Improving the accuracy of phase-shifting techniques

The traditional phase-shifting profilometry technique is based on the projection of digital interference patterns and computation of the absolute phase map. Recently, a method was proposed that used phase interpolation to the corner detection, at subpixel accuracy in the projector image for improving the camera–projector calibration. We propose a general strategy to improve the accuracy in the search for correspondence that can be used to obtain high precision three-dimensional reconstruction. Experimental results show that our strategy can outperform the precision of the phase-shifting method

Partial protection of seasonal trivalent inactivated vaccine against novel pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009: case-control study in Mexico City

Objective To evaluate the association of 2008-9 seasonal trivalent inactivated vaccine with cases of influenza A/H1N1 during the epidemic in Mexico

Acesso ao diagnóstico da tuberculose em município brasileiro de médio porte

Objetivo Avaliar o acesso ao diagnóstico de tuberculose, na perspectiva dos doentes.Métodos Estudo transversal, com 108 doentes de tuberculose. Os dados foram coletados utilizando-se o instrumento Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT), validado para o Brasil, adaptado para atenção a tuberculose, incluiu indicadores socioeconômicos e demográficos, local do diagnóstico e de acesso ao diagnóstico de tuberculose. A análise dos dados foi de frequência, média, desvio-padrão, intervalo de confiança e teste Qui-quadrado.Resultados A maioria dos casos foi diagnosticada em hospitais (52,8%). O doente procurou a Unidade de Saúde em média três vezes, para conseguir atendimento. Os indicadores dificuldade de deslocamento, gasto com transporte motorizado e consulta no prazo de 24 horas para descoberta da doença foram não satisfatórios e regulares. Conseguir consulta para descobrir a tuberculose em 24 horas, foi não satisfatório. O teste qui-quadrado mostrou associação estatística entre locais de diagnóstico e procura pela unidade de saúde mais próxima da casa.Conclusão O diagnóstico precoce da Tuberculose na Atenção Primária apresenta fragilidades. São muitos desafios a serem enfrentados para o fortalecimento deste nível de atenção a saúde, com capacidade organizacional para a superação das deficiências relacionadas ao doente e ao serviço que dificultam o acesso ao diagnóstico da doença.Objetivo Evaluating access to tuberculosis diagnosis, from the perspective of patients.Methods Cross-sectional study with 108 tuberculosis patients. Data were collected using the brazilian instrument Primary Care Assessment Tool – PCAT-Brazil, adapted for attention to tuberculosis, including socio-economic and demographic indicators, location of diagnosis and diagnostic access tuberculosis. The analysis of the data was of frequency, average, standard deviation, confidence interval and Chi-square test.Results Most cases were diagnosed in hospitals (52.8%). The patient sought the Health Unit on average three times until receiving medical care. The indicators of difficulty of displacement, expenditure on motorized transport and consultation within 24 hours to discover the disease were not satisfactory and regular. The chi-square test showed a statistical association between diagnosis location and seeking the nearest health unit from home.Conclusions There are weaknesses in the early diagnosis of tuberculosis in primary care. There are many challenges to be faced to strengthen this level of health care,Objetivo Evaluar el acceso al diagnóstico de tuberculosis, desde la perspectiva de los enfermos.Métodos Estudio transversal con 108 pacientes de tuberculosis. Los datos fueron recolectados utilizando el instrumento Primary Care Assessment Tool -PCAT-Brasil- . El análisis de los datos incluyeron frecuencia, media, desviación estándar, intervalo de confianza y prueba Chi-cuadrado.Resultados La mayoría de los casos fueron diagnosticados en hospitales (52,8%). El paciente buscó la Unidad de Salud en promedio tres veces, para conseguir atención. Los indicadores dificultad de desplazamiento, gasto con transporte motorizado y consulta en el plazo de 24 horas para el descubrimiento de la enfermedad, no fueron satisfactorios o regulares. La prueba de Chi-cuadrado mostró una asociación estadística entre el lugar de diagnóstico y la búsqueda de la unidad de salud más cercana al hogar.Conclusión El diagnóstico precoz de la tuberculosis en la Atención Primaria presenta fallas. Son muchos los desafíos a enfrentar para mejorar la atención, la capacidad organizacional para superar las deficiencias relacionadas con el enfermo y el servicio, que dificultan el acceso al diagnóstico de la enfermedad

Trends in the epidemiology of catheter-related bloodstream infections; towards a paradigm shift, Spain, 2007 to 2019

Altres ajuts: Departament de Salut. Generalitat de Catalunya ("Pla estratègic de recerca i innovació en salut (PERIS) 2019-2021"); Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital; Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI).Background: Catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) are frequent healthcare-associated infections and an important cause of death. Aim: To analyse changes in CRBSI epidemiology observed by the Infection Control Catalan Programme (VINCat). Methods: A cohort study including all hospital-acquired CRBSI episodes diagnosed at 55 hospitals (2007-2019) in Catalonia, Spain, was prospectively conducted. CRBSI incidence rates were adjusted per 1,000patientdays. To assess the CRBSI rate trend per year, negative binomial models were used, with the number of events as the dependent variable, and the year as the main independent variable. From each model, the annual rate of CRBSI diagnosed per 1,000patientdays and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with its 95% confidence intervals (CI) were reported. Results: During the study, 9,290 CRBSI episodes were diagnosed (mean annual incidence rate:0.20episodes/1,000patientdays). Patients' median age was 64.1years; 36.6% (3,403/9,290) were female. In total, 73.7% (n=6,845) of CRBSI occurred in non-intensive care unit (ICU) wards, 62.7% (n=5,822) were related to central venous catheter (CVC), 24.1% (n=2,236) to peripheral venous catheters (PVC) and 13.3% (n=1,232) to peripherally-inserted central venous catheters (PICVC). Incidence rate fell over the study period (IRR:0.94;95%CI:0.93-0.96), especially in the ICU (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.89). As a whole, while episodes of CVC CRBSI fell significantly (IRR:0.88;95%CI:0.87-0.91), peripherally-inserted catheter CRBSI (PVC and PICVC) rose, especially in medical wards (IRR PICVC:1.08;95%CI:1.05-1.11; IRR PVC: 1.03; 95% 1.00-1.05). Conclusions: Over the study, CRBSIs associated with CVC and diagnosed in ICUs decreased while episodes in conventional wards involving peripherally-inserted catheters increased. Hospitals should implement preventive measures in conventional wards