutro para recém-nascido de pré-termo (RNPT)

Aborda o uso do plástico para a manutenção de um meio ambiente termo-neutro necessário na assistência de enfermagem ao recém-nascido de pré-termo. O método consiste na colocação do plástico sobre suportes que se adequam ao aparelho usado como fonte de aquecimento. A aplicação do referido método demonstrou uma menor osciiaçao na temperatura do microambiente que circunda o recém-nascido ( RN), contribuindo para a conservação do calor, sem dificultar a manipulação da criança

Diferenças Quanto ao Desempenho na Atenção Concentrada de Crianças e Adolescentes com e sem TDAH

A atenção é um processo neuropsicológico complexo que tem a função de facilitar a atividade mental selecionando estímulos mais importantes, dentre outros que estão ocorrendo no mesmo momento, de acordo com a necessidade do organismo. Algumas dificuldades encontradas em relação à atenção se referem à distração, esquecimentos, repetição de erros e necessidade de perguntar mais de uma vez a mesma coisa. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar as diferenças quanto a atenção concentrada através do D2 Teste de Atenção Concentrada em 60 crianças e adolescentes, com e sem TDAH, com idade entre 9 e 15 anos. Os achados mostram que o D2  é um instrumento sensível para avaliar essa função na população investigada, porém sugere-se um estudo envolvendo uma amostra maior. O estudo também mostrou que existem diferenças significativas entre os grupos, que o grupo com TDAH apresentou um pior desempenho

GEOLOGIA – MONITORIA MEDIADA POR TECNOLOGIA DA INFORMAÇÃO E COMUNICAÇÃO - TIC

O objetivo deste projeto foi dar suporte a alunos e professora nas demandas de suporte operacional,considerando a necessidade de retorno às atividades pedagógicas. As aulas nesse momento foramcondicionadas ao uso de tecnologias e exclusivamente de forma remota. As TICs mediaram todas asatividades. Como resultado dos 40 alunos matriculados, 32 registraram condição regular e, 5 alunos nãoforam aprovados, dos 32 alunos regulares, ou seja, 88% foram aprovados. Dos alunos regulares todosacessaram a monitoria mais de três vezes por semana

Free-living Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in an Urban Area in Brazil - Biochemical and Hematological Parameters

Background: Capybaras have found favorable conditions for survival and reproduction in green urban environments. In recent years, the population of these large rodents has been increasingly abundant in several brazilian cities such as Uberlândia, a municipality of the southeastern region with a Cerrado biome. Capybaras are important in the Brazilian Spotted Fever epidemiological chain, by amplifying infection rates of the vector population. However, knowledge of this host´s physiology is scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to describe hematological and biochemical parameters of free-living capybaras groups in urbanized areas in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Capybaras were captured in 4 different locations of Uberlândia city, Minas Gerais state, including 1 Condominium (P1), 1 Private Market Garden (P2), 1 Private Club (P3) and 1 Municipal Park (P4). The animals were baited into an octagonal iron corral and chemically contained with anesthetic darts. After sedated, blood was collected from the femoral vein in tubes with and without EDTA. Biochemical evaluation, hematological analysis with differential leukocyte counts and search for Dirofilaria sp. were done. The blood count and biochemistry values obtained from animals of different ages, sex and sectors (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, considering 95% significance. Values that had a normal distribution were subjected to ANOVA tests followed by Student's t-test. Values that did not follow normality were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, to obtain a P-value, with a significance level of 95%. A total of 19 capybaras were captured: 4 in P1, 6 in P2, 4 in P3 and 5 in P4. From the 19 animals, 13 were females (68.42%) and 6 were males (31.57%), 12 adults (63.15%) and 7 juveniles (36.84%). Apart from occasional skin scars and moderate to intense Ambyomma spp. tick infestations, all captured animals were healthy on a broad examination. From 5 animals captured in P4, despite the use of anticoagulant, blood from 4 animals clotted fast. No microfilariae were found in the thick drop test in any of the 19 animals sampled, and in 2 adult female capybaras captured in P1, Kurloff cells were observed. Hematological and biochemical values presented no major differences when comparing sex and age. Nevertheless, differences in liver and kidney profile were observed between the capybara groups, including ALT, alkaline phosphorus, BUN and creatinine.Discussion: Blood from 4 animals clotted fast, despite the use of EDTA tubes. Blood clotting of samples with anticoagulant in this work could be associated with some physiological features inherent to capybaras. Many attempts were required to obtain enough blood from each individual due to the rapid hemostasis, what come in accordance with reports in literature. Kurloff cells were observed in 2 adult female capybaras captured in P1, which can be found in peripheral blood of female rodents during follicular phase of estrous cycle. Hematological and biochemical values differences in liver enzymes such as ALT and alkaline phosphorus, and kidney profile enzymes including BUN and creatinine could be associated to capture stress or dietetic variation between groups. Despite statistical relevant, the values were still in accordance with other works, although comparisons should be done with caution since various environments exert a diverse array of stimulus upon the animals such as parasitic, infective, stress, nutritional, social and undoubtedly blood parameters mirror them. In conclusion, this work contributes to the standardization of free-living capybaras' physiological parameters in urban areas.Keywords: capybaras, physiological parameters, enzymatic parameters, green urban environment, capture stress, fauna, biomes.

Development of Beekeeping: An Analysis Using the Technique of Principal Components

Beekeeping is an economic activity of the Brazilian agricultural sector and a powerful tool to achieve sustainable development. However, beekeeping still remains a modest activity compared to other areas, with a lack of technical knowledge and beekeeping practices that need to be standardized. This study represents a proposal for the diagnosis of beekeeping, to facilitate decision-making and to provide a faster development of the beekeeping activity. We investigated the process of adoption of beekeeping practices of 28 beekeepers and the quality of the honey produced by them in the Western region of Paraná, using the technique of Principal Components Analysis after the construction of apicultural indexes. Specifically, the honey produced in the Western region of Paraná be included in the requirements of national and international legislation, but the beekeeping practices adopted still require standardization so that the beekeepers have higher honey production. Also, the transformation of variables into apicultural indexes for later use in the analysis of principal components proved to be efficient to draw a beekeeping profile. Our research proves to be efficient in accurately diagnosing beekeeping bottlenecks, which may enable better decision-making and thus attract new entrepreneurs and increase their relevance to achieve sustainable rural development

Cremilda Medina: pedagogia dos afetos na universidade

This article presents the pedagogical experience of Cremilda Medina, journalist, researcher and senior full professor at the University of Sao Paulo (USP). In the stages of more than five decades, we summarize here different moments of dialogical social mediation, the central axis of her pedagogical proposal, set in 19 books by the researcher and more than 50 collections organized by her. The qualitative reflexive study combines complementary methodologies such as case study, documentary historical research, bibliographic research, interviews and observation-experience. Among the affective possibilities of teaching practiced by Cremilda Medina is the concept of teaching-learning characterized by action and not by verbalization of knowledge.Este artículo presenta la experiencia pedagógica de Cremilda Medina, periodista, investigadora y profesora titular sénior en la Universidad de Sao Paulo (USP). En las etapas de más de cinco décadas, resumimos aquí diferentes momentos de mediación social dialógica, el eje central de su propuesta pedagógica, establecida en 19 libros por la investigadora y más de 50 colecciones organizadas por ella. El estudio reflexivo cualitativo combina metodologías complementarias como estudio de caso, investigación histórica documental, investigación bibliográfica, entrevistas y observación-experiencia. Entre las posibilidades afectivas de la enseñanza practicada por Cremilda Medina se destaca el concepto de enseñanza-aprendizaje caracterizado por la acción y no por la verbalización del conocimientoEste artigo apresenta a experiência pedagógica de Cremilda Medina, jornalista, pesquisadora e professora titular sênior da Universidade de São Paulo (USP). Nas etapas de mais de cinco décadas, resumem-se aqui diferentes momentos da mediação social dialógica, eixo central de sua proposta pedagógica, fixado em 19 livros de autoria da pesquisadora e mais de 50 coletâneas por ela organizadas. O estudo reflexivo qualitativo combina metodologias que se complementam como o estudo de caso, pesquisa histórica documental, bibliográfica, entrevistas e observação-experiência. Entre as possibilidades afetivas da docência praticada por Cremilda Medina destaca-se o conceito de ensino-aprendizagem caracterizado pela ação, e não pela verbalização de conhecimentos