Problemáticas y potencialidades de las iniciativas productivas juveniles en el horizonte crítico del "estado social de derecho"

This work seeks to identify some problems and potentialities of youth productive initiatives. In the author’s opinion the youth is facing an ambiguous situation: on one hand, the recognition and political opening and, on the other hand, inconsistency between the rights discourse and the youth reality, impregnated with unemployment and lack of opportunities. Frequently, the projects implemented for youth are initiatives short of breath and focused on issues identified from institutions that do not reflect the youth sentiments. Meanwhile, productions of young people exceed the institutional expectations and they print vital energy to their communities. However, institutions have been able for canalizing that energy to their own interests, the reason why young people would rather work outside the State. Este trabajo busca identificar las problemáticas y potencialidades de las iniciativas productivas de los jóvenes. Los campos de análisis del autor son los jóvenes como sujetos de derecho desde la Constitución de 1991 y algunas políticas públicas de juventud, los jóvenes en las dinámicas del desarrollo y organización y productividad. Para el autor los jóvenes se enfrentan a un panorama ambiguo: de un lado el reconocimiento y la apertura política y de otro la incoherencia entre el discurso de derechos y la realidad juvenil, impregnada de desempleo y falta de oportunidades. Generalmente los proyectos que se implementan para la juventud son iniciativas de corto aliento, asistenciales y centradas en problemáticas que han sido identificadas desde las instituciones que no recogen el sentir de los jóvenes. Entretanto, las producciones de los jóvenes exceden las expectativas institucionales e imprimen energía vital a sus comunidades. Sin embargo, las instituciones han sabido canalizar esa energía a sus propios intereses, razón por la cual los jóvenes prefieren obrar al margen del Estado

T-REX: software for the processing and analysis of T-RFLP data

Softwar

Microbial community composition of transiently wetted Antarctic Dry Valley soils

During the summer months, wet (hyporheic) soils associated with ephemeral streams and lake edges in the Antarctic Dry Valleys (DVs) become hotspots of biological activity and are hypothesized to be an important source of carbon and nitrogen for arid DV soils. Recent research in the DV has focused on the geochemistry and microbial ecology of lakes and arid soils, with substantially less information being available on hyporheic soils. Here, we determined the unique properties of hyporheic microbial communities, resolved their relationship to environmental parameters and compared them to archetypal arid DV soils. Generally, pH increased and chlorophyll a concentrations decreased along transects from wet to arid soils (9.0 to ~7.0 for pH and ~0.8 to ~5 μg/cm3 for chlorophyll a, respectively). Soil water content decreased to below ~3% in the arid soils. Community fingerprinting-based principle component analyses revealed that bacterial communities formed distinct clusters specific to arid and wet soils; however, eukaryotic communities that clustered together did not have similar soil moisture content nor did they group together based on sampling location. Collectively, rRNA pyrosequencing indicated a considerably higher abundance of Cyanobacteria in wet soils and a higher abundance of Acidobacterial, Actinobacterial, Deinococcus/Thermus, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Gemmatimonadetes, Nitrospira, and Planctomycetes in arid soils. The two most significant differences at the genus level were Gillisia signatures present in arid soils and chloroplast signatures related to Streptophyta that were common in wet soils. Fungal dominance was observed in arid soils and Viridiplantae were more common in wet soils. This research represents an in-depth characterization of microbial communities inhabiting wet DV soils. Results indicate that the repeated wetting of hyporheic zones has a profound impact on the bacterial and eukaryotic communities inhabiting in these areas

CONCEPCIONES SOBRE EL SISTEMA INMUNOLÓGICO QUE POSEEN LOS ESTUDIANTES DE OCTAVO GRADO EN LA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA INEM “JULIÁN MOTTA SALAS” EN LA CIUDAD DE NEIVA-HUILA

En esta investigación se describe las concepciones que poseen los estudiantes de octavo grado de la Institución Educativa INEM “Julián Motta Salas” de Neiva (Huila-Colombia), sobre el tema de Sistema Inmunológico. Por su naturaleza el estudio se orientó como una investigación cualitativa y los instrumentos utilizados para la recolección de datos fueron un cuestionario y la observación participante durante el 2014-II. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes identifican variedad de concepciones frente al tema, y a partir de la labor docente con la ayuda del diseño e implementación de una unidad didáctica comprendida por 7 subtemáticas del sistema inmunológico, las cuales se abarcaron con el desarrollo de una práctica de laboratorio, una salida de campo y siete actividades de complemento que fueron desarrolladas en 10 sesiones de clases presenciales, permitieron la enseñanza-aprendizaje de diferentes contenidos conceptuales, procedimentales y actitudinales que favoreció la construcción de explicaciones de manera científica sobre el sistema inmunológico. De manera general, las concepciones de algunos de los estudiantes se mantuvieron durante el proceso formativo, para otros se observó algunas modificaciones, las cuales están relacionadas con las actividades formativas que se desarrollaron a través de la planificación e implementación de la unidad didáctica guiadas a través de las discusiones que se generaban en las sesiones de clase

An interlaboratory comparison of 16S rRNA gene-based terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods for assessing microbial diversity of seafloor basalts

We present an interlaboratory comparison between full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) for microbial communities hosted on seafloor basaltic lavas, with the goal of evaluating how similarly these two different DNA-based methods used in two independent labs would estimate the microbial diversity of the same basalt samples. Two samples were selected for these analyses based on differences detected in the overall levels of microbial diversity between them. Richness estimators indicate that TRFLP analysis significantly underestimates the richness of the relatively high-diversity seafloor basalt microbial community: at least 50% of species from the high-diversity site are missed by TRFLP. However, both methods reveal similar dominant species from the samples, and they predict similar levels of relative diversity between the two samples. Importantly, these results suggest that DNA-extraction or PCR-related bias between the two laboratories is minimal. We conclude that TRFLP may be useful for relative comparisons of diversity between basalt samples, for identifying dominant species, and for estimating the richness and evenness of low-diversity, skewed populations of seafloor basalt microbial communities, but that TRFLP may miss a majority of species in relatively highly diverse samples

A mouse model of high trait anxiety shows reduced heart rate variability that can be reversed by anxiolytic drug treatment

Increasing evidence suggests that specific physiological measures may serve as biomarkers for successful treatment to alleviate symptoms of pathological anxiety. Studies of autonomic function investigating parameters such as heart rate (HR), HR variability and blood pressure (BP) indicated that HR variability is consistently reduced in anxious patients, whereas HR and BP data show inconsistent results. Therefore, HR and HR variability were measured under various emotionally challenging conditions in a mouse model of high innate anxiety (high anxiety behaviour; HAB) vs. control normal anxiety-like behaviour (NAB) mice. Baseline HR, HR variability and activity did not differ between mouse lines. However, after cued Pavlovian fear conditioning, both elevated tachycardia and increased fear responses were observed in HAB mice compared to NAB mice upon re-exposure to the conditioning stimulus serving as the emotional stressor. When retention of conditioned fear was tested in the home cage, HAB mice again displayed higher fear responses than NAB mice, while the HR responses were similar. Conversely, in both experimental settings HAB mice consistently exhibited reduced HR variability. Repeated administration of the anxiolytic NK1 receptor antagonist L-822429 lowered the conditioned fear response and shifted HR dynamics in HAB mice to a more regular pattern, similar to that in NAB mice. Additional receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated the high specificity and sensitivity of HR variability to distinguish between normal and high anxiety trait. These findings indicate that assessment of autonomic response in addition to freezing might be a useful indicator of the efficacy of novel anxiolytic treatments