El trabajo en equipo en las escuelas

El trabajo en equipo son estrategias metodológicas que logran buscar metas y objetivos comunes dentro de un grupo de trabajo. Esto permite involucrar a todos los integrantes de la escuela para poder desarrollar su desempeño y potencialidades que se verá reflejado en la calidad de los aprendizajes de sus estudiantes y el servicio que dan. El presente trabajo trata de explicar el rol del director y el docente en el trabajo de equipo, nos permite conocer la importancia de la comunicación con los otros, lo cooperación, confianza y la práctica de los valores, mostrando un buen clima de trabajo

Univariate data analysis versus multivariate approach in liquid chromatography. An application for melamine migration from food contact materials

The aim of this work is focused on the melamine migration from food contact materials (FCMs), considering data obtained from univariate analysis versus that obtained from multivariate approach in liquid chromatography coupled to diode array detector. Plastic food contact materials are made from monomers and additives. Moreover, non-intentionally added substances (NIAS) can be part of the composition of the FCM: raw material impurities or process by-products, inks or adhesives. Any compound present within a FCM can migrate to foodstuff. Specific migration of some substances from plastic FCMs to food/simulant is limited by European legislation in force (Commission Regulation No 10/2011). Quantification of analytes in migration samples through a univariate analysis could lead to erroneous results. As an example, in liquid chromatography NIAS can interfere when coeluting with analytes or when they have close retention time. In that case, an overestimation would happen and the verification of the compliance of the specific migration limit (SML) of a substance would be incorrect. A solution to the problem can be found in the application of a chemometric tool with the second-order advantage, which allows the unequivocal identification of analytes. Specifically, for this work, PARAFAC/ PARAFAC2 decomposition technique along with tensors arranged from HPLC-DAD data of migration (test and kinetics) samples were used for the identification and quantification of melamine. Results of melamine quantity found in migration samples from five types of melaware by means of a multivariate approach were compared to results obtained with a univariate data analysis carried out with values of chromatographic peak area as response. The comparison reveals that in test samples, univariate analysis supposes an overestimation in the quantity of melamine of 30 % on average, with respect of the concentration obtained from the multivariate approach. Besides, in kinetics samples it is remarkable that for one migration cycle the melamine found was 10 times above the one that obtained with PARAFAC decomposition. Summing up, multivariate data analysis of migration samples supposes a great advantage in order to comply with the established regulation about migrants and to decrease the false non-compliant results.The authors thank the Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León, Spain for financial support through project BU052P20, cofinanced with FEDER funds. M.M. Arce wish to thank JCyL for her postdoctoral contract through project BU052P20

Kinetic models of migration of melamine and formaldehyde from melamine kitchenware with data of liquid chromatography

European legislation has established a specific migration limit (SML) of 15 mg kg−1 for formaldehyde and 2.5 mg kg−1 for melamine. Formaldehyde resins are used in the manufacture of melamine kitchenware. Formaldehyde is listed in group 1 of the IARC list of carcinogenic compounds. To determine the quantity of formaldehyde and melamine as potential migrants from different types of melamine kitchenware (glass, mug, cutlery, big cup and bowl), a HPLC-DAD method has been implemented. This method is an alternative to the ones proposed in technical guidelines to determine formaldehyde by UV–vis spectrophotometry and melamine by HPLC. The final objective was to fit the migration kinetic curves of these two analytes in melamine kitchenware. After the method was validated, decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were calculated for both analytes, when the probabilities of false positive (α) and false negative (β) were fixed at 0.05; being CCβ 0.269 mg L−1 and 0.311 mg L−1 for melamine and formaldehyde respectively. CCα and CCβ were also calculated at the SML of both analytes. The migration testing were conducted with simulant B (3% acetic acid (w/v) in aqueous solution), the conditions of each exposure being 70 °C for 2 h. The quantities of melamine and formaldehyde found in the third exposure of the total kitchenware analysed were between 0.21 and 1.09 mg L−1 and between 0.55 and 3.86 mg L−1, respectively. Migration kinetic curves were built for each type of kitchenware with the data of sixteen consecutive migration cycles (70 °C each 30 min). The SML for melamine was surpassed in the mug, in the big cup and in the bowl after eleven, thirteen and one cycles, respectively. When more cycles were carried out in the mug, the values of the accumulated quantity of formaldehyde and melamine were 15.30 and 6.79 mg L−1, respectively, after thirty-two cycles. Both concentrations exceeded the corresponding SML.MINECO (AEI/FEDER, UE) and Consejería de Educación de la Junta de Castilla y León through projects CTQ2017-88894-R and BU012P17 respectively (all co-financed with FEDER funds

EFFECT OF BLANCHING ON NIACIN CONCENTRATION IN CANNED RED KIDNEY BEANS

EFFECT OF BLANCHING ON NIACIN CONCENTRATION IN CANNED RED KIDNEY BEAN

Design of an automatic system of an accelerated biogas biodigester for rural areas in Peru

This research presents the design and control of a biodigester with mechatronic systems for control and a closed systemof controlled compression to reduce the times in the generation of biogas. The development of the project shows that the application of level sensors, electro valves, and exhaust ducts are feasible in each tank through a control panel in order to monitor each process. Theacceleration stage to obtain biogas consists of a closed system type cylinder-piston, to perform a controlled compression reducing fermentation times, additionally it was considered that the drive of this cylinder is mechanical type due to the limited access of electrical energy in rural areas. The control and design of the proposed system will provide multiple improvements in homes in rural Peruvian areas that require solutions based on better use of natural resources with the waste generated by livestock, use of energy reducing pollution to their environment, creating access to energy generation, and the possibility of reducing diseases due to the consumption of polluting fuels during the preparation of their food

Pullulan: an advantageous natural polysaccharide excipient to formulate tablets of alendronate-loaded microparticles

Neste trabalho relata-se a preparação de comprimidos pela compressão direta de micropartículas contendo alendronato de sódio, utilizando o pullulan como diluente. As propriedades dos comprimidos de pullulan foram comparadas com as de comprimidos de celulose microcristalina e de lactose. Os comprimidos de pullulan mostraram baixa variação no peso médio, espessura e teor. Por outro lado, estes apresentaram altos valores de dureza comparados aos preparados com os outros excipientes. Através dos estudos de liberação in vitro pode-se observar que apenas o pullulan foi capaz de manter a gastrorresistência e as propriedades de liberação das micropartículas, o que se deve à sua capacidade de proteger as partículas do dano causado pela força de compressão. Dessa forma, o pullulan foi considerado um excipiente vantajoso para a preparação de comprimidos microparticulados.This work reports the preparation of tablets by direct compression of sodium alendronate-loaded microparticles, using pullulan as filler. The tableting properties of pullulan were compared with those of microcrystalline cellulose and lactose. Pullulan tablets showed low variations in average weight, thickness and drug content. Moreover, these tablets exhibited a higher hardness compared to the other excipients. In vitro release studies showed that only pullulan was capable to maintain gastroresistance and release properties of microparticles, due to its ability to protect particles against damage caused by compression force. Thus, pullulan was considered an advantageous excipient to prepare tableted microparticles

Design of a mechatronic assistant in the treatment of cognitive abilities using musical stimuli for people with dementia

This research presents the design and control of a mechatronic assistant for the treatment with music therapy in dementia patients, in emphasis on Alzheimer’s disease, through control software im- plemented in a mechatronic system. The development of research shows that the proposed mechatronic system detects and records the behavior of brain waves, through communication in order to perform some corrective action against a possible unwanted unfore- seen response during therapy. This communication can be in real time by communicating via Bluetooth through an application to a family member or patient manager and regulates the musical style according to the type of brain wave that best effects the patient with dementia and additionally, with a cloud record for further analysis of the improvement and progress of the patient. With this, the implemented mechatronic assistant will improve the well-being and quality of life of dementia patients

Formulation of gastroresistant tablets containing sodium alendronate-loaded blend microparticles

Sodium alendronate is an antiresorptive drug used for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, its oral administration is associated with low bioavailability and gastroesophageal irritation. This work aimed at developing tablets containing sodium alendronate-loaded microparticles by direct compression to achieve a safe and effective form. The parameters evaluated were average weight, hardness, thickness and drug content.;In vitro; release tests were carried out using simulated gastric and intestinal fluids, and the profiles were analyzed through the Korsmeyer-Peppas mono- or biexponential dependent approaches. Tablets presented adequate average weight, thickness, good mechanical properties and drug content close to 100%. Moreover, the formulation released less than 11% of sodium alendronate in gastric fluid, exhibiting a good gastroresistance. At pH 6.8, almost 100% of the drug was released in 12h, showing a prolonged profile. The mathematical modeling indicated that the experimental data was better fitted to the biexponential equation. Furthermore, a good correlation coefficient was obtained for the Korsmeyer-Peppas model and the release exponent suggested that the drug dissolution was driven by anomalous transport. In conclusion, the microparticulated tablets can be considered a promising alternative for oral delivery of sodium alendronate.;O alendronato de sódio é um fármaco da classe dos bisfosfonatos, comumente utilizado no tratamento da osteoporose pós-menopausa. Entretanto, sua administração oral está associada à baixa biodisponibilidade e irritação gastroesofágica. Este trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de comprimidos contendo micropartículas de alendronato de sódio por compressão direta, a fim de obter uma forma segura e eficaz. Os parâmetros avaliados foram peso médio, dureza, espessura e teor de fármaco. Estudos de liberação ;in vitro; foram realizados utilizando fluído gástrico e intestinal simulado e o perfil de liberação foi analisado pelos modelos matemáticos de Korsmeyer-Peppas, mono- e biexponencial. Os comprimidos apresentaram peso médio adequado, espessura, dureza e teor próximo a 100%. Além disso, a formulação liberou menos de 11% do fármaco em fluído gástrico, mostrando uma boa gastrorresistência. Em pH 6,8, em torno de 100% do fármaco foram liberados em 12 h, apresentando liberação prolongada. A modelagem matemática indica que os resultados seguem a equação biexponencial. Pela análise do expoente de liberação obtido no modelo de Korsmeyer-Peppas sugere-se que a dissolução do fármaco ocorre por transporte anômalo. Concluindo, a preparação dos comprimidos microparticulados pode ser considerada uma alternativa promissora para a liberação oral do alendronato de sódio.

Conocimiento y prácticas preventivas de dengue en los pobladores del AA. HH. Raúl Porras Barrenechea Comité 76 Carabayllo - Perú, 2022

Objetivo: Determinar cuál es la relación entre conocimiento y practicas preventivas de Dengue en los pobladores del A.A.H.H. A.A.H.H. Raúl Porras Barrenechea Comité 76 Carabayllo-Perú, 2022. Metodología: El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo con diseño no - experimental, descriptivo simple – correlacional. La población muestral fue de 77 pobladores, con edades que comprenden entre los 18 y 59 años. La técnica empleada fue la encuesta y el instrumento utilizado un cuestionario de elaboración propia, corroborado por un grupo de expertos, se aplicó la prueba de validez Vaiken en la que se obtuvo un resultado 0.93, se consiguió la confiabilidad con Alfa de Cronbach de 0.93. Resultados: De acuerdo a la variable conocimiento sobre prevención de dengue se registró un nivel bajo correspondiente al 48.08% y en la variable de prácticas preventivas obtuvieron un nivel medio en contra la reproducción del mosquito trasmisor donde se calculó un 57.14%. Conclusión: Se identifico la correlación positiva- moderada entra las variables conocimiento y variable practicas preventivas con coeficiente Rho de Spearman de 0.553. Se identificó que realizan prácticas preventivas sin embargo debido a su nivel instrucción tienen deficientes conocimientos de la enfermedad del Dengue.Objective: To establish the relationship between knowledge and preventive practices of Dengue in the inhabitants of the A.A.H.H. Raul Porras Barrenechea Committee 76 Carabayllo-Peru.2022. Methodology: The study had a quantitative approach with a non-experimental, simple descriptive-correlational design.Tha sample potulation consisted of 77 inhabitants, aged between 18 and 59 years. The ttechnique used was the survey and the instrument used was a self-made questionnaire, corrobotated by a group of experts. Tha Vaiken validity test was applied and result of 0.93 was obtained; reliability of 0.93 was obtained; reliability was achieved with Cronbach’s Alpha of 0.93. Results: Accrording to the varible knowledge about dengue prevention, a low level was recorded , corresponding to 48.08%, and in the variable of preventive practices , a medium level was obtained against the reproduction of the transmitting mosquito , where 57.14% was calculated. Conclusion: A positive – moderatecorrelation was identified between the variable’s knowledge and preventive practices with a Spearman’s Rho coefficient of 0.553. It was identified practices, however, due to their level of education they have deficient knowlefge of the Dengue disease

El alfabetismo financiero y su relación con el endeudamiento de los clientes de la agencia Lima Centro de un banco, 2022

La investigación tiene como objetivo general determinar la relación entre el alfabetismo financiero y el endeudamiento de los clientes de la agencia Lima centro de un Banco, 2022. La hipótesis planteada es si existe relación entre el alfabetismo financiero y el endeudamiento de los clientes de la agencia Lima centro de un Banco, 2022. La metodología empleada aplica enfoque cuantitativo, nivel correlacional y diseño no experimental transversal. La población considerada es finita, se registran 1600 clientes en el Banco, teniendo como nuestra de estudio a 310 clientes. Como técnica se utilizó la encuesta y como instrumento un cuestionario de 36 preguntas, en la escala de Likert. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado un nivel positivo débil en la dimension conocimientos financieros con respecto a la dimensión debilidad financiera, por otro lado, en lo que respecta a las otras dimensiones han demostrado resultados positivos medios puesto que los clientes estuvieron de acuerdo y totalmente de acuerdo. Finalmente, como conclusión, se acepta la hipótesis alterna que afirma que existe relación entre el alfabetismo financiero y el endeudamiento de los clientes de la agencia lima centro de un Banco, 2022; obteniendo una correlación positiva media Rho de Spearman=0,474