An Algorithm for the Generation of Segmented Parametric Software Estimation Models and Its Empirical Evaluation

Parametric software effort estimation techniques use mathematical cost-estimation relationships derived from historical project databases, usually obtained through standard curve regression techniques. Nonetheless, project databases -- especially in the case of consortium-created compilations like the ISBSG --, collect highly heterogeneous data, coming from projects that diverge in size, process and personnel skills, among other factors. This results in that a single parametric model is seldom able to capture the diversity of the sources, in turn resulting in poor overall quality. Segmented parametric estimation models use local regression to derive one model per each segment of data with similar characteristics, improving the overall predictive quality of parametrics. Further, the process of obtaining segmented models can be expressed in the form of a generic algorithm that can be used to produce candidate models in an automated process of calibration from the project database at hand. This paper describes the rationale for such algorithmic scheme along with the empirical evaluation of a concrete version that uses the EM clustering algorithm combined with the common parametric exponential model of size-effort, and standard quality-of-adjustment criteria. Results point out to the adequacy of the technique as an extension of existing single-relation models

Analysis of the impact of file formats for open data analytics efficiency: a case study with R

By sharing their documents many organizationsof boast of trans-parency that does not have. Why?Because the documents are pub-lished in for in which thedata are if not impossible very difficult to analyzed by themain existing exploratory data analysis, eda, software. Forreason it is very important not only to share thedocumentation but to share it in a file format that allowsthe user to analyze them easily. This paper presents theresults of a research conducted to help to solve thisproblem and it has been developed to establish which fileformats must be used to facilitate the use and analysis ofdata shared in open data sets when its used one of the maineda software like is R

LIPSNN: A Light Intrusion-Proving Siamese Neural Network Model for Facial Verification

Facial verification has experienced a breakthrough in recent years, not only due to the improvement in accuracy of the verification systems but also because of their increased use. One of the main reasons for this has been the appearance and use of new models of Deep Learning to address this problem. This extension in the use of facial verification has had a high impact due to the importance of its applications, especially on security, but the extension of its use could be significantly higher if the problem of the required complex calculations needed by the Deep Learning models, that usually need to be executed on machines with specialised hardware, were solved. That would allow the use of facial verification to be extended, making it possible to run this software on computers with low computing resources, such as Smartphones or tablets. To solve this problem, this paper presents the proposal of a new neural model, called Light Intrusion-Proving Siamese Neural Network, LIPSNN. This new light model, which is based on Siamese Neural Networks, is fully presented from the description of its two block architecture, going through its development, including its training with the well- known dataset Labeled Faces in the Wild, LFW; to its benchmarking with other traditional and deep learning models for facial verification in order to compare its performance for its use in low computing resources systems for facial recognition. For this comparison the attribute parameters, storage, accuracy and precision have been used, and from the results obtained it can be concluded that the LIPSNN can be an alternative to the existing models to solve the facet problem of running facial verification in low computing resource devices

PSON: A serialization format for IoT sensor networks

In Many Internet Of Things (Iot) Environments, The Lifetime Of A Sensor Is Linked To Its Power Supply. Sensor Devices Capture External Information And Transmit It. They Also Receive Messages With Control Commands, Which Means That One Of The Largest Computational Overheads Of Sensor Devices Is Spent On Data Serialization And Deserialization Tasks, As Well As Data Transmission. The Simpler The Serialization/Deserialization And The Smaller The Size Of The Information To Be Transmitted, The Longer The Lifetime Of The Sensor Device And, Consequently, The Longer The Service Life. This Paper Presents A New Serialization Format (Pson) For These Environments, Which Simplifies The Serialization/Deserialization Tasks And Minimizes The Messages To Be Sent/Received. The Paper Presents Evaluation Results With The Most Popular Serialization Formats, Demonstrating The Improvement Obtained With The New Pson Format.This work was funded by public research projects of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (MINECO) (MINECO), references TEC2017-88048-C2-2-R, RTC-2016-595-2, RTC-2016-5191-8, and RTC-2016-5059-8, and the Madrid Government (Comunidad de Madrid-Spain) under the Multiannual Agreement with UC3M in the line of Excellence of University Professors (EPUC3M17) in the context of the V PRICIT (Regional Programme of Research and Technological Innovation) and the CDTI (Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial E.P.E.), CNU/1308/2018, 28 November

Wireless location: A survey about GSM in location techniques

Security has become one of the most important fea tures in modern computation, especially due to the point of view of the user. Security issues (like pri vacy or secure use of the application) will be taken into account during the evaluation of the system by the final user. Also, it is an important issue for the developer, due to the reason that the developer should be sure about the correct performance of the system. The purpose of this paper is to offer a deep survey on existent attacks to GSM location adapt ing them from common GSM attacks to location attacks

Segmented software cost estimation models based on fuzzy clustering

Parametric software cost estimation models are based on mathematical relations, obtained from the study of historical software projects databases, that intend to be useful to estimate the effort and time required to develop a software product. Those databases often integrate data coming from projects of a heterogeneous nature. This entails that it is difficult to obtain a reasonably reliable single parametric model for the range of diverging project sizes and characteristics. A solution proposed elsewhere for that problem was the use of segmented models in which several models combined into a single one contribute to the estimates depending on the concrete characteristic of the inputs. However, a second problem arises with the use of segmented models, since the belonging of concrete projects to segments or clusters is subject to a degree of fuzziness, i.e. a given project can be considered to belong to several segments with different degrees. This paper reports the first exploration of a possible solution for both problems together, using a segmented model based on fuzzy clusters of the project space. The use of fuzzy clustering allows obtaining different mathematical models for each cluster and also allows the items of a project database to contribute to more than one cluster, while preserving constant time execution of the estimation process. The results of an evaluation of a concrete model using the ISBSG 8 project database are reported, yielding better figures of adjustment than its crisp counterpart.Ministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología TIN2004-06689-C0

Estudio multicéntrico español PIBHE: prevalencia e inmunización de la infección crónica por el virus de la hepatitis B en pacientes en hemodiálisis en España

ResumenIntroducciónEl estudio PIBHE, promovido por la Asociación Española de Hígado y Riñón y el Grupo de Virus en Diálisis de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología, es el primer estudio que determina la situación de los pacientes en hemodiálisis con infección crónica por el VHB y la inmunización frente a la vacuna.MétodoEstudio nacional multicéntrico, observacional, de corte transversal, entre enero de 2013 y de 2014. Se envió un cuaderno de recogida de datos a todos los servicios de nefrología y unidades extrahospitalarias de hemodiálisis de España, para que lo cumplimentaran a partir de la historia clínica del paciente, tras consentimiento informado. Los datos se incluyeron en una base central.ResultadosParticiparon 215 centros (15.645 pacientes), con una prevalencia del VHB del 1,03%. El 7,2% de los pacientes VHB(+) estaba coinfectado por el VHC o VIH. La carga viral era inferior a 2.000 UI/ml en el 80%. Los niveles de GOT y GPT fueron de 19,1±10,1 y 15,9±9,6 UI/ml, respectivamente. La biopsia hepática se había realizado en el 7,1%. El 30% había recibido tratamiento antiviral, que se había suspendido en el 12,5%. El más empleado había sido entecavir (13,3%), seguido de lamivudina (10%), adefovir y tenofovir (6,7%) e interferón (3,3%). El 34,5% era candidato a trasplante renal y el 6,9% no había sido evaluado. Se encontraban en seguimiento por un digestólogo el 64,3%. No había sido vacunado el 27,2% de los pacientes VHB(−) sin inmunización. Se emplearon 14 pautas distintas de vacunación, con un 58,8% de inmunización. La media de anti-HBs se situaba en 165,7±297,8mUI/ml. El 72,7% de los pacientes había recibido un ciclo de vacunación; el 26,4%, 2 ciclos; el 1,0%, 3 ciclos y el 11,6%, una dosis de recuerdo. El 28,3% tuvo una respuesta pobre (anti-HBs 10-99mUI/ml); el 22,4%, una respuesta óptima (anti-HBs 100-999mUI/ml); y el 7,9%, una respuesta excelente (anti-HBs≥1.000mUI/ml). La edad se asoció significativamente con la respuesta a la vacunación, de manera que los pacientes que no respondieron tenían una edad media significativamente mayor que los pacientes que obtuvieron cualquier tipo de respuesta (p<0,05). La mayor probabilidad de conseguir una respuesta inmunitaria se alcanzaba con 4 dosis de 40mcg de vacuna adyuvada (OR: 7,3; IC 95%: 3,4-15,7), a igualdad de edad y número de revacunaciones y recuerdos. La edad, la vacuna adyuvada, la dosis y el esquema de vacunación influían en la respuesta inmunitaria y en el título de anti-HBs alcanzado (p<0,05).ConclusiónLa prevalencia de la infección crónica por el VHB en hemodiálisis en España es baja, así como las tasas de inmunización frente a este virus. Los esquemas de vacunación empleados son muy diversos y se han correlacionado con la respuesta inmunitaria, por lo que sería necesario protocolizar la pauta más eficaz para aumentar la inmunización en estos pacientes.AbstractIntroductionThe PIBHE study, promoted by the Spanish Liver and Kidney Association and the Dialysis Virus Group of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, is the first study to determine the status of haemodialysis patients with chronic HBV infection and the immunisation against the vaccine.MethodThe study has a national multicentre, observational, cross-sectional design and was carried out between January 2013 and 2014. A data collection folder was sent to all the nephrology departments and outpatient haemodialysis units in Spain, to be completed based on patient medical files after informed consent. The data were recorded in a central database.ResultsA total of 215 centres participated (15,645 patients), with an HBV prevalence of 1.03%. HCV or HIV was present in 7.2% of the HBV(+) patients. Viral load was below 2,000 IU/ml in 80%. GOT and GPT levels were 19.1±10.1 and 15.9±9.6 IU/ml, respectively. Liver biopsy was performed in 7.1%. Antiviral treatment was prescribed in 30% and suspended in 12.5%: entecavir (13.3%), lamivudine (10%), adefovir and tenofovir (6.7%), and interferon (3.3%). A total of 34.5% were candidates for renal transplantation and 6.9% had not been evaluated; 64.3% were followed up by a gastroenterologist; 27.2% of HBV(−) patients without immunisation had not been vaccinated. Fourteen different immunisation schedules had been used, with an immunisation rate of 58.8%. Mean anti-HBs stood at 165.7±297.8mIU/ml. A total of 72.7% of patients had received a vaccination course; 26.4%, 2 cycles; 1.0%, 3 cycles; and 11.6%, a booster dose. A total of 28.3% had a poor response (anti-HBs 10-99mIU/ml); 22.4%, an optimal response (anti-HBs 100-999mIU/ml); and 7.9%, an excellent response (anti-HBs ≥ 1,000mIU/ml). Age was significantly associated with response to vaccination; the mean age of nonresponders was significantly higher than patients who had a response of any kind (P<.05). The highest probability of an immune response was achieved with 4 doses of 40 mcg of adjuvanted vaccine (OR: 7.3; 95% CI 3.4 to 15.7), for the same age and number of cycles and boosters. Age, adjuvanted vaccine, dose and vaccination schedule influenced the immune response and the anti-HBs titres reached (P<.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of chronic HBV infection in haemodialysis in Spain is low and so are the rates of immunisation against the virus. The vaccination schedules used are very diverse and have been observed to correlate with the immune response. It would therefore be necessary to establish a protocol for the most effective vaccination schedule to increase immunisation in these patients

Los consejeros dominicales y la rotación del primer ejecutivo. Evidencias de las empresas cotizadas españolas 2007-2010

Este trabajo avanza en la investigación sobre la sucesión del CEO, la composición del consejo y las redes de consejeros, examinando cómo los consejeros dominicales y la pertenencia a múltiples consejos afectan a la probabilidad de despido del máximo responsable ejecutivo de la compañía. Haciendo uso de una nueva base de datos que cubre todas las sucesiones de CEO ocurridas en las empresas cotizadas españolas durante el periodo 2007-2010, proponemos que los consejeros dominicales pueden incrementar los esfuerzos de supervisión y vigilancia por parte del consejo sobre el CEO, obligándolo a dimitir en situaciones de bajo desempeño. El estudio también aborda la pertenencia a múltiples consejos, ofreciendo evidencias sobre los efectos beneficiosos que esas consejerías proporcionan, al permitir acumular experiencias y aprendizaje de primera mano en otras compañías. Las hipótesis se contrastan longitudinalmente, utilizando los datos sobre las sucesiones de CEO tomadas de 111 empresas cotizadas en el mercado continuo en un periodo de 4 años

A comparative study to distinguish the vineyard of origin by NIRS using entire grapes, skins and seeds

[EN] BACKGROUND: Interest in high-quality products with a clear geographical origin is increasing. For the wine industry and market sector, identity preservation is of fundamental importance owing to the large number of geographical classifications. Nowadays, there is a growing demand for analytical methods for tracing grapes and wines. In the oenological sector, infrared spectroscopy is becoming an attractive tool allowing simultaneous measurement of several analytical parameters and enabling real-time decision making. RESULTS: Discriminant partial least squares, a supervised pattern recognition technique,wasemployedto discriminatebetween vineyards of origin using the near-infrared spectra of intact grapes, skins or seeds. In order to compare the three sample presentations, a receiver operating characteristic curve was used. The best results were obtained using intact grape seeds, with prediction rates of samples correctly classified of about 95%, although the good results obtained with entire grapes (about 93% of samples correctly classified) and the simplicity of use of the fibre optic probe could advise using entire grape presentation for comprehensive studies. CONCLUSION: The procedure reported here seems to have excellent potential for a fast and reasonably inexpensive analysis of the origin of samples. It is noted that such classification can be made at any time of ripening. This paper provides information of interest to develop new and extensive models in the future

Logistic accessibility of the peninsula European southwest

El objetivo es analizar el efecto que provocaría en la accesibilidad y el abastecimiento potencial de mercancías en la Península Ibérica, la construcción de las plataformas logísticas del Suroeste Europeo en Badajoz y Caia. Se analizan los tiempos mínimos de acceso de cada plataforma logística a las diferentes núcleos poblacionales, la población potencial a la que se tendría acceso desde cada una de ellas y la accesibilidad absoluta de las plataformas logísticas respecto a los puertos marítimos comerciales, comparando dos escenarios: antes de la construcción de las nuevas plataformas, y otro considerando su futura construcción. Se considera la importancia de cada plataforma en función de su área de influencia potencial. Para facilitar el análisis de las variables utilizadas, se hace uso de cartografía temática bajo entornos SIG. Este trabajo pone de manifiesto el efecto positivo de estas nuevas infraestructuras y las potencialidades de la metodología utilizada.The study aim is to analyze the effect that it would provoke in the accessibility and the potential supply of goods in the Iberian Peninsula, the construction of the logistic platforms of the European Southwest in Badajoz and Caia. It is analyzed minimum access times from each different logistic platform to different peninsular center of population, potential population from logistic platform and absolute accessibility of the logistic platforms respect to commercial seaports, comparing two scenes: one before the construction of the new platforms, and other one considering the future construction of them. Moreover, it is taking into account the importance degree of each platform based on their area of potential influence. To facilitate the analysis of the variables used, thematic cartography in GIS is used. This work reveals the positive effect of these new infrastructures and the potentials of the used methodology.peerReviewe