The NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN‑SLE): facilitating European and worldwide collaboration on suspect screening in high resolution mass spectrometry

Background: The NORMAN Association (https:// www. norman-​netwo rk. com/) initiated the NORMAN Suspect List Exchange (NORMAN-SLE; https:// www. norman-​netwo rk. com/ nds/ SLE/) in 2015, following the NORMAN collaborative trial on non-target screening of environmental water samples by mass spectrometry. Since then, this exchange of information on chemicals that are expected to occur in the environment, along with the accompanying expert knowledge and references, has become a valuable knowledge base for “suspect screening” lists. The NORMAN-SLE now serves as a FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) chemical information resource worldwide. Results: The NORMAN-SLE contains 99 separate suspect list collections (as of May 2022) from over 70 contributors around the world, totalling over 100,000 unique substances. The substance classes include per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceuticals, pesticides, natural toxins, high production volume substances covered under the European REACH regulation (EC: 1272/2008), priority contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) and regulatory lists from NORMAN partners. Several lists focus on transformation products (TPs) and complex features detected in the environment with various levels of provenance and structural information. Each list is available for separate download. The merged, curated collection is also available as the NORMAN Substance Database (NORMAN SusDat). Both the NORMAN-SLE and NORMAN SusDat are integrated within the NORMAN Database System (NDS). The individual NORMAN-SLE lists receive digital object identifiers (DOIs) and traceable versioning via a Zenodo community (https:// zenodo. org/ commu nities/ norman-​sle), with a total of > 40,000 unique views, > 50,000 unique downloads and 40 citations (May 2022). NORMAN-SLE content is progressively integrated into large open chemical databases such as PubChem (https:// pubch em. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/) and the US EPA’s CompTox Chemicals Dashboard (https:// compt ox. epa. gov/ dashb oard/), enabling further access to these lists, along with the additional functionality and calculated properties these resources offer. PubChem has also integrated significant annotation content from the NORMAN-SLE, including a classification browser (https:// pubch em. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/ class ifica tion/# hid= 101). Conclusions: The NORMAN-SLE offers a specialized service for hosting suspect screening lists of relevance for the environmental community in an open, FAIR manner that allows integration with other major chemical resources. These efforts foster the exchange of information between scientists and regulators, supporting the paradigm shift to the “one substance, one assessment” approach. New submissions are welcome via the contacts provided on the NORMAN-SLE website (https:// www. norman-​netwo rk. com/ nds/ SLE/).NORMAN AssociationLuxembourg National Research Fund A18/BM/12341006European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 101036756National Center for Biotechnology Information of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH)National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia EL1 2009209Australian Research Council DP190102476 Queensland Department of HealthInstituto de Salud Carlos III European Commission CP19/00060 European Union through Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER)Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) FKz: 02WRS1495 A/B/EFWO 11G1821NNIH via grant NIH NIGMS R01GM092218 NIH via grant NIH NCI 1R03CA222452-01Vanderbilt Chemical Biology Interface training program 5T32GM065086-16Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 15747SOLUTIONS project (European Union's Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration) 603437HBM4EU (European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme 733032German Research Foundation (DFG) 441958208NaToxAq (European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant 722493German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) (FKZ) 3716 67 416 0German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection (BMUV) Project (FKZ) 3719 65 408 0EU Cohesion Funds within the project Monitoring and assessment of water body status 310011A366Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN)Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Genome CanadaMAVA foundationValery FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) RUI-1306074 National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 22193051 21906177China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2019M650863Environmental Protection Administration, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. Taiwan (Taiwan EPA) 108C002871Swiss Federal Office for the EnvironmentUnited States Environmental Protection AgencyCenter for Forestry Research & Experimentation (CIEF)European Commission 2019/040Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant 859891 European Commission European Commission Joint Research Centre 308610 289511Joint Programming Initiative FOODBALL 2014-17 MCIN/AEI RYC2020-028901-IESF investing in your futureAugust T Larsson Guest Researcher Programme from the Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesGerman Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the RiSKWa program 02WRS1273 02WRS1354RECETOX research infrastructure (the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports) LM2018121CETOCOEN PLUS project CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/15_ 003/0000469 CETOCOEN EXCELLENCE Teaming 2 project - Czech ministry of Education, Youth and Sports CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/1 7_043/000963

High-throughput and reliable determination of 13 haloacetic acids and dalapon in water and evaluation of control strategies

A simple, fast, highly-sensitive and selective method for the determination of 13 HAAs and dalapon in water has been optimized and validated. The method is based on large volume injection (200 μL) and analyte determination with liquid chromatography coupled to negative electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry (LVI-LC-ESI(−)-HRMS). High throughput is possible due to minimum sample manipulation and short analysis time (16 min in total). This is the first analytical LC-MS-based method that covers the whole suite of HAAs for which analytical standards are available and dalapon, and thus, represents a less costly option than ion-chromatography-based technologies developed for the same purpose. The method provided satisfactory trueness (91–120%) and precision (<17%) values for all analytes, except for CAA. Matrix effects, always in the form of ionization suppression effects, were not relevant (<25%), except in the case of CAA, and they were all well compensated with the use of internal standard calibration. This methodology allows quantifying HAAs in tap waters at concentrations below 1 μg L−1, except in the case of DBCAA and TCAA (3 μg L−1) and CAA and DCBAA (6 μg L−1). Thus, the presented analytical approach is satisfactory for the routine monitoring of HAA5 in drinking waters and obtaining additional knowledge on the formation and occurrence of other HAAs and dalapon that may be of relevance to ensure the provision of safe drinking water in the future. The concentrations of some of the brominated HAAs in chlorine-quenched disinfected water stored in the dark at −20 °C for seven days decreased between 26 and 46%, and thus, water samples should be analysed within 24 hours of their collection. As part of the validation method, the optimized approach was applied to evaluate two strategies to control HAA concentrations in water, i.e., lowering the water pH during the coagulation-flocculation step to improve process efficiency and using a household water pitcher filtration unit to remove HAAs in tap water.CP acknowledges support from Fundación General del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (FGCSIC) through the 2nd edition of the ComFuturo Programme. This work was supported by the Government of Catalonia (Consolidated Research Groups 2017 SGR 01404) and the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Project CEX2018-000794-S). Phenomenex is acknowledged for the gift of the HPLC column and AB Sciex for LC-MS instrumentation loan. Nicola Montemurro and Roser Chaler, from IDAEA-CSIC, are acknowledged for assisstance in the use of the analytical instrumentation. We acknowledge support of the publication fee by the CSIC Open Access Publication Support Initiative through its Unit of Information Resources for Research (URICI).Peer reviewe

Formation of iodo-trihalomethanes, iodo-haloacetic acids, and haloacetaldehydes during chlorination and chloramination of iodine containing waters in laboratory controlled reactions

Iodine containing disinfection byproducts (I-DBPs) and haloacetaldehydes (HALs) are emerging disinfection by-product (DBP) classes of concern. The former due to its increased potential toxicity and the latter because it was found to be the third most relevant DBP class in mass in a U.S. nationwide drinking water study. These DBP classes have been scarcely investigated, and this work was performed to further explore their formation in drinking water under chlorination and chloramination scenarios. In order to do this, iodo-trihalomethanes (I-THMs), iodo-haloacetic acids (I-HAAs) and selected HALs (mono-HALs and di-HALs species, including iodoacetaldehyde) were investigated in DBP mixtures generated after chlorination and chloramination of different water matrices containing different levels of bromide and iodide in laboratory controlled reactions. Results confirmed the enhancement of I-DBP formation in the presence of monochloramine. While I-THMs and I-HAAs contributed almost equally to total I-DBP concentrations in chlorinated water, I-THMs contributed the most to total I-DBP levels in the case of chloraminated water. The most abundant and common I-THM species generated were bromochloroiodomethane, dichloroiodomethane, and chlorodiiodomethane. Iodoacetic acid and chloroiodoacetic acid contributed the most to the total I-HAA concentrations measured in the investigated disinfected water. As for the studied HALs, dihalogenated species were the compounds that predominantly formed under both investigated treatments.C.P. acknowledges support from the European Union 7th R&D Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement 274379 (Marie Curie IOF) and the Secretary for Universities and Research of the Ministry of Economy and Knowledge of the Government of Catalonia and the COFUND Programme of the Marie Curie Actions of the EU’s FP7 (2014 BP_B00064). The EU is not liable for any use that may be made of the information contained therein. This work has been financially supported by the Government of Catalonia (Consolidated Research Groups 2014 SGR 418-Water and Soil Quality Unit and 2014 SGR 291-ICRA).Peer reviewe

Efecto del TDAH en el ámbito académico y las relaciones sociales. Estudio de caso.

El trabajo que se presenta a continuación, trata sobre cómo afecta el TDAH en el ámbito social y académico. El TDAH es uno de los trastornos que más auge está teniendo hoy en día, se ha convertido en uno de los más habituales en las aulas, por lo que es necesario saber cuál es su definición, etiología, en qué afecta, sus manifestaciones y los posibles tratamientos. En primer lugar en el marco teórico se define la evolución terminológica del concepto del TDAH. Actualmente la definición aceptada es la recogida por la American Psychiatric Association la cual denomina este trastorno como “Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad” puntualizando en los criterios de hiperactividad, impulsividad y falta de atención. Después en la metodología, se ha utilizado un paradigma de investigación interpretativo desde una metodología cualitativa, orientado a la descripción e interpretación de los fenómenos educativos. Para ello se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de caso apoyado en unas entrevistas realizadas a los agentes que se considera que intervienen en el entorno del sujeto los que nos da la base para presentar la discusión. Y por último, se concluye que el TDAH es un trastorno el cual repercute en todos los ámbitos que conforman al niño; destacando la importancia a nivel académico y social. Lo que me gustaría conseguir con este trabajo, es saber más sobre el TDAH y lo que es más importante, conocer y así poder intervenir en este problema tanto en el ámbito educativo, como familiar y social. Para ello se realiza un estudio de caso de una persona que padece este trastorno. Además con el objetivo de mostrar el efecto de este trastorno en los diferentes ámbitos, se han llevado a cabo varias entrevistas personales a figuras que intervienen en este proceso. Gracias a la realización de estas entrevistas se ha podido observar que los tres agentes principales que intervienen tanto en el trastorno como en la vida del sujeto son: la familia, la escuela, y las relaciones sociales. Estos tres agentes van unidos y es necesario su apoyo para una mejora en el desarrollo tanto del trastorno, para que funcione y se lleve del mejor modo posible, como en la vida del sujeto para evitar que haya una elevada repercusión. Por ello, se debe conseguir solucionar dichas situaciones de forma adecuada, ya que de lo que se trata es que tanto los niños/as como su familia, lleven una vida ordenada y normalizada.Grado en Educación Infanti

How do university students comprehend and use graphs?

Muy pocos trabajos se han centrado en el análisis de cómo los estudiantes universitarios utilizan los gráficos de forma epistémica. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar la capacidad de estudiantes universitarios de psicología tanto de interpretar gráficos similares a los que utilizan habitualmente, como de seleccionar los gráficos que mejor se adecúan a determinados resultados de una investigación. Además se han analizado las diferencias según la demanda de la tarea (selección /interpretación de gráficos), el tipo de contenido presentado (psicológico/no psicológico) y la complejidad de los gráficos. Los resultados muestran que, en general, los estudiantes cuentan con habilidades suficientes para seleccionar los gráficos para la presentación de datos experimentales o para elaborar conclusiones a partir de la interpretación de los mismos, aunque apenas utilizan de forma epistémica estas habilidades. Estas habilidades parecen estar influidas por la complejidad de las tareas y se aplican de forma similar a los dos contenidos utilizados, tanto en las tareas de selección como en las de interpretaciónFew studies on graphs comprehension have focused on how students use graphs in an epistemic way. The aim of this study was to analyze the capacity of university students of Psychology to interpret data presented in graphs similar to the ones they normally use, as well as to select the most appropriate graph for a given result. Differences in execution were analyzed according to the task demand (selection/interpretation), the type of content (psychological-non psychological) and the complexity of the graphs. Results show that, in general, students have enough abilities to select the adequate graph for the presentation of empirical data, as well as for the elaboration of conclusions based on the information provided by a graph. However, the epistemic use of these abilities was poor and limited, and seemed to be related to the complexity of the task. These abilities were applied in a similar way to both, psychological-non psychological contents, and either in selection or in interpretation tasksLa realización de este artículo ha sido posible gracias a un proyecto financiado por el Ministerio Español de Ciencia e Innovación EDU2010-21995-C02-0

¿Cómo usan y comprenden los gráficos los estudiantes universitarios?

Muy pocos trabajos se han centrado en el análisis de cómo los estudiantes universitarios utilizan los gráficos de forma epistémica. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar la capacidad de estudiantes universitarios de psicología tanto de interpretar gráficos similares a los que utilizan habitualmente, como de seleccionar los gráficos que mejor se adecúan a determinados resultados de una investigación. Además se han analizado las diferencias según la demanda de la tarea (selección /interpretación de gráficos), el tipo de contenido presentado (psicológico/no psicológico) y la complejidad de los gráficos. Los resultados muestran que, en general, los estudiantes cuentan con habilidades suficientes para seleccionar los gráficos para la presentación de datos experimentales o para elaborar conclusiones a partir de la interpretación de los mismos, aunque apenas utilizan de forma epistémica estas habilidades. Estas habilidades parecen estar influidas por la complejidad de las tareas y se aplican de forma similar a los dos contenidos utilizados, tanto en las tareas de selección como en las de interpretación

Fate and removal of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs in conventional and membrane bioreactor wastewater treatment plants and by riverbank filtration

26 pages, 3 tables, 3 figures.Pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) and drugs of abuse (DAs) are two important groups of emerging environmental contaminants that have raised an increasing interest in the scientific community. A number of studies revealed their presence in the environment. This is mainly due to the fact that some compounds are not efficiently removed during wastewater treatment processes, being able to reach surface and groundwater and subsequently, drinking waters. This paper reviews the data regarding the levels of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs detected in wastewaters and gives an overview of their removal by conventional treatment technologies (applying activated sludge) as well as advanced treatments such as membrane bioreactor. The paper also gives an overview of bank filtration practices at managed aquifer recharge sites and discusses the potential of this approach to mitigate the contamination by PhACs and DAs.This work has been supported by the EU project INNOVA-MED (INCO-CT-2006-517728) and by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation Projects CTM2007-30524-E and CEMAGUA (CGL2007-64551).Peer reviewe

Understanding of graphs in social science undergraduate students: selection and interpretation of graphs

How do university students understand the graphs that they read in their textbooks? How does their knowledge regarding the content and their statistical training influence this understanding? Does the kind of task demand also influence this understanding? To answer these questions, we asked a group of psychology students and a group of economics students to choose the most suitable graph for presenting the results of different psychological research studies (reports) (selection task) or to explain in words the results of the same reports shown by means of their graphic representations only (interpretation task). The results showed there were very few differences between groups. Most of the students were able to relate textual information to the adequate graph, but also revealed significant shortcomings and mistakes in their understanding of important syntactic aspects of graphs. They also interpreted the graphs correctly but their interpretation had different levels of complexity, which were not always optimal. We also identified significant differences regarding the difficulty of the reports and the kinds of misinterpretations of graphs. The two tasks thus revealed different pictures of students’ skills in reading and interpreting graphs and, consequently, how the characteristics of task demands influence their performance.2017-1

Perceived Motivational Climate Determines Self-Confidence and Precompetitive Anxiety in Young Soccer Players: Analysis by Gender

The main objective of this study was to analyze whether the perception of the motivational climate in young soccer players determines the level of competitive anxiety and self-confidence. In addition, the results were explored according to gender, in order to observe if there were differences between the female and male categories. A total of 113 cadet and youth soccer players from six soccer teams in the provinces of Malaga and Granada, aged between 14 and 19 years, who competed in regional leagues, participated in the study. Of these, 50 were female and 63 were male. The Competitive Sport Anxiety (CSAI-2), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), and Self-Confidence in Sport Competition Questionnaire (CACD) were used to collect the information. Correlation, linear regression and cluster analyses were performed. The data analyses carried out affirmed the relationship between the study variables, observing that the perception of ego climate was positively related to cognitive anxiety (p < 0.05) and insecurity (p < 0.01), and inversely to self-confidence (p < 0.05). By gender, boys showed a higher perception of an ego-oriented (p < 0.001) and lower perception of a task-oriented climate (p < 0.05) than girls. However, girls showed a greater intensity in the relationships related to ego climate and lower scores in self-confidence (p < 0.01), as well as higher scores in insecurity (p < 0.001). The results have shown positive relationships between self-confidence and a task-oriented climate, as well as negative ones with an ego-oriented climate. It is also observed that ego orientation generates more insecurity and anxiety, which is more evident in girls.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Mála