Desarrollo y caracterización de concreto polimérico modificado con fibras recicladas: efecto de la radiación gamma

En esta investigación se estudiaron los efectos de la incorporación de fibras de llanatas recicladas y de la radiación gamma en las propiedades mecánicas de concreto polimérico elaborado con resina poliésterinsaturada y arena sílice. Se elaborarón cuatro tipos de concretos poliméricos: 1. Control(sin fibras). 2. con fibras sin irradiara diferentes concentraciones en porcentajes de volumen 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 y 1.2 . 3. Con fibras irradiadas a 50 y 100 kGy a diferentes concentraciones en porcentajes de columén de 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, y 1.2 y 4. Con fibras sin irradiar a diferentes concentraciones en porcentaje de volumen de 1.3, 0.6, 0.9 y 1.2 e irradiado directamente a 50 y 100kGy

Conservation genetics of Iberian raptors

Genética de la conservación de rapaces ibéricas En este artículo se da una visión global de lo que es la genética de la conservación y cuáles son las acciones de manejo en la naturaleza que pueden beneficiarse de los estudios genéticos. Se presentan en primer lugar los factores genéticos de riesgo para la supervivencia de las especies y cuáles son las consecuencias de la pérdida de diversidad genética y de la depresión tanto por endogamia como por exogamia. Se explica el uso de las herramientas genéticas en la delimitación de las unidades de conservación. Tras ello se explica cuáles son las aplicaciones más comunes de la genética de la conservación en el manejo de poblaciones silvestres. En una segunda parte del artículo se hace una revisión de los estudios en genética de la conservación llevados a cabo en rapaces ibéricas. Se explican varios estudios llevados a cabo sobre el águila imperial ibérica, el quebrantahuesos, el buitre negro y el milano real usando marcadores en microsatélites autosomales y secuencias de ADN mitocondrial (mtDNA). Se describen estudios sobre el cernícalo primilla y el alimoche que han utilizado adicionalmente marcadores en el complejo de histocompatibilidad mayor (MHC) con el propósito de incorporar el estudio de variación no neutral. Para cada una de las especies se explica cómo estos estudios se pueden aplicar y/o se aplican en las estrategias de conservación de dichas especies en la naturaleza. Palabras clave: Genética de la conservación, Genómica de la conservación, Marcadores moleculares, Rapaces ibéricas, Manejo de poblaciones amenazadas.In this paper I provide an overview of conservation genetics and describe the management actions in the wild that can benefit from conservation genetic studies. I describe the genetic factors of risk for the survival of wild species, the consequences of loss of genetic diversity, inbreeding and outbreeding depression, and the use of genetic tools to delimitate units of conservation. Then I introduce the most common applications of conservation genetics in the management of wild populations. In a second part of the paper I review the conservation genetic studies carried on the Iberian raptors. I introduce several studies on the Spanish imperial eagle, the bearded vulture, the black vulture and the red kite that were carried out using autosomal microsatellite markers and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequencing. I describe studies on the lesser kestrel and Egyptian vulture that additionally applied major histocompatibility complex (MHC) markers, with the purpose of incorporating the study of non–neutral variation. For every species I explain how these studies can be and/or are applied in the strategy of conservation in the wild. Key words: Conservation genetics, Conservation genomics, Molecular markers, Iberian raptors, Management of threatened populations.Genética de la conservación de rapaces ibéricas En este artículo se da una visión global de lo que es la genética de la conservación y cuáles son las acciones de manejo en la naturaleza que pueden beneficiarse de los estudios genéticos. Se presentan en primer lugar los factores genéticos de riesgo para la supervivencia de las especies y cuáles son las consecuencias de la pérdida de diversidad genética y de la depresión tanto por endogamia como por exogamia. Se explica el uso de las herramientas genéticas en la delimitación de las unidades de conservación. Tras ello se explica cuáles son las aplicaciones más comunes de la genética de la conservación en el manejo de poblaciones silvestres. En una segunda parte del artículo se hace una revisión de los estudios en genética de la conservación llevados a cabo en rapaces ibéricas. Se explican varios estudios llevados a cabo sobre el águila imperial ibérica, el quebrantahuesos, el buitre negro y el milano real usando marcadores en microsatélites autosomales y secuencias de ADN mitocondrial (mtDNA). Se describen estudios sobre el cernícalo primilla y el alimoche que han utilizado adicionalmente marcadores en el complejo de histocompatibilidad mayor (MHC) con el propósito de incorporar el estudio de variación no neutral. Para cada una de las especies se explica cómo estos estudios se pueden aplicar y/o se aplican en las estrategias de conservación de dichas especies en la naturaleza. Palabras clave: Genética de la conservación, Genómica de la conservación, Marcadores moleculares, Rapaces ibéricas, Manejo de poblaciones amenazadas

Means testing vs. universal targeting: Assumptions of efficiency and affordability

Whether social protection benefits should be assigned to all (universal) or kept only for those who meet certain criteria (targeting) remains one of the most contentious questions in social policy research. The purpose of this brief is to revisit two social policy assumptions around basic concerns of efficiency, affordability and sustainability of universal social pensions. Contrary to what many international organisations and scholars have argued, this brief forwards that universal social pensions are economically viable and efficient strategies to produce welfare and alleviate older-age income deprivations. The world clearly has the resources to implement basic social pensions on a global scale; the question is if there is also the political will to do it

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND ACTIVATION OF PYRIDINE DIPYRROLIDE SUPPORTED VANADIUM-NITROGEN MULTIPLE BONDS

The chemistry of coordination complexes of vanadium supported by pyridine di-pyrrolide pincer ligands was probed via the synthesis and investigation of a variety of compounds from the trivalent starting material, (MesPDPPh)VCl(thf)2. Under reducing conditions and subsequent addition of terpyridine, a redox transfer series (1-, 0, 1+) stemming from the neutral product (MesPDPPh)V(terpy) was isolated and characterized by X-ray crystallography. The precise bond lengths, in conjunction with bulk magnetic susceptibility, allowed for a detailed study of the redox non-innocence of polypyridyl ligands in these systems. Metathesis of the halide starting material with azide salts allowed for the isolation of [Na(18-crown-6)][(MesPDPPh)V(N3)2(thf)], which could be thermolyzed to produce the mixed nitride/azide salt, [Na(18-crown-6)][(MesPDPPh)VN(N3)]. Following characterization of the resulting vanadium-nitrogen triple bond, the activation of this species with electrophilic reagents was explored. The PDP supported vanadium nitride proved a competent nucleophile toward trimethylsilyl chloride, resulting in the imido complex (MesPDPPh)V(NTMS)(N3). This product was then subjected to reducing conditions as a first step toward silylation-coupled electron transfer, as a model analogue for homogeneous ammonia production, resulting in the isolation of the cobaltocenium salt of the parent complex. The vanadium-imido complex (MesPDPPh)V(N-1Ad)(N3) was prepared by thermolysis of 1-adamantyl azide in the presence of the trivalent halide starting material, followed by metathesis with azide salts. This product, along with [Na(18-crown-6)][(MesPDPPh)VN(N3)] and (MesPDPPh)V(NTMS)(N3), were then subjected to photolytic conditions to generate transient diradical nitrene intermediate from the decomposition of the pendant azide ligand on the d0 V(V) metal center. Irradiation with green light lead to the generation of the intra-ligand C-H activated products [(Na(18-crown-6)][(MesPDPPh-NH)VN] and (MesPDPPh-NH)V(NTMS). Following the study of this reactivity, computations revealed an unusual lowest lying excited state, which may be responsible for a divergent deazotation mechanism for the preconceived unimolecular pathway. In order to contrast work in this lab with the photosensitizer Zr(MesPDPPh)2, a new ligand was prepared and appended to a variety of early metals including titanium, zirconium, vanadium, and niobium. The pyridine di-amine (PDA) ligand scaffold was directly compared to the PDP ligand, and its reactions with metals gave several interesting products during the course of this study. However, none of these were luminescent. This result was investigated by empirical techniques and computational chemistry

Analysis and design of the 3Cat-8 pointing control system for high-volume data downlink

The objective of this bachelors thesis is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the communication subsystems in the UHF, S, and X bands of the 3Cat-8 mission. This mission aims to develop a satellite under the CubeSat standard that allows the study of different physical phenomena, such as the effects of auroral emissions on wave propagation through the ionosphere. Furthermore, this project also includes the design of an S-band patch antenna, both to understand the design of a space application antenna and to implement it on the same satellite and compare it with other commercial options. In addition, the polar orbit described by the satellite results in limited opportunities for data downlink, making it necessary to design and dimension magnetic actuators to enable the satellite to point towards the ground station. This document addresses the study, design, and manufacturing of these elements in order to enable the satellite to aim its antennas at the ground station. Overall, this work represents a significant contribution to the 3Cat-8 mission. Throughout this project, various activities encompassing the fields of aerospace engineering and telecommunications have been carried out

Child Abuse and Neglect

This research focuses specifically on informing on one of the most problematic issues around the country: child abuse and neglect. In depth, it examines the types of child abuses, the risk factors, the signs and symptoms, and the consequences this issue brings to the victims. Seen in various forms such as neglect, physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, child abuse is the intentional act of a parent/caretaker which results, or is likely to result, in physical injury to a child. This issue is important because several children are losing their lives, losing the opportunity of having a future. ● Young children between the age of four or younger with special needs are more at risk of becoming victims. A parent is more likely to commit the abuse due to their young age, low education, and low income. ● Indicators of child abuse include bruises (physical), extreme behaviors (emotional), nightmares, difficulty in walking and sitting (sexual), and are constantly dirty and have insufficient clothes (neglect). ● Victims of child abuse experience high rates of depression, anxiety, PTSD, and disruptive behavior problems. These problems lead to the use of drugs and alcohol as a method to deal with the pain