An example of adaptation: experience of virtual clinical skills circuits of internal medicine students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada (Spain) during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background: The state of alarm declared in Spain in response to the Coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has had far-reaching consequences in all areas of life. At the University of Granada’s (UGR) Faculty of Medicine, online teaching was implemented immediately without any preexisting plan. Second-year undergraduates in medicine, particularly those enrolled in the subject ‘Bases of Internal Medicine,’ would normally undergo clinical skills circuits in faceto- face group settings. Objective: To facilitate undergraduates’ acquisition of specific transversal skills by means of an integrated online working system. Design: Before the pandemic, teaching/learning methods consisted of 1) face-to-face group work; 2) teletutoring; 3) written work uploaded to the PRADO online platform for marking by the teletutor; and 4) presentation of written work to the group. As a result of the lockdown, presentations in class were suspended and replaced by online presentations. The means adopted by students in online presentations were freely chosen using various communication techniques: linear projection systems (6); acting/simulation (4); dramatization (1); and roleplaying (1). Results: The number of online clinical skills circuits developed was 12, one for each of the clinical skills circuits established for imparting this subject. A total of 12 presentations were made by the 10 groups, each lasting 15 minutes followed by a 5-minute discussion to settle any questions raised. The presentations were marked jointly by the teaching staff, coordinator, and students. Conclusions: The transference of classroom learning to the online environment proved an essential resource for teaching/learning clinical/practical skills during the lockdown, which have never before been imparted at distance

Caracterización estructural del sistema ovino-caprino de la región noroeste de República Dominicana (Structural characterization of sheep and goat farming systems in Northwest Dominican Republic)

The aim of this study was to analyze structural aspects of goat and ovine livestock farming systems located in the Norwest of Dominican Republic. The sample (94 farms) was randomly selected with proportional allocation by region. Forty-four variables related to structural and productive aspects were analyzed. The average size of farms was 96 ha and 165 animals. Their facilities are simple, nonspecific and barely functional, with a mean of 2 pens per farm. Farms generally do not have perimeter fences, facilities for breeding, feeding or watering points. The reproductive strategy is the natural breeding throughout the year on most farms, with a ratio of one sire for every 36 females, and there are no breeding records. The first mating takes place with an average weight of 17 kg at 6.5 months of age. Feeding is based on grazing of natural pastures and forests (94%), reaching a stocking density of 0.83 LU/ha. Food supplementation is used in 37% of farms, mainly in sheep and mixed farms. The lambs and goats are sold when they reach 23 kg in weight, around 7 months of age. The farms do not receive technical advice, although 94% of them apply preventive treatments on a regular basis. The mortality rate reached 12%. In general, farms are very heterogeneous in their production structure, management, nutrition and health. Thus, a group of farms developed a traditional system (goats), while the most efficient and technified correspond to sheep and mixed farms

El género como variable influyente para el desarrollo de malos tratos psicológicos en las relaciones de pareja de jóvenes universitarios/as

La violencia psicológica en el noviazgo es un fenómeno actual de magnitud universal. El presente trabajo aporta un mayor conocimiento sobre el maltrato psicológico en las relaciones de noviazgo en jóvenes universitarios/as. Asimismo, se analiza la relación entre los malos tratos psicológicos en la pareja y el sexo del sujeto. Participaron 216 estudiantes universitarios/as distribuidos en dos grupos atendiendo al sexo con edades comprendidas entre los 17 y 23 años. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto un mayor repertorio conductual por parte del varón en lo referido al maltrato psicológico en la pareja que la mujer, confirmándose la presencia de diferencias significativas en las conductas de ridiculización, reproches y amenazas. Todo parece indicar que el género es un factor influyente en la capacidad de infligir daño psicológico a la pareja. Se sugiere la puesta en práctica de medidas coeducativas que se anticipen a la instauración de aprendizajes patriarcales tradicionales.The psychological dating violence is a current phenomenon of universal magnitude. This study provides a better understanding of psychological abuse in dating relationships in young university / as. Furthermore, the relationship between psychological abuse in relationships and sex of the subject is analyzed. 216 attended university / as students divided into two groups according to sex aged between 17 and 23 years. The results show a greater behavioral repertoire by the man with regard to psychological abuse in the couple that the woman, confirming the presence of significant differences in the behavior of ridicule, accusations and threats. It seems that gender is an influential in the ability to inflict psychological harm to the couple factor. the implementation of co-educational measures that anticipate the establishment of traditional patriarchal learning is suggested

La educación emocional como recurso para la prevención de la violencia de género en niños/as de educación de primaria.

La violencia de género suele ser entendida de forma sesgada como un problema que se produce en el ámbito privado. Sin embargo, debe interpretarse como un fenómeno que tiene lugar en nuestra sociedad, marcando de modo estructural la desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres. En este sentido, la calidad educativa en los últimos años, ha incorporado la Inteligencia Emocional como complemento del desarrollo cognitivo, existiendo en la actualidad trabajos encaminados a potenciar las habilidades sobre las emociones con el fin de afrontar las relaciones basadas en la igualdad. En el presente trabajo proponemos el entrenamiento en competencias de Inteligencia Emocional en las aulas de Educación Primaria como herramienta para la prevención de actitudes desencadenantes de violencia simbólica entre géneros. Para ello, presentamos un programa educación emocional planteado desde la prevención primaria y dirigido al alumnado preadolescente de Sexto de Educación Primaria (11-12 años). Se trata de 15 sesiones agrupadas en 4 bloques de contenidos de acuerdo al “Modelo Multifactorial de la Inteligencia Emocional” de Bar-On (1997). El programa supone una propuesta innovadora que facilite al alumno/a de forma integral: aprender a convivir, aprender a ser, aprender a hacer y a aprender a aprender (Delors, 1996).Gender violence is often understood in a biased manner as a problem that occurs in the private sphere. However, it is interpreted as a phenomenon that takes place in our society, marking in structural inequality between men and women. In this sense, the quality of education in recent years, has incorporated emotional intelligence as an adjunct to cognitive development, there is presently work aimed at enhancing the skills of emotions in order to cope with relationships based on equality. In this paper we propose training in emotional intelligence competencies in classrooms of primary education as a tool for preventing trigger attitudes of symbolic violence between genders. To do this, we present an emotional education program from primary prevention raised and directed to the preadolescent students in Sixth of Primary Education (11-12 years). It is 15 sessions grouped into 4 blocks of content according to the "Multifactor Model of Emotional Intelligence or noncognitive Intelligences" Bar-On (1997). The program is an innovative proposal to provide the student / a holistically: learning to live together, learning to be, learning to do and learning to learn (Delors, 1996)

The role of experience, perceived match importance, and anxiety on cortisol response in an official esports competition

The aim of the present study was to analyse the neuroendocrine stress response, psychological anxiety response, and perceived match importance (PMI) between expert and non-expert control gamers in an official competitive context. We analyzed, in 25 expert esports players and 20 control participants, modifications in their somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, self-confidence, PMI, and cortisol in a League of Legends competition. We found how expert esports players presented higher cortisol concentrations (Z = 155.5; p = 0.03; Cohen’s d = −0.66), cognitive anxiety (Z = 99.5; p = 0.001), and PMI (Z = 50.5; p < 0.001) before the competition than non-experts participants. We found a greater statistical weight in the cognitive variables than in the physiological ones. The results obtained suggest that real competitive context and player’s expertise were factors associated with an anticipatory stress response. The PMI proved to be a differentiating variable between both groups, highlighting the necessity to include subjective variables that contrast objective measurements

Some inferences on the mechanism of atmospheric gas/particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) at Zaragoza (Spain)

Gas-particle partitioning of pollutants is an important mechanism determining atmospheric processing and its impact to environmental and human health. In this paper, the gas-particle partitioning of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) has been studied with the aim of determining the main mechanism of PAH partitioning in Zaragoza (Spain) aerosols. To reach this goal, the ambient concentrations of PAH (gas and particle phase) collected in this city for one year period (2003-2004) have been analyzed. The partitioning between the particle and gas phases was studied according to three different models: the Junge adsorption model, the absorption into the organic matter model using the octanol-air (KOA) partition coefficient and the absorption into the organic matter plus the adsorption onto the soot carbon model using the soot-air (KSA) partition coefficients. Experimental gas/particle partition coefficients (KP) correlated well with the subcooled liquid vapour pressures (P0 L) of PAH but with slopes higher than the expected value of - 1. Experimental Kp values were well fit to the modelled ones when, in addition to absorption into organic matter, adsorption onto the soot carbon was considered. It could be concluded that the main partition mechanism in Zaragoza aerosols was explained by adsorption onto the soot carbon. However, Kp modelled values were affected by the different thermodynamic parameters related to soot types. The influence of the organic matter and elemental carbon fractions on the Kp modelling was also studied. The different particle characteristics, local factors, the presence of non exchangeable fraction and non equilibrium were considered like main keys to explain deviations of the experimental Kp values from predictions according to models.Authors would like to thank the Government of Aragón (DGA) for the grant to M.T.C and the Spanish Government for the JAE doctoral contract to J.M.L and for the Juan de la Cierva contract to M.V.N.Peer reviewe

Optimización de la documentación en proyectos de software ágiles: Buenas prácticas y artefactos en el marco de trabajo SCRUM

Generalmente la documentación de un proyecto de software es uno de los problemas a los que se enfrentan los desarrolladores y muchas empresas de ingeniería en todo el mundo. Con la filosofía ágil es posible generar artefactos precisos que ayudan a la elaboración de los proyectos de software. En el presente artículo se presentan un conjunto de buenas prácticas y artefactos generados en la construcción de aplicaciones web progresivas a través de eventos y actividades del marco de trabajo SCRUM. La metodología propuesta para el desarrollo de proyectos de software se divide en cuatro áreas importantes: la fundamentación, la ingeniería de requisitos, la implementación y el despliegue. En cada área proponemos un conjunto de artefactos precisos que logran cumplir con la documentación óptima para la construcción de aplicaciones informáticas. La comprobación de la metodología se realizó con el desarrollo de una plataforma web para implementar el modelo pedagógico de aula invertida en el contexto de la taxonomía revisada de Bloom

Colon cancer therapy with calcium phosphate nanoparticles loading bioactive compounds from Euphorbia lathyris: In vitro and in vivo assay

Amorphous calcium phosphate nanoparticles (ACP NPs) exhibit excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. ACP NPs were functionalized with two coumarin compounds (esculetin and euphorbetin) extracted from Euphorbia lathyris seeds (BC-ACP NPs) showing high loading capacity (0.03% and 0.34% (w/w) for esculetin and euphorbetin, respectively) and adsorption efficiency (2.6% and 33.5%, respectively). BC-ACP NPs, no toxic to human blood cells, showed a more selective cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer (CRC) cells (T-84 cells) (IC50, 71.42 μg/ml) compared to non-tumor (CCD18) cells (IC50, 420.77 μg/ml). Both, the inhibition of carbonic anhydrase and autophagic cell death appeared to be involved in their action mechanism. Interestingly, in vivo treatment with BC-ACPs NPs using two different models of CRC induction showed a significant reduction in tumor volume (62%) and a significant decrease in the number and size of polyps. A poor development of tumor vasculature and invasion of normal tissue were also observed. Moreover, treatment increased the bacterial population of Akkermansia by restoring antioxidant systems in the colonic mucosa of mice. These results show a promising pathway to design innovative and more efficient therapies against CRC based on biomimetic calcium phosphate NPs loaded with natural products.Spanish GovernmentEuropean Commission PTQ-17-09172 RTC-2017-6540-1 RTI2018-100934-B-I00 RTC2019-006870-1 RYC2016-21042Junta de Andalucia FEDER program P18-TP-1420 A-CTS666-UGR20 B-CTS-122-UGR20 P18-HO-3882 P18-TP-0969Andalusian Government AGR145 FQM-368 CTS-10

Implementation of a Training Program in Advanced Life Support within map competence of future students of Medicine, University of Granada

Objetivo: Analizar la primera experiencia de formación en soporte vital avanzado (SVA) en estudiantes de medicina, incluyéndola como asignatura de libre configuración siguiendo las normas de la European Resuscitation Council. Metodología: Estudio observacional descriptivo transversal. Los datos se recogieron de los alumnos que participaron en el curso de SVA, como asignatura de libre configuración, realizado en la facultad de medicina de la Universidad de Granada. Se recogieron mediante encuesta variables sociodemográficas, variables de aspectos específicos de calidad del curso, así como la consideración de los alumnos ante la posibilidad de implantación del SVA en los estudios de Grado en la facultad de medicina. (Escala de puntuación= 1 mínimo- 5 máximo). Resultados: Se encuestaron a los 25 alumnos que asistieron al curso y su evaluación fue: Evaluación global del curso= 5,0, docentes participantes=4,8+ 0,3, material empleado=4,2+ 0,5 y las instalaciones= 3,7+ 0,6. Necesidad de la implantación de la formación en soporte vital avanzado en los estudios de Grado= 84% imprescindible y el 16% recomendable. Formación de los docentes que impartan esta asignatura= 4% Formación específica en urgencias y emergencias, 4% Formación específica en soporte vital y el 92% formación específica en soporte vital y metodología de la formación. Espacios docentes específicos para la formación en soporte vital = 56% imprescindible, 40% recomendable y el 4% opcional. Escogería la asignatura=100% de alumnos respondió que SI. Posible dotación de créditos=4% 8 créditos, 80% 6 créditos y el 16% se mostró indiferente. Elección del año académico a impartir la asignatura=52% en quinto y el 48% en sexto. Necesidad de reciclaje= el 100% de los alumnos respondieron SI. Conclusiones: El grado de satisfacción con la acción formativa es muy elevado, destacando la valoraciòn a los docentes. Los alumnos consideran imprescindible que los docentes sean expertos clínicos en la atención al paciente en situación de PCR, y además dispongan de formación específica en metodología de la formación aplicada a la enseñanza del soporte vital. Además consideran que el desarrollo de un mapa competencial específico en soporte vital debe estar incorporado al curriculum formativo de cualquier estudiante del Grado de Medicina.Objective: To analyze the first training experience in advanced life support (ALS) in medical students, including it as a free elective course following the rules of the European Resuscitation Council. Method: This is a cross-sectional observational study. Data were collected from the students who participated in the course of ALS, as free elective course, held at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Granada. Dates were collected: sociodemographic, specific aspects of quality of the course, as well as consideration of the students at the possibility of implementation of SVA in graduate studies in the faculty of medicine. (Rating scale = 1, minimum 5 maximum).Results: The 25 students who attended the course and its evaluation was surveyed was: Overall Course Evaluation = 5.0, participating teachers = 4.8 + 0.3, material used = 4.2 + 0.5 = 3 facilities, 7 + 0.6. Need for the implementation of training in advanced life support in the Degree = 84 % essential and 16% recommended. Training of teachers to impart this course = 4 % Specific training in emergency , 4 % Specific training in life support and 92% specific training in life support and training methodologies . Specific teaching areas for training in life support = 56 % essential, 40 % and 4% recommended optional. Choose the course = 100 % of students answered YES. Possible allocation of credits = 4% 8 credits 6 credits 80 % and 16% were indifferent. Election of the academic year to teach the subject = 52% in the fifth and sixth 48 %. Need for recycling = 100% of the students answered YES. Conclusions: The degree of satisfaction with the training is very high, highlighting the valuation teachers. The students believe that teachers must be skilled in clinical patient care at-PCR, and also have specific training in training methodology applied to the teaching of life support. Also to consider developing a specific competence map in life support should be incorporated into the training curriculum for any student of Degree of Medicine

Urinary bladder sigma-1 receptors: A new target for cystitis treatment

Supplementary material related to this article can be found, in the online version, at doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104724.No adequate treatment is available for painful urinary bladder disorders such as interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome, and the identification of new urological therapeutic targets is an unmet need. The sigma-1 receptor (σ1-R) modulates somatic pain, but its role in painful urological disorders is unexplored. The urothelium expresses many receptors typical of primary sensory neurons (e.g. TRPV1, TRPA1 and P2X3) and high levels of σ1- R have been found in these neurons; we therefore hypothesized that σ1-R may also be expressed in the urothelium and may have functional relevance in this tissue. With western blotting and immunohistochemical methods, we detected σ1-R in the urinary bladder in wild-type (WT) but not in σ1-R-knockout (σ1-KO) mice. Interestingly, σ1-R was located in the bladder urothelium not only in mouse, but also in human bladder sections. The severity of histopathological (edema, hemorrhage and urothelial desquamation) and biochemical alterations (enhanced myeloperoxidase activity and phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinases 1/2 [pERK1/2]) that characterize cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis was lower in σ1-KO than in WT mice. Moreover, cyclophosphamide-induced pain behaviors and referred mechanical hyperalgesia were dose-dependently reduced by σ1-R antagonists (BD-1063, NE-100 and S1RA) in WT but not in σ1-KO mice. In contrast, the analgesic effect of morphine was greater in σ1-KO than in WT mice. Together these findings suggest that σ1-R plays a functional role in the mechanisms underlying cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, and modulates morphine analgesia against urological pain. Therefore, σ1-R may represent a new drug target for urinary bladder disorders.Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) SAF2016-80540-REuropean Regional Development Funds (ERDF), Junta de Andalucia grant CTS 109Esteve PharmaceuticalsInnovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking 777500European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmeEFPI