Frutas e produtos hortícolas na prevenção do cancro

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências FarmacêuticasEstima-se que 1/3 das mortes aconteça devido a maus hábitos alimentares e à inatividade física. Atualmente não existe qualquer dúvida de que o excesso de gordura corporal, o consumo de muitas calorias e a falta de exercício físico estão associados a um risco aumentado de desenvolver diversos tipos de cancro, incluindo o cancro do esófago, colo-rectal, mama, útero e rim. Uma alimentação rica em frutas e produtos hortícolas protege contra o aparecimento do cancro e também contra outras doenças, incluindo as Doenças Cardiovasculares e a Diabetes. Há muitos mecanismos pelos quais as frutas e produtos hortícolas têm uma ação de proteção, e um enorme conjunto de pesquisas sustentam a recomendação para as pessoas consumirem mais frutas e produtos hortícolas, de forma a fortalecer o sistema imunológico, pois ajudam a remover substâncias cancerígenas e podem inibir o crescimento de células malignas pela indução da apoptose, uma vez que estes alimentos contêm selénio, ácido fólico, vitamina B-12, vitamina D, clorofila, fibras e antioxidantes, tais como os Carotenóides (α-caroteno, β-caroteno, licopeno, luteína). O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi estudar a influência do consumo de fruta e de produtos hortícolas na incidência de cancro em estudantes da Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde da Universidade Fernando Pessoa bem como do historial familiar de cancro destes participantes. Também foram alvo de estudo o impacto do exercício físico e do IMC na saúde desta população. Neste sentido realizou-se a uma revisão bibliográfica e questionários a 100 participante a partir dos quais se avaliou os hábitos alimentares dos estudantes em questão e respetiva incidência de cancro. Neste estudo verificou-se que o padrão alimentar dos participantes foi predominantemente pobre em produtos hortícolas e frutas apesar da taxa de cancros ser pequena o que pode estar relacionado com a idade dos participantes (20 - 56 anos), contudo, este tipo de alimentação ao longo da vida pode aumentar a probabilidade de futuramente poderem sofrer deste tipo de patologia.It is estimated that one third of deaths are due to poor eating habits and physical inactivity. Currently there is no doubt that the excess body fat, consumption of too many calories and lack of physical activity are associated with an increased risk of developing different types of cancer, including cancer of the esophagus, colorectal, breast, uterus and kidney. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables protect against the onset of cancer and also against other diseases, including cardiovascular disease and diabetes. There are many mechanisms by which fruits and vegetables have a protective action, and a huge body of research supports the recommendation for people to consume more fruits and vegetables in order to strengthen the immune system because they help remove carcinogens and can inhibiting the growth of malignant cells by inducing apoptosis, since these foods contain selenium, folic acid, vitamin B 12, vitamin D, chlorophyll, fibers, and antioxidants such as carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, lycopene , lutein). The objective of this work was to study the influence of eating fruit and vegetables in the incidence of cancer in students of Health Sciences Faculty of the University Fernando Pessoa as well as the family history of cancer of these participants. They were also the subject of study the impact of physical exercise and BMI health of this population. In this regard it was held on a literature review and questionnaires to 100 participant from which we assessed the dietary habits of the students in question and respective incidence of cancer. In this study it was found that the participants eating pattern was predominantly poor in vegetables and fruits though cancers rate is small which can be related to the age of the participants (20 - 56 years), however, this type of power to lifetime may increase the likelihood of future may suffer from this type of pathology

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

Constraining the magnitude of the Chiral Magnetic Effect with Event Shape Engineering in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow $v_2$ reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{\rm NN}}} =2.76$ TeV. The two-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha - \varphi_\beta) \rangle$, calculated for different combinations of charges $\alpha$ and $\beta$, is almost independent of $v_2$ (for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator $\langle \cos(\varphi_\alpha + \varphi_\beta - 2\Psi_2) \rangle$ scales almost linearly both with the event $v_2$ and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on $v_2$ points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10-50% centrality interval is found to be 26-33% at 95% confidence level

Constraining the magnitude of the chiral magnetic effect with event shape engineering in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV

In ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, the event-by-event variation of the elliptic flow v2 reflects fluctuations in the shape of the initial state of the system. This allows to select events with the same centrality but different initial geometry. This selection technique, Event Shape Engineering, has been used in the analysis of charge-dependent two- and three-particle correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN=2.76 TeV. The two-particle correlator 〈cos⁡(φα−φβ)〉, calculated for different combinations of charges α and β, is almost independent of v2 (for a given centrality), while the three-particle correlator 〈cos⁡(φα+φβ−2Ψ2)〉 scales almost linearly both with the event v2 and charged-particle pseudorapidity density. The charge dependence of the three-particle correlator is often interpreted as evidence for the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME), a parity violating effect of the strong interaction. However, its measured dependence on v2 points to a large non-CME contribution to the correlator. Comparing the results with Monte Carlo calculations including a magnetic field due to the spectators, the upper limit of the CME signal contribution to the three-particle correlator in the 10–50% centrality interval is found to be 26–33% at 95% confidence level